GIFT  or 


•■^ 


THE   WALTER -KRAUSE   GERMAN  SERIES 


BEGINNERS'   GERMAN 


THE    WALTER-KRAUSE    GERMAN    SERIES 


BEGINNERS'    GERMAN 


BY 
MAX  WALTER,  Ph.D. 

DIRECTOR  OF  THE  MUSTERSCHULE  (REALGYMNASIUM)  ,  FRANKFURT  AM  MAIN 

VISITING  PROFESSOR,  TEACHERS    COLLEGE,  COLUMBIA 

UNIVERSITY,  IQII 

AND 

CARL  A.  KRAUSE,  Ph.D. 

HEAD  OF  THE  DEPARTMENT  OF  MODERN  LANGUAGES,  JAMAICA  HIGH  SCHOOL,  N.Y. 

LECTURER  ON  METHODS  OF  TEACHING  MODERN  LANGUAGES 

NEW  YORK  UNIVERSITY 


CHARLES  SCRIBNER'S  SONS 
NEW  YORK  CHICAGO  BOSTON 


m(r 


i 


Copyright,  1912,  by 
CHARLES  SCRIBNER'S  SONS 


C. 


TO 
WILHELM  VIETOR,  Ph.D. 

PROFESSOR  IN  THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  MARBUR* 

Our  Friend  and  Leader 

THIS  BOOK 
IS  GRATEFULLY  INSCRIBED 


232681 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 

in  2007  with  funding  from 

IVIicrosoft  Corporation 


http://www.archive.org/details/beginnersgermanOOwaltrich 


PREFACE 

mTlt^T  greubc  an  ber  ®We." 

Beginners'  German  is  the  basic  book  of  the  Walter-Krause 
German  Series.  One  purpose  of  this  introductory  book  is  to 
initiate  the  learner  into  the  language  of  every-day  life  as  well 
as  into  the  literary  language,  thereby  insuring  a  realistic  vocab- 
ulary. As  we  start  with  the  immediate  environment  of  the 
pupil,  we  have  the  best  of  foundations  for  interest  and  for  suc- 
cess. At  all  times  we  are  taking  cognizance  of  the  living 
adolescent  and  not  of  abstract  pedantry.  The  work  is  an  out- 
growth of  actual  class-room  experience. 

The  first  lessons,  at  least,  are  intended  quite  as  much  for  the 
teacher  as  for  the  pupil.  We  beg  leave  to  give  the  following 
hints  as  to  an  effective  mode  of  using  Beginners'  German  — 
although  no  teacher  is  expected  to  tie  himself  down  to  one  par- 
ticular system: 

(i)  Develop  the  material  orally,  with  books  closed. 

(2)  Ascertain  by  questions  and  answers  whether  the  pupils 
have  the  proper  imderstanding  of  the  oral  work.  Every  answer 
should  be  repeated  by  the  class. 

(3)  Call  for  a  continuous  oral  review  of  the  whole  (with  2t\t- 
ftMe). 

(4)  Have  the  assignment  read,  individually  and  in  chorus. 

(5)  Let  the  matter  covered  be  written  or  dictated. 

(6)  Be  sure  that  definite  grammatical  facts  are  gained  in 
each  lesson. 

Let  a  thorough  drill  in  sounds  be  connected  with  all  begin- 
ning lessons;  never  let  a  wrong  pronunciation  pass  muster. 
Do  not  assign  a  lesson  unless  it  has  been  prepared  in  class. 

The  questions  as  laid  down  in  our  book  are  intended  for  the 
student,  to  insure  proper  review  at  home.     Such  review  may  be 

vii 


vni  BEGINNERS     GERMAN 

oral  or  written.  Of  course,  these  questions  do  not  limit  the 
individual  teacher  in  any  way  and  are  merely  suggestive. 
But  they  do  outline  the  work  of  the  learner  definitely  so 
that  the  matter  in  hand  shall  be  thoroughly  dealt  with 
and  mastered.  Answers  should  always  be  given  in  complete 
sentences. 

The  Grammar  is  based  directly  upon  the  work  of  each  lesson 
and  is  learned  inductively.  We  are  not  talking  and  teaching 
about  grammar  but,  better  than  that,  we  talk  and  teach  gram- 
mar. The  learner  will  formulate  for  himself,  from  his  own 
experience,  certain  linguistic  laws  and  rules  and  this  very 
creative  laboratory  work  will  be  a  pleasure  to  him.  It  will  de- 
velop his  powers  of  observation  and  will  cause  him  to  use  his 
own  judgment  rather  than  to  accept  that  of  an  ^*  authority." 
Such  botanizing  work  will  be  his  mental  property  and  will  not 
be  done  in  futuram  oblivionem. 

Some  of  the  later  selections  deal  with  German  life  and  cus- 
toms. We  hope  that  the  students  will  gain  thereby  an  ac- 
quaintance with  Germany  and  the  Germans. 

The  progress  of  each  class  with  our  book  will  depend,  of 
course,  upon  a  number  of  circumstances.  For  Lessons  36-41 
we  have  furnished  Supplementary  Reading  to  illustrate  more 
fully  the  use  of  Compound  Verbs,  of  the  Subjunctive,  and  of 
Modal  Auxiliaries. 

A  number  of  Reproduction  Exercises  are  added  for  review 
purposes,  after  Lesson  27.  Translation  and  retranslation 
may  be  practised  occasionally  after  the  foreign  language 
has  been  essentially  mastered.  The  melodies  of  the  songs 
given  in  the  text,  as  well  as  two  additional  ones,  are 
printed  separately.  The  Grammatical  Tables  furnish  only 
the  absolute  essentials  of  German  Accidence  in  systematic 
arrangement. 

We  desire  to  express  our  hearty  thanks  to  a  number  of  our 
colleagues  both  in  America  and  in  Germany  for  many  valuable 


PREFACE  IX 

hints.  We  are  also  under  great  obligation  to  the  Frankfurter 
Lesebuch-Kommission,  to  Karl  HessePs  Deutsche  Lesebucher, 
to  Kameradschaft,  Berlin,  to  Seringas  Chorgesangbuch,  and  to 
N.  G.  Elwert,  Marburg,  for  their  kindness  in  permitting  us 
to  use  some  of  their  selections  or  publications. 

Especially  do  we  acknowledge  our  gratitude  to  Dr.  A.  Busse, 
Associate  Professor  of  German,  Normal  College  of  the  City  of 
New  York,  for  his  kind  advice  and  assistance  in  reading  both 
manuscript  and  proof. 

The  Authors. 

February  y  jgi2. 


CONTENTS 


PAGE 

Preface vii 

Map  of  Germany facing  i 

Introductory:  Alphabet i 

Table  of  German  Sounds  with  Explanations 3 

Lesson    I.    Conversation  —  Days    (tft,    finb;    ttjar,    itjarcn;    h)irb, 

n)erbcn  fein) 7 

II.    Conversation  —  Days  (Declension  of  btc  SSod^c)    .    .         9 

III.  Conversation  —  Months  (Declension  of  btti^  Sftftt)    .        11 

IV.  Conversation — Seasons    (Declension  of  bcr  ^crlbft; 

word  formation  un-) 13 

V.    Conversation  on  preceding  work   (Word-order;  im- 
personal verbs;  word  formation  -c) 16 

VI.    D  ^annenBaum  (Review;  word  formation  -\)txi)  .    .       18 
VII.    Conversation  —  Multiplication  Tables  (ber-words)    .        20 
VIII.    Conversation  —  Arithmetical  Problems  (Conjugation 

of  \6)  bin;  pronouns  of  address) 22 

IX.    Conversation  —  Family  (Declension  of   citlC   iBod^e, 

citt  3a]^r;  word  formation  -tiftcn,  -Icin) 26 

X.    Conversation  —  Cardinal  Numbers  (Declension  of  cttl 

a^onat) 28 

XI.    Conversation  —  Parts  of  the  Day  (Conjugation  of  trff 

i^abc;  ordinal  numbers) 30 

XII.    Conversation  —  Time   of   Day  (Conjugation   of   t(^ 

ftierbe;  future  tense;  numerals  continued)     ...        32 

XIII.  Conversation  —  Parts   of   Body   (Declension  of   bie 

St|)^jcn,  btc  ginger,  btc  ^ai^nt) 34 

XIV.  Conversation  (Declension  of  btc  ^inbcr,  bic  ^ngen)  .       2>^ 
XV.    Conversation  (Review  of  nouns;   prepositions  with 

dative) 39 

XVI.    Conversation  —  Date  (Ordinals  and  numerals  com- 
pleted)         42 

XVII.    2)te  Sotcici  (i)  (^cinc)  (^abcn  and  fcin  in  compound 

tenses) 43 

xi 


xii  beginners'  German 

PAGE 

XVIII.    ^te    Sorelei    (2)    and    (3)    (Drill    on   nouns;    word 

formation  -ung) 45 

XIX.    Conversation  —  Class    (cttt-words,    neuter;    present 

tense;  imperative) 47 

XX.    Conversation  —  Class    (cm- words,    feminine;    reflex- 
ives; t(^  nc^mc) 50 

XXI.    Conversation  —  Class  (ctn- words,  masculine;  reflex- 
ives, completed;  id)  ixaqt;  declension  of  personal 

pronouns) 53 

XXII.    Unfcr  Scftulsimmer  (i)   (Compound  nouns;  preposi- 
tions with  dative  or  accusative) 57 

XXIII.  Unfcr  ©cfttttsimmcr  (2)  (Preterit  of  weak  verbs;  word 

formation  -ifcft) 60 

XXIV.  Unfcr  ©t^ul^aui^  (Prepositions  with  accusative;   per- 

fect and  pluperfect) 62 

XXV.    Unfcrc  Sd^utc   (Comparison   of   adjectives   and  ad- 
verbs)         65 

XXVI.    S3ci  Xm;  <Sttttc  matijt  (i)  (Adverbial  compounds; 
agreement    of    pronouns;     indefinite    pronouns; 

strong  declension  of  adjectives) 66 

XXVII.    $Io^rcgcn   (Preterit   of  strong  verbs;   coordinating 

conjunctions) 69 

XXVIII.    $cibcnrdi^(ctn  (©octl^e)  (Review;  strong  verbs)  ...       72 
XXIX.    (Sbelmann  unb  ©drtncr  (Interrogative  and  relative 

pronouns;  word  formation) 75 

XXX.    Review  (Classification  of  strong  verbs) '.       78 

XXXI.    ^a^  foftbarc  ^rdntlcin  (Weak  declension  of  adjec- 
tives,   feminine    singular    and    plural;    irregular 

strong  verbs) 81 

XXXII.    ^ai^   tdgltdftc   S3rot  (Weak  declension  of  adjectives, 

neuter  singular  and  plural;  word  formation)     .    .       84 

XXXIII.  ^ic  bctttfdftc  ^aifcrfomiltc;  ^cil  bir  im  ©icgcrfranj  (i) 

(Weak  declension  of  adjectives,  masculine  singu- 
lar and  plural;  word  formation  -ling,  -It^)     .    .       87 

XXXIV.  ^a§  bcutfd^c  9ictcft  (Mixed  declension  of  adjectives).       90 
XXXV.    ^ic  SSac^t  am  Oi^icin  (i)  (Review;  word  formation 

-tg,  -bar) 93 

XXXVI.    @tn  Sricf;  SSanbcrfcftaft  (i)  (Inseparable  and  separa- 
ble verbs;  verbs  with  dative;   prepositions  with 

genitive) 95 

XXXVII.    ^cr  trcuc  ^unb   (Inseparable   and  separable  verbs 

concluded) 98 


CONTENTS  XIU 

PAGE 

XXXVIII.    ^er  ^unb  mxt  bcm  fJIcifd^C  (Subjunctive  of  indirect 

speech  and  question) 102 

XXXIX.    a3ncf  motit)t^  an  ©critter  (Subjunctive  of  ideal  con- 
dition; possibility;  wish) 105 

XL.    ^ie  (Sc^ulcn  (Modal  auxiliaries) 107 

XLI.    @tlc  tnit  SScilc  (Modal   auxiliaries;   irregular   weak 

verbs) no 

XLII.    ^rct  Srcunbc  (Passive  voice) 114 

XLIII.    ^ic  f)dt)txcn  ©c^fulcn  ^cutfdftlanb^  (Passive  voice)     .  117 
XLIV.    ^ie  ^cutWcn  in  5tmettfa  (Passive  and  substitutes 

for  passive  voice) 120 

XLV.    ^Ctttfc^knb  itbcr  mc§  (Review) 124 

XL VI.    ^cutfc^lanb^  ©tcttung  in  bcr  SBcltltiirtWaft  (Passive 

voice  concluded) 126 

Supplementary  Reading 131 

Reproductions 138 

Grammatical  Tables    •   •   .   ,   • .   .   o   .    «  143 

Abstract  of  German  Grammar 174 

Songs • -«...  179 

Vocabulary 197 


Longitude 


14°       East  from       16°  Greenwich  18^ 


BEGINNERS'   GERMAN 

INTRODUCTORY 
/C  ALPHABET 


SMALL  LETTERS 
Print                  Script 

CAPITAL 
Print 

LEITERS 
Script 

Naue 

a      a 

^1^2^   ^r^ 

A 

21 

a 

ah- 

b      b 

J 

B 

33 

^ 

bay 

c      c 

.^ 

C 

S 

^ 

tsay 

d      b 

^ 

D 

S 

^ 

day 

e       c 

.^^^ 

E 

(g 

ay 

f       f 

F 

% 

eff 

g      9 
h      I) 

•               * 
1              I 

G 
H 
I 

3 

,gay 

hah 
ee 

j     i 
k     t 

4 

J 
K 

3f 

& 

yot 
kah 

1     I 

J 

L 

S 

^ 

eU 

m     m 

\.^/^ 

M 

2« 

w 

emm 

n      n 

.^/^ 

N 

91 

X 

enn 

0         0 

^€r 

0 

O 

^ 

oh 

ST.  i:      ^  V  : :«':  -REGinners    German 
: :  5kaji:;i^TTERs:  r,  ,  }         capital  letters 

•  •?«»»*  *  '''       Script'     '  Print  Script  Name 

p       p  j^  P        ^  ^  pay 

q       q  -^  Q       O      '^  koo 


^ 


r  r  y^e^  R  91  ^i^  err 

S  f8  .^^^^  S  ©  ^  ess 

t  t  ^  1  %  ^  tay 

u  u  .^  U  U  ^^  oo 

V  to  ^  V  SB  /29  fow 

w  to  ..^  W  2B  ^y^  vay 

XI  ^  XX  ^r  iks 

y  ^  ^?^  Y  g)  ,<V^  ipsilon 

z  J  ^?^  Z  3  "^  tset 


COMPOUND  CONSONANTS 

Print  Script  Print  Script  Print  Script 


^  J  ff  #  ^ 


\^  ^M  %■  ^  ^"^ 


MODIFIED  VOWELS  (Umlttute) 


beginners'   GERMAN 


D e ut sc he    L au tt af el 

(System  Vie  tor) 

Lippenkute 

Zahnlaute 

Vorder-      Hinter- 

Gaumenlaute 

KeUkite 

1 

po 

td 

kg 

» 

r 

m 

II 

n 

1 

fv 

szJ5 

?j 

xg 

h 

r 

R 

1 

1 

( ) 
( ) 
( ) 
( ) 

ley)             (U) 
i(y>         OJ) 
ece).  a  (pj 

ST 

6ttroxnlo3    stimmhaft      nasal 


TABLE  OF  GERMAN  SOUNDS 

.    (VIETOR   SYSTEM) 

EXPLANATIONS  AND  EXAMPLES 

(The  phonetic  spelling  used  is  that  of  the  Association  Phonetique  Inter- 

nationale) 

In  the  Table  the  German  sounds  are  represented  — 

(i)  in  the  vertical  columns  —  according  to  the  place  of 
articulation,  in  natural  order,  viz.,  lips,  teeth,  hard  palate 
(front),  soft  palate  (back),  throat; 

(2)  in  the  horizontal  columns  —  according  to  the  form 
of  articulation,  the  breath  passage  being  (a)  completely 


4  beginners'    GERMAN 

closed,  or  (b)  considerably  narrowed,  or  (c)  left  compara- 
tively open,  in  the  place  of  articulation. 

Characters  representing  voiced  sounds  are  printed  in 
red,  characters  representing  nasal  sounds  are  printed 
in  green.  In  German  all  nasal  sounds  are  at  the  same 
time  voiced. 

A.   SOUNDS  WITH  CLOSURE  OR  NARROWING  OF 
BREATH  PASSAGE  — CONSONANTS 

I.  WITH  CLOSURE  — STOPPED  CONSONANTS 

I.  Lip  Consonants  (Lip  and  Lip) 
p,  voiceless  — Jgein,  JRau^c,  a6.     b,    voiced  —  JBctn,  rauBen. 

m,  nasal— tnein,nel)men,um. 

2.  Teeth  Consonants  (Tongue  and  Teeth) 
t,  voiceless  —  Xkx,  leiten,  leib.      d,  voiced  —  bit,  Iciben. 

n,  nasal  — nciti,  h)of)tten, 

3.  Back  Consonants  (Tongue  and  Soft  Palate) 
k,  voiceless  —  Kartc,  qualen  g,  voiced  —  ®arten     (fd^n)ei' 

(3Bcg,  Jagi).  fien,  tragenO. 

I),  nasal  —  ftngen,  lang. 

4.  Throat  Consonant  (Vocal  Chords) 
?,  voiceless — ('*)alt. 

II.  WITH  NARROWING  — NARROW  CONSONANTS 

I.  Lip  Consonants  (Lower  Lip  and  Upper  Teeth) 
f ,  voiceless  —  f af)ren,   lauf en,       v,  voiced  —  SSarcn,  cUiig. 
auf. 

*  In  North  and  Middle  German  pronunciation  finally  and  medially  the 
narrow  consonants  g  and  x,  j  and  g  are  generally  used:  see  II,  3,  4. 


BEGINNERS     GERMAN  g 

2.  Teeth  Consonants  (Tongue  and  Teeth) 
Thin  {Thin  Breath  Passage) 
s,  voiceless  —  *®fisse/  reiften,       z,  voiced  —  See,  reifeu* 

Broad  {Broad  Breath  Passage) 
J,  voiceless  —  Stein,  iDaf^en,        *3,  voiced  —  *goumat, 
gifc^.  *Sogi^, 

Trilled  {Vibration  of  Tongue  Point) 

r,  voiced  —  rauf),  (Sf)re,  toal^t^ 
Divided  {Passage  on  Both  Sides  of  Tongue  Point) 

I,  voiced  —  iau,  fef)Ien,  Xdl. 
3.  Front  Consonants  (Tongue  and  Hard  Palate) 
9,  voiceless — *6^einie,  rcid^en,     j,  voiced  —  ja  (fd^tDeigen). 
(SBcg). 

4.  Back  Consonants  (Tongue  and  Soft  Palate) 
X,  voiceless  — fud^cn  (Jag)»  g,  voiced  —  (tragen)* 

Trilled  {Vibration  of  Uvula) 

R,  voiced  —  (rauf),  gj^re^ 
tt)af)r), 

5.  Throat  Consonant  (Vocal  Chords) 
h,  voiceless  —  ^alt*  . 

B.  SOUNDS  WITH  OPENING  OF  BREATH 
PASSAGE  — VOWELS 

All  voiced.    The  opening  is  between  the  tongue  and  the  palate.    Sounds 
with  lip  rounding  are  indicated  in  the  Table  by  (). 

I.   Front  Vowels 
1:,  long  —  i^n,  ?tcbc,  tDtc.  i,  short  —  in,  ?ippe, 

e:,  long  —  @]^re,  Qcben,  ®c^nce. 

^  An  asterisk  indicates  words  or  sounds  not  originally  German. 


6  BEGINNERS     GERMAN 

e:,  long  — Sl^rc,  gabcn,  *^alat§,        e,  short  — effcn,  §finbc* 
*e:,^  long,  nasal  —  Saffiti,  terrain. 

Rounded 
y:,  long  — iibel,  ^uit.  y,  short  — iippig,  §uttc. 

g:,  long  —  Ofcn,  ©iJt)ne, 
*§,  long,  nasal  —  3Serbun,  S^rente*      ©,  short  —  ijffncn,  SWiJnd^^ 

Ct^Utt, 

2.  Mixed  Vowels  (Intermediate  between  Front  and 

Back) 

8,  short  —  gcnug,  S3ittc, 
a:,  long  — 3{al,  Iaf)Tn,  ba.  a,  short  — all,  gamnt. 

*a:,  long,  nasal  — Stoucn,  Sf)ancc. 

3.  Back  Vowels 
All  Rounded 
u:,  long  — Ufcr,  9Kut,  bu.  u,  short  — unten,  abutter, 

o:,  long  —  ul^nc,  tDO^I,  fo, 
*o;,  long,  nasal  —  SaHon,  o,  short  — offen,  SBDrt, 

Dephthgngs 
ai:,  eicf,  tictu,  aJJat^ 
au:,  Stugc,  ?auf,  blau. 
oy:,  cuer,  ISuten,  §cu. 

*  Nasal  vowels  in  North  German  pronunciation  are  usually  replaced  by 
the  corresponding  non-nasal  short  vowels  followed  by  ji,  e.g.  Baffin  = 
^affcng,  ^crbtttt=3$crbdng,  ^oueii=9?ouanfi,  58allo«=©atlong. 


V 


€rfte  2Iuf gabe  , 

Stc^tung!  ©ie  ftebcn  %^^t  bcr  SBod^c  ftnb:  bcr  SD^ontag, 
©ten^ta^g,  9Kittood^,  ©onner^tag,  greitag^ 
©onnabcnb  ober  ©am^tag  unb  ber  ©onntag^ 

^iejjrage    SBeld^cr  Jag  i[t  ^eute?   2Ba^  ift  f)cutc? 
ift: 

SStt!^  ift  bie  ^cute  ift  9)Jontag  (or  respective  day  of  the 
Slnthiort?         week). 

(2)ai^)         2Ba^  ift  morgcn? 
^tctulcin  3t.! 

2)ie3tnt^      aWorgen  ift  ©ien^tag* 
ttiart  ift: 

(2)er)  SBa^  tt)irb  ilbermorgcn  fcin? 

2)ie  2lnt*      llbcrmorgen  n)irb  9)Jittn)0($  fein^ 
niort  ift:       gg^^  ^i^.^  iiberiibermorgen  fein? 

SBeld^c  SSagc  tDerben  morgcn  unb  iibermorgen  fetn? 

SBa^  tDar  geftern? 

2Ba^  tDar  Dorgcftem? 

SBa^  n)ar  t)ori)orgeftem? 

SBelc^e  S^age  tDaren  geftern  unb  borgeftem? 

3ft  Iieute  ©ien^tag? 

9lein,  mein  ^err,  f)eute  ift  nid^t  ©ien^tag,  fon* 
bern  9Jfontag, 

SBar  geftern  aWittlDod^? 

SBirb  morgen  35ien^tag  fein? 

3a,  mein  §err,  morgen  toirb  S)ien^tag  fein* 

7 


8 


BEGINNERS     GERMAN 


Slaffc! 
Slttc  su- 
fammen! 

©agcn  Sic: 

Slc^tung! 

Scrncn: 


famtncn! 

©tJtcrficn 
®ie  taut! 


aSa^  ift  Iieutc? 

aSann  tear  ©onntag?  etc. 

S)a^  ©prid^tDort  ift:  Seffer  f)cutc  al^  morgen. 

9}Jorgen,  morgen,  nur  nid^t  f)eutc, 
©pred^en  alte  faulen  Scute.  — 
S)a^  ift  aud^  etn  ®prid^n)ort. 

©ie  finb  nid^t  faulc  geute.    9icin,  ©ie  finb  fleifeig! 

aSeffer  f)cute  al^  rrtorgen. 

©ie  miiffen  taut  nub  nid^t  leife  fpred^en! 

^arl  fprid^t  laut, 

gri^  fprid^t  lauter, 

^einrid^  fprid^t  am  lauteften. 

glifabetf)  fprid^t  leife, 

Slnna  fprid^t  leifer, 

ajtargarete  fprid^t  am  leifeften* 


PRETERIT 

geftem,  etc. 
tDar  —  maren 
©onntag,  etc. 

MASCULINE 

bcr  Tlontaq,  etc. 
§err 


NOTE 

PRESENT 

f)eute 
ift  — finb 
SKontag 

FEMININE 

bic  2lufgabe 
Sld^tung 
grage 
SlnttDort 
Slaffc 


FUTURE 

morgeti,  etc. 

tDirb,  tDerben  .  .  .  fein 

©ien^tag,  etc. 

NEUTER 

ha^  graulein 
©prid^iDort 


BEGINNERS'   GERMAN 


^mette  2lufgabe 

©utctt  Xaql  ^\t  bic^  Slufgabc  ein^?   ^ft  bie^  Scftion  cin^? 

yidn,  mein  ^err,  bic^  ift  ntd^t  Slufgabe  ein^,  fon- 
bcm  Slufgabc  itdtl 

Sltaffe!         ^tc  SBod^c  l^at  fteben  Sage. 

SBclci^e^  [tub  bie  [teben  Sage  bet  SBod^e? 

5«iJc^  ©ie  fteben  Sage  ber  SBod^e  finb:  ber  9Wontag,  etc. 

einmal!        @ieben  Sage  finb  in  ber  SBod^e. 

©ieben  Sage  bilben  (mac^en)  bie  SBod^e^ 

Stc^tung!      9Wontag  ift  ein  Sag, 

SKontag  unb  S)ien6tag  finb  jtijei  Sage, 
9Kontag,  ©ien^tag  unb  9Kitttt)0(^  finb  brei  Sage, 
aWontag,  ©ien^tag,  99?ittn)0(^  unb  ©onner^tag 

finb  bier  Sage, 
SDZontag,  ©ien^tag,  9Witttt)od^,  !Donner^tag  unb 

greitag  finb  fiinf  Sage, 
aWontag,  ©ien^tag,  Mttmod^,  ©onner^tag,  grei^ 

tag  unb  ©onnabenb  finb  fed^6  Sage, 
aWontag,  ©ien^tag,  9}Jittn)0(^,  ©onner^tag,  grei^ 
tag,  ©onnabenb  unb  ©onntag  finb  fieben  Sage* 
S)er  aWontag  ift  ber  erfte  Sag  ber  SBo($e, 
©ien^tag  ift  ber  jlDeite  Sag  ber  SBod^e, 
2)?itttD0(^  ift  ber  britte  Sag  ber  SBoc^e, 
©onner^tag  ift  ber  Dierte  Sag  ber  SBod^e, 
greitag  ift  ber  fiinfte  Sag  ber  SBod^e, 
©onnabenb  ift  ber  fed^fte  Sag  ber  SBod^e, 
©onntag  ift  ber  fiebte  unb  lefete  Sag  ber 
2Bo(^e. 


lO 


beginners'   GERMAN 


etnmal! 


Slrfitutig! 


9(uStt)enbtg 
Icrncn: 


tlaffc! 


5(u!gtoettbtg 
(ernen: 


Jld^tung! 


SBcId^c^  ift  bcr  crftc  Jag  bcr  SBod^cpi  etc. 
©cftcrn  tdax  9Kontag,  bcr  erftc  Jag  bcr  SBod^c, 
9Worgcn  iDirb  ajJittmoc^  [citi,  bcr  brittc  Jag  bcr 
SBod^c,  etc. 

!J)a^  t[t  bk  crftc  5tci{)C  obcr  bic  crftc  ©ruppc, 
©a^  ift  bic  jtDcitc  9Jcif)C  obcr  bic  jtDcitc  ©ruppc,  etc. 
S)a^  finb  jtDci,  brci,  etc.,  9Jcif)cn  obcr  ©ruppcn. 
2,  4,  6  finb  gcrabc  3^^^^^^ 
1,  3,  5,  7  finb  ungcrabc  S^W^* 

(Snbc  gut,  altc^  gut. 

(Srft  bic  Slrbcit,  bann  ba^  ©picL— 

J)a6  finb  stDci  ©prid^toortcr. 

®ic  finb  gut,  ®ic  finb  nic^t  fd^Icd^t! 
©ic  arbcitcn  gut  unb  f)3iclcn  nid^t! 
SBann  fommt  bic  Strbcit?    Unb  bann? 

yiimm  bcnn  frifd^  bic  Slrbcit  auf 

2tn  ben  SBcrfcItagcn, 

Unb  bu  tDirft,  id^  n)cttc  brauf  (I  bet  on  it), 

grol^cn  ©onntag  l^abcn. 

5lIIc  Jagc  aufecr  ©onntag  finb  SBcrftagc  obcr  SBer^ 

fcltagc. 
©ic  lad^cn:  ©ic  finb  frot)  unb  nid^t  traurig; 
©ic  finb  frifd^  unb  nid^t  nttibc! 


Declension:  bic  SBod^e,  in  the  Singular. 

Nominative 

Accusative 

Genitive  bcr  SBod^e 

Dative  bcr  SBod^c 


bic  SBod^e 


^    Let  the  individual  pupils  repeat  the  questions  of  the  teacher  so 
as  to  become  accustomed  to  asking  questions. 


beginners'   GERMAN  II 

Decline:  bie  Slufgabc,  bie  gragc,  bic  SlnttDort,  bic  Sld^tung,  bic 
Piaffe,  bie  SReifie,  bie  ©ruppe,  bie  Slrbcit, 

E.g. 

N.  ^ie  SIrbeit  ift  gut. 

G.  35ie  3:age  bcr  Slrbeit  finb  SBerftage* 

Z).  S3ei  bcr  Slrbeit  lernen  ®ie  fleifeig. 

A,  3)ie  Seute  fc^reiben  bie  Slrbeit  frifc^  unb  fro^* 

Of  what  gender  are  these  nouns? 
Do  they  change  in  the  singular? 
How  can  you  tell  nouns  in  German? 


Dritte  2lufgabe 

Seien  ®ie    S)a^  ift  ba^felbe  tt)ie  ^^Hc^tung." 

aufmetl-       (gi^  miiffen  aufmerffam  fein,  nid^t  unaufmerffam, 
fftttt! 

tkffe!         2)a^  3a^r  ^at  imi\  momtt. 

SDie  gtnolf  9Wonate  be;^  ^df)xt^  finb: 

ber  ^anuar,  gebruar,  Mixvi,  Slpril,  9)?ai,  3funi, 

^xili,  Sluguft,  September,  Oftober,  S^obember, 

©ejember. 
3n  bem  ^af)r  finb  jtDoIf  9Wonate» 
3tt)oIf  a)?onate  bilben  ba^  ^ai)v. 
®er  ^ctnuar  ift  ein  Tlonat 
©er  3<Jnuar  unb  ber  gebruar  finb  glDci  2)tonate, 

etc. 
8  =  ad^t,  9  =  neun,  10  =  gel^n, 
11  =  elf,  12  =  itobll 
S)er  ^anuar  ift  ber  erfte  9Konat  be^  ^ai)xt^, 

gebruar  ift  ber  gtDeite  9Konat  be^  ^al^re^,  etc. 
Sluguft  ift  ber  ac^te  2Konat  be^  3txt)re^^ 


12 


BEGINNERS'   GERMAN 


Icmcn: 


SBtcber* 
f^oUn  Sic 
ba^! 


©cptcmber  ift  bcr  neuntc  Tlonat  bc6  3cif)rc^, 
Oftober  ift  ber  gcl^nte  9Konat  be^  3af)re^, 
Jiobember  ift  bcr  elfte  9Wonat  be^  3^a^re^, 
©ejember  ift  ber  jlDoIfte  2Wonat  be^  ^cifire^, 
SBeld^e^  ift  ber  erfte  9Konat  be^  3ctf)re^?  ber  Dierte 

aSie  t)iete  2)?onate  Ifiat  ba^  3af)r? 
S)a^  S'^^t:  ift  lang, 
ber  Sag  ift  furj^ 

©reifeig  lage  f)at  9^ot)ember, 

Slpril,  3uni  unb  ©eptember* 

J^ebruar  l^at  biermal  fieben* 

2lHe,  bie  nod^  iibrig  blieben  (still  remain), 

§aben  einunbbreifeig^ 

!Da^  ift  ba^felbe  tDie  ,,no(^  einrtiaL" 


2(uf^?affeii!    3(^  fd^reibe  e6  an  bie  Jafel* 

Siftiercn!    3^^t  biftiere  ic^  e^S'finen,  ober  id^  gebe  3f)tten  ein 


Piaffe! 
Semen! 


S)iftat! 

SIpril!  aprit! 

S)er  tDeife  nid^t,  n)a^  er  h)ill* 

S'c^  tDcife:  e^  ift  l^eute  Tlitttdod). 
SBeld^e  SKonate  ^abeti  30  Sage? 
aSelc^e  arjonate  ^aben  31  Jage? 


Declension:  bae  3a{)r,  in  the  Singular. 
Nominative 


Accusative 

Genitive 

Dative 


be^  S(tf)n^ 
bem  3a]^r(e) 


beginners'   GERMAN  I3 

Decline:  ba^  graulcin,  i>a^  ©prid^mort,  ba^  @nbc,  ba^  ®picl, 
ba^  2)iftat* 

E.g. 

N.     2)a^  ©piel  tft  taut* 

G,     3)ie  Slufgabe  be;^  ®ptel(c)^  tft  btc^, 

Z).     3n  bcm  ©picl  ftnb  ®prt(|n3drter  entfialten  (contained). 

A.    (Sic  lemen  ba^  ®piel  gut* 

Of  what  gender  are  these  nouns? 
Are  the  natural  and  the  grammatical  gender  of  nouns 
identical  in  German?    Illustrate. 


Dterte  2Iufgabc 

Sluf^jaffctt!   J)a^  ^af)x  ^at  bier  Qaf)xt^dttn. 

3)ie  t)ier  ^ai)xt^dttn  finb  ober  l^ei^en: 

ber  gruf)Iing,  ber  ©ommer, 

ber  ^erbft  unb  ber  SBinter* 
SBie  l^eifeen  bie  tiier  ^a^vt^txUn? 
9Bie  tieifeen  ©ie? 

fSxttCf  ©ie  mil[feti  beutlid^  unb  genau  fpred^en,  nid^t  fo 

beutac^  au§^^     uubeutlic^  unb  ungenau! 
f^jtedjen.      ^,^  ^^.^^  ^^^^^^^  ^^^  englifc^? 

^erbft  tieifet  auf  englifd^  fall  (harvest). 

2)anfe!        S)a6  ift  red^t,  ba^  ift  rid^tig,  nid^t  falfd^* 
SBeld^e  ^a^re^jeit  ift  je^t? 
Sefet  ift  e^  §er6ft. 
Sft  e^  iefet  aSinter? 
9^ein,  mein  §err,  iefet  ift  e6  nid^t  SBinter,  fonbern 

§erbft* 
2BeId^e  S'cifire^seit  mar  t)orf)er? 


14  beginners'   GERMAN 

SBelc^c  ^af)xt^idt  tdivb  na^^tv  fein? 

2Bie  t)iele  ^ai)xt^idtm  gibt  e^? 

SBie  Dielc  3^af)re^seiten  f)a6en  tDir? 

^n  n)eld^er  ^ai)xt^dt  leben  tDir? 

SBtr  leben  im  (in  bem)  §erbft» 

3)er  gruf)Img  ift  bie  erfte  ^'aJire^aeit, 

ber  ©ommer  ift  bie  jiDcite  Qai)xt^dt,  etc. 

SWftrs,  Slpril  unb  max  finb  bie  brei  grii^Iinge- 

monate, 
^uni,  3uli  unb  Sluguft  finb  bie  brei  ©ommer^ 

monate, 
©eptember,  Oftober  nnb  5yiot)ember  finb  bie  brei 

^erbftmonate, 
©ejember,  -3anuar  unb   gebruar  finb  bie  brei 

3Bintermonate» 

3lod^  2)er  §erbft  ift  bie  britte  3ctf)re^jeit 

einmal!        <T)ic  ^eit  be^  ^txh\tt^  bauert  t)on  (September  bi^ 
9lot)ember* 
SBir  finb  iefet  im  (in  bem)  §erbft* 
September,  Oftober  unb   9Jot)ember  bilben  im 
§erbft. 

Semen  ©ie  gnil^Iing,  ©ommer,  ^erbft  unb  SBinter 
bie^  au^=      ©inb  be^  guten  ©otte^  ^inber, 
^*        SBringen  un^  be^  ©uten  biel: 
S3Iumen,  ^Jriid^te,  frof)e^  ©pieL 

St^tung!      SBir  alte  finb  bie  ^inber  ©otte^,  be^  SSater^. 
Slumen  unb  J^tiic^te  finb  im  ©arten* 
@^  gibt  t)iele  S3Iumen  unb  griic^te  im  ©arten;  fie 

mad^fen  im  ©arten* 
®ie  Stofe  ift  eine  S3Iume;  bie  Suipe  ift  aud^  eine 


beginners'   GERMAN  1 5 

SBtc  l^eifet  alfo  S3Iumc  auf  englifd^? 

S)er  Slpfel  tft  einc  grud^t;  bie  Mdont  ift  aud^  cine 

grud^t 
SBie  fieifet  alfo  grud^t  auf  englifd^? 
9?ennen  ©ie  mir  33Iumen  unb  griid^tc! 

So  iff  ^       Saffen  ©ie  e^  gut  fetn! 
rec^t! 

Declension:  bcr  ^erbft,  in  the  Singular. 

Nominative  bcr  §crbft 

Genitive  bc^  ^crbftc^ 

Dative  bcm  §crbft(c) 

Accusative  ben  §erbft 

Decline:  bcr  Sag,  bcr  9Kontag,  etc.,  bcr  SBcrftag, 

bcr  9Wonat,  bcr  3anuar,  etc.,  bcr  griil)Ung;  etc., 
bcr  ®ott,  bcr  3Satcr,  bcr  @artcn» 

E.g. 

N.  S)cr.  crftc  Jag  bcr  SBod^c  fiei^t  9Wontag* 

G.  S)ic  2lrbcit  be^  Sagc^  ift  grofe. 

D.  2ln  bem  (ant)  2:agc  fd^Iafcn  bie  flcincn  Sinbcr^ 

A.  SBir  ncnncn  ben  crftcn  SBod^cntag  9Wontag* 

Of  what  gender  are  the  names  of  the  days,  of  the 
months,  and  the  seasons? 

WORD    FORMATION 
What  is  the  force  of  the  prefix  un-? 

Ungcnau  ift:  nid^t  gcnan, 
unbcutUd^  tft:  nid^t  bcutlid^, 
unaufmcrffant  ift:  nid^t  aufmcrffam* 

Do  we  have  the  same  prefix  in  English? 


i6 


beginners'   GERMAN 


Stc^tung! 


2lnfangcn 
(Scginnen): 


fjortfal^rett 
(3Beitcr): 


^tinfte  2lufgabe 

(g^  tft  talt  im  SBinter,  &  [riert,  unb  e6  fcfineit  oft. 
5)cr  SBinter  tft  ein  armcr  9Wann»  @r  bringt  feme 
33Iumen  unb  feme  griid^te,  er  bringt  aber  frobe^ 
©piel    2)er  aSmter  ift  ba^  @nbe  be^  3abre^, 

3tn  grilbling  tft  e^  mtlb.  &  ift  im  grilblittg 
f(i^6ner  al^  im  aBittter* 

3?m  ©ommer  ift  e^  toavm,  oft  fefir  b^ife*  ®^t: 
©ommer  ift  reid^^  (Sr  brittgt  utt^  Diele  Slumeti 
uttb  grild^te,    (£^  bli^t  unb  bonnert  oft* 

3m  ^erbft  ift  e^  fiibl.  3)ie  guft  ift  tilbL  (S^  ift 
fd^on,  tDenn  bie  ©onne  fd^eint.  @^  regnet  oft, 
toenn  bie  Sonne  nid&t  fd^eint,  J)ann  ift  ba^ 
aSetter  fd^Ied^t;  bann  ift  e^  fd&Ied^te^  SBetter. 

3n  ^eld^er  ^af)xt^dt  gibt  e^  feine  53Iumen? 

aSa^  bringt  ber  SBinter? 

SBann  ift  e^  fait? 

SBie  ift  ber  aSinter? 

aSann  friert  e^  unb  fd^neit  e^? 

aSarum  friert  e^? 

aSie  ift  e^  im  griifiling?  etc. 


Semen  ®te  ^m  aSinter,  tomn  e6  frieret, 
au^ttienbig:  3^  aSinter,  toenn  e^  fd^neit, 

S)ann  ift  ber  aSeg  gur  ©d^ule 

gurtt)a{)r  no(^  'mal  fo  toeit  (fiirtoafir,  indeed). 

Unb  tDenn  ber  ^udfudE  rufet, 

®ann  ift  ber  grill^Iing  ba, 

®cmn  ift  ber  aSeg  gur  ©d^ule 

gllrn)af)r  nod^  ^md  fo  naf). 


beginners'   GERMAN  1 7 

3Ber  a6cr  gernc  lemet, 
©em  ift  fein  SBeg  iu  fern; 
^m  SStnter  tok  im  grlifiling 
®ef)t  er  ^ur  ©d&ule  gem* 

Hoffmann  tjon  galler^Icbcn, 

au^tnenbig   9?ebcn  ift  ©ilber, 
lernen:         ©c^tDeigen  ift  ®oIb.— 

9teben  fieifet  fprcd^en;  fd^tDcigen  f)eifet:  nid^t  reben^ 

NOTE 

Are  predicative  adjectives  declined? 

Do  the  names  of  the  days,  months,  and  seasons  require  the 
definite  article  in  English?   In  German? 

IMPERSONAL    VERBS 

6^  friert,  c^  fd^ncit,  e^  Uii^t,  c^  bonncrt,  c6  regnct. 
What  do  these  five  impersonal  verbs  express? 

ORDER    OF    WORDS 

I.    @^  ift  fait  im  SBintcr.    (Normal.) 
II.    3m  grilf)Iing  ift  e^  milb,    (Inverted.) 
III.^  ®  ift  fd^on,  menu  bic  ©onne  l^eH  fd^cint.  (Dependent.) 

Interchange  the  normal  and  the  inverted  order  in  I  and  II. 
What  kind  of  clauses  or  sentences  are  they? 

Change  III  into  two  independent  clauses  of  I. 

Combine  I  and  II  into  a  sentence  of  type  III  by  using  the 
subordinating  conjunction  tDttl^renb  (while). 

Notice:  SBcnn  bic  ©onnc  fcftcint,  ift  c«  fd^aneS  SScttcr. 
(ad^cint  bic  ©onnc,  fo  ift  c«  fci^dneg  SSettcr. 

Note  that  the  German  uses  a  comma  before  and  after  a  dependent 
clause. 


1 8  beginners'   GERMAN 

WORD    FORMATION 

Kalt  0i6t  bic  mUt, 
tdavm  Gibt  bic  SBiirmc, 
ntilb  gibt  bic  SKilbc, 
fu{)I  gibt  bic  tii^lc. 

Of  what  gender  are  these  nouns  ending  in  -e,  which  are  de- 
rived from  adjectives? 


Sed?fte  2tufgabc 

(Review) 

53affen  ©ic  §cutc  Icrncn  tDir  cin  bcutfd^c^  Sicb,  cin  SSoIMicb* 

^«t^  a«an  ftngt  cin  Sicb, 

S)a^  Sicb  l^cifet:  O  S:anticnba«m. 

O  2:anncnbaum,  o  Zanncnbaum, 
SBic  trcu  finb  bcinc  iBIattcr! 
'^u  griinft  nid^t  nur  jur  ©omntcrgcit, 
9^cin,  aud^  im  SBintcr,  tDcnn  c^  fd^ncit^ 
O  Sanncnbaum,  o  Slanncnbaum, 
2Bic  trcu  finb  bcinc  flatter! 

yiitilt  faut    S)cr  lanncnbaum  t)cifet  auf  cnglifd^  the  fir-tree, 
fcin! 

mm  trage  Xrcu  ^cifet  ,,ni(^t  falf(^.'' 

(dn!  SBcId^c^  anbcrc  SBort  ficifet  auc^:  nid^t  falfd^? 

(gin  33aum  t)at  SBIctttcr,  Dicic  33Iattcr,  bic  griin  finb. 

©inb  fie  blau  obcr  rot? 

®ic  33Iattcr  finb  nid^t  blau,  fonbcm  griin. 

3)a6  ®ra6  ift  griin. 

©inb  bic  33Iattcr  bc6  Sanncnbaunt^  griin? 

3^atnot)I,  bic  SBIcittcr  bc6  Sanncnbaum^  finb  griin. 


beginners'   GERMAN  1 9 

3ft  ber  S^annenbaum  grofe  ober  ficin? 

S)ie  S3I(itter  ht^  Sannenbaunt^  l^eifecn  9labcln* 

©riint  ber  3:annenbaum  nur  gur  (ju  ber)  ®om^ 

mergeit? 
©d^neit  e^  tm  SBtnter? 
©d^neit  e^  aud^  tm  ©ommer? 
griert  e^  oft  tm  ©ommer? 
3^ft  bte  guft  im  SBtnter  Mt  ober  tDarm? 

SBetfte^cn     SBtr  berftet)en  ba^  8teb* 

Sie  ba^ 

2icb? 

Sefen  Sie     SBtr  lefen  e^  jefet* 
t^  je^t! 

Sc^t  fingctt  S)te  9KeIobte  ift  letd^t,  ntc^t  fd^toer^ 

ttiit  bai^ 

£ieb. 

Semen  Sie  2lCe  milffett  ba^  Steb  ftttgen! 
ej^  au)^' 
Hjenbig ! 

JBu(^=  Qd)  buc^ftabtere  (spell) 

ftabieren!  S3aum  — S3  a  u  m 

treu  —  t  r  e  u 
tttein  —  n  e  t  n 
How  many  diphthongs  are  there  in  German? 

Slufvaffen!    ®efunbt)ett  ift  ba^  f)od^fte  ®ut 

Semen:        ®efunbf)eit  ift  beffer  al^  ^ranfl^eit  (sickness). 

WORD    FORMATION 

©efunbl^eit  beifet  gefunb  fein* 

9Ba^  betfet  tranfbeit?  bie  gautbeit? 

What  is  the  force  of  the  noun-suffix  -l^eit? 
What  is  the  gender  of  nouns  ending  in  -beit? 


20  beginners'   GERMAN 


Stebte  2lufgabe 

Seien  Sie    SBir  ftnb  aufmcrffam. 

aufmer!=       j  ^  ^[^^  g^^.  2  t[t  aud^  cine  3«^I/  ^tne  anbere 

3,  4  unb  5  ftnb  brei  S^W^* 
Sa^Ien  Sic  t)tm  cin^  W^  sttJdIf ! 
@<jrcrf|Ctt  Sic  laut  unb  bcutlid^! 

5Paffcn  Sic  3c^  gafite  meiter  Don  13  bi^  30: 

^^^*  breijcl^n,  t)ierse{)n,  fiinfjel^n,  fed^jel)n,  [tebsel^n, 

ad^tjefin,  nennjef)n,  gtDanjtg,  etnunbjtDan* 
gig,  stDciunbstDanjig,  etc.,  nennnnbjh)anjig, 
breifeig. 

9lo(^  cin*     ®a^  ift  genng* 

mal,  6ittc!   ^j^^^en  ®ie  fc^nell,  ni($t  langfam. 

Slc^tung !      granlein  %.  ift  cin  Sl^abd^en. 
max  58.  ift  cin  ^nabe. 

Stt^Icn  Sic  bic  Snabcn  unb  bic  SSJlSb^cn! 

3)ie  ^naben  ftnb  meine  ©(filler;  fie  gel^en  in  bic 

©d^ule, 
S)ie  aJJctbd^en  finb  meine  ©d^itlerinnen. 
SBie  t)iele  ©d^iiler  f)abe  id)  t)ier? 
©ie  l^aben  .  .  .  f)ier. 
SBie  t)iele  ©ci^ulerinnen  finb  bort? 
3(^  bin  ber  Sefircr,  unb  graulein  ©mitf)  ift  eine 

Sef)rerin. 
3^c^  le^re  ®ie  S)entfd^. 
SBir  finb  greunbe;  tt)ir  t)alten  grennbfd^aft. 


BEGINNERS     GERMAN  21 

Staffe!        ®a^  tft  ba^  mi). 

®tefe^  iBud^  tft  rot,  bic  garbe  jenc^  SBud^e^  ift  blau* 
3ebe^  Suc^  f)at  ©citcn,  unb  auf  jeber  ©cite  finb 

3eilcn* 
SBeld^e^  S3u(^  l^abcn  ©ie?   ^[t  c^  rot,  grttn  ober 

blau? 
28tc  t)iele  Siid^er  l^abcn  ®te  l^icr? 
!Da^  ift  eine  leic^tc  Stufgabe;  iefet  aber  cine  fd^toerc 

Slufgabc,  fcine  cinfad^e* 
SBcId^er  SOJonat  ^at  icbc^  t)ierte  3a^r  29  Sage? 
3d&  Scil^Ie  nun  bic  3^^ncr: 

jefin  fed^iig 

itoanm  ftebjig 

breifetg  ad^tjig 

Dicrsig  neungig 

filnf jig  l^unbcrt  [tanfenb] 

Sagen  Sie  ba^  ©inmalcim^  l^cr! 

3*  «^  (aunt  SeifpicI): 

1x8  =  8  einntd  ad^t  ift  ail)t, 

2  X  8  =  16  jh)cimal  ad^t  ift  fed^gcl^n, 

3  X  8  =  24  breimal  ad^t  ift  DicmnbjiDanjig,  etc., 
10  X  8  =p  80  gefinntal  ad^t  ift  ad^tjig; 

unb  fo  toeiter  (uftoO* 

Declension:  biefer,  jener,  jcber,  tDcId^er  (manc()er)* 
Singular 

.        \  lebe  ©cite         bicfe^  33ud^  ^  ^!^     ^      ^ 

Ace,    }  ""  '  ^  tDcId^en  9Wonat 

Gen.      iebcr  ©cite        biefe^  Sud^eg  tDcIdfte^  9)?onat(c)^ 

Da/.       iebcr  ©cite        biefent  93ud^(c)  tDcId^cm  9Wonat(c) 

Decline:  biefcr  ©driller,  jene  ©d^iilerin,  jebe^  2W(lbc^cn. 


22  BEGINNERS'   GERMAN 

E.g. 

N.  S)tcfc^  ©ud^  tft  rot. 

G.  ®tc  garbc  bicfe;^  SSud^e^  tft  rot. 

D.  3n  biefcm  93u(^  finb  t)telc  ©citcn. 

^.  SBir  Icfcn  bicfei^  S3ud^  p  Snbc. 

How  are  bicfcr,  iencr,  iebcr,  tocld^cr  declined?    Like  what? 
What  do  you  call  them? 

2ldjte  2lufgabe 
^d^tnnq !      @ic  milffcn  aufpaffen;  ®ic  totxbtn  nic  cttoa^  lemen. 

Semen:  ^Sitter  Slnfang  tft  \^tdtv."  Sa^g  tft  ctn  tteue^ 
©prtd^tDort  fiir  un^,  fein  alte^.  ©er  Slttfattg 
tft  ba^felbc  h)ie  ha^  ^Seginncn. 

^ert  (SA      9Bte  alt  ftttb  ©te? 

©agen  ®tc:  i^  fittt  13  S'al^re  unb  5  SRottate  alt 

Secret  sum  bu  6tft  13  3<if)t:e  uttb  5  aWottatc  alt; 
©c^uler:       i^^  i^t  iung  uttb  tttc^t  alt. 

Center  unb   er  tft  13  ^al^rc  uttb  5  2)?onate  alt; 
^t<»ff^^         fte  (5martf)a)  tft .  .  . 

t§  {ha^  Smabd&en)  tft .  . . 

©eien  ®te    SSir  fittb  fel^r  auftnerffatn* 

fe^r  auf * 

tttet!fattt! 

Secret  jut    t^t  feib  fcl^r  aufnterffam* 
Slaffe: 

Cei^ter  unb    fte  ftnb  aufmcrffant* 
Klaffe: 

aCe  3c^  6tn  auftrterffartt, 

Sufammen!   ^^  jjjft  auftnerffam  uftt). 


BEGINNERS     GERMAN  2$ 

2Btc  alt  ftnb  ©ie  unb  ©ic? 

SBic  alt  fcib  iSf)x  jufammcn? 

2Btc  alt  h)aren  ®ie  le^tc^  3ctf)r? 

SBie  alt  tDcrben  ©ic  ncic^ftc^  3^af)r  fcin? 

Snm  S3cifpiel:  id^  bin  15  ^ai)xt  alt, 
bu  tDarft  14  3al)rc  alt, 
er  tDirb  16  3^al)re  alt  fcin, 
h)ir  [inb  beibc  15  3cil)rc  alt, 
if)x  toaxt  14  S'alirc  alt, 
fie  n)erben  16  3fcil)re  alt  fein» 

©ie  finb  fo  alt  n)ie  er. 

©ie  ftnb  nic^t  fo  alt  n)ie  er. 

©ie  finb  alter  al^  er. 

©ie  finb  ber  altefte  t)on  il^nen. 

923ie  t)iele  ©(filler  finb  f)ier  ober  finb  annjefenb? 

SBie  t)iele  ©driller  finb  nid^t  i)kx  ober  abniefenb? 

Slmerifa  {)at  ie^t  48  ©taaten, 

©entfd^lanb  ^at  26  ©taaten. 

2Sie  t)iele  ©taaten  f)aben  Slmerifa  nnb  S)entfd^lanb 
jnfanxmen? 

„3^tt  ift  ®elb;"  fo  fagt  man. 

3c^  l)abe  biel  3^it,  alfo  ):)abt  id^  and^  t)iel  ®elb» 

5«id^t  toa^r? 
Stimmt  ♦     J)a^  ift  ba^felbe  tt)k:  ift  ba^  rid^tig  (red^t)? 

3fefet  tDollen  toir  red^nen  nnb  ^Red^enanfgaben  lofen* 
2Bir  nel^men  bie  Slbbition  jnerft,  bann  bie  ©nb^ 
traftion,  baranf  bie  aWnltiplifation  unb  jnlefet 
bie  2)it)ifion. 
mbition  an  38 

ber  Safel:  +26 

""64 


24  BEGINNERS     GERMAN 


6  unb  8  ift  14;  tc^  fd^reibe  4 
©inn; 

[  l^in  unb  be^dte  1  int 

1  unb  2  ift  3  unb  3  tft  6.    : 
!Da8  l^etfet  abbicren. 
Slbbtercn  ©ie  btefe  S<^^^t^' 
13           5 

Cie  §rntoort  ift  64. 
7           9 

2           6 

9 

8    . 

4 

4           5 

7 

2 

1 

6           4 

3 

5 

2 

8           9 

4 

3 

5 

3um  S3etft)tel: 

8+6+4+2 

+  1  = 

=  21  uftt). 

<Bubixat' 
tion  an  bet 
Safel: 

- 

974 

■518 

J  my 

456 

8  t)on  4  gel^t  nic^t;  td^  borge  ein^  (S^^^^r); 
8  don  14  ift  6;  1  don  6  ift  5;  5  don  9  ift  4, 
®ie  2Inttt)ort  ift  456. 
J)a^  l^eifet  fubtral^iercn. 

S)ie  9?fuItipIifation  fennen  toir.    SBir  fiaben  ba^ 
Sinmdein^  gelemt  unb  fonnen  ntultipligieren. 

3)tt>tfiott  an  8470  -^  5  =  1694 

bcr  2:afcl:     5  t^  8  ge^t  cinntal;  e^  bleiben  3  iibrig.    3c^  t)oIe  4 

l^erunter. 
5  in  34  gebt  fed^^mal;  4  bleiben  ilbrig.    3d^  f)ole  7 

l^erunter. 
5  in  47  gel^t  9  mal;  e^  bleiben  2.    ^(^  f)oIe  5«uII 

Iierunter. 
5  in  20  gef)t  4  mal. 
S)ie  SlnttDort  ift  1694. 
J)a^  fieifet  bidibieren. 


beginners'   GERMAN  2$ 

SBietiicI  ift:  12  x  12  +  6  -^  15  -  2  =  ? 

S)ie  2lntoort  ift  8. 

^tDoIftnal  jtDoIf  ift  f)unbert  bierunbDicrjig, 
144  unb  (plu^)  fec^^  ift  {)unbert  fiinf jig, 
150  (bidibiert)  burc^  fiinfje^n  ift  gel^ti, 
10  h)cniger  (minu^)  itod  ift  ac^t^ 

Sine  beutfc^e  mart  \)at  100  pfennig. 

(Sin  dollar  f)at  ungefctfir  4  2JJarL 

2Bic  bide  2)?arf  unb  pfennig  finb  $42.30? 

^anbc  ^0^,  ttjcr  cj§  tticife! 

Conjugate  the  present  of  id^  6in,  using  adjectives  and  their 
opposites. 


E.g. 


td^  bin  fleifeig,  totr  finb  fro^, 

bubiftfaul;  Ji^rfeibtraurig; 


fi^r 

\®ii 


®ic  finb  grofe, 
fie  finb  !Iein» 


er  ift  gut, 

fie  (e^)  ift  fc^Ied^t; 

Where  is  the  accent  in  most  foreign  nouns,  e.g.  2Ibbition? 
933o  l^aben  mir  faut  .unb  fro^  gelernt? 

Note  that  t>n  is  used  when  addressing  a  child  (a  relative,  a  friend) ; 
i^r  is  the  plural  of  bu; 

Sic  is  used  when  speaking  to  young  people  and  adults, 
singular  and  plural. 


26  beginners'   GERMAN 


rieunte  2lufgabe 

SBic  Dieic  Sage  f)at  cine  SBod^c? 

(Sine  9Bo(f)e  l^at  [ieben  Xa^t. 

2Kfo,  n)iebielc  Jage  bilbcn  cine  SSod^e? 

9lDd^  ©icben  2^age  bilben  cine  2Bo(^e* 

einmaU        sseld^e^  finb  bie  9Berftage  ciner  SBod^e? 

J)ie  SBerftage  einer  SBod^e  ftnb  .  .  . 

S33ie  t)iele  getertage  finb  in  einet  SBod^e? 

3ti  einer  SBod^e  ift  ein  geiertag* 

Declension:  eine  SBod^e,  Feminine  Singular. 

Nominative  1    ,      .m  ^r 
.         . .      r  ^^^^  SBod^e 
Accusattve   J 

Genitive  einer  SBod^e 

Z>a/iz;e  einer  SBod^e 

Decline:  cine  93Innte,  eine  gmd^t,  eine  ©ontmergeit,  etc.,  eine 
3)ieIobie,  eine  B^W^  eine  ©d^nle,  eine  ©d^illerin,  eine  Sef)rerin,  eine 
garbe,  eine  ©cite,  eine  ^txlt,  eine  $Red^enanfgabe,  eine  2lbbition,  etc., 
eine  Mart,  eine  §anb. 

!Die^  ift  ein  SBeifpiel: 

©ittc  Slume  ift  fd^on, 
!J)ie  33Iatter  einer  Slume  finb  griin. 
3)er  ©driller  gibt  ciner  Stume  9Baffer» 
!©ie  ?e{)rerin  l^at  cine  SBIume^ 

Is  there  any  difference  in  the  declension  of  cine  and  btc? 

SBie  t)iele  9Wonate  l^at  ein  ^al^r? 

gin  ^'al^r  l&at  s^olf  2)?onate» 

SBie  biele  9Konate  bilben  bafier  ein  ^'al^r? 


beginners'   GERMAN  2^ 

StDoIf  9Konate  bilben  ein  ^a^x. 

SSeld^e^  [tub  bie  brei  §erbftmonatc  ctnej^  ^cil^re^? 

(ober:  SBte  l^eifeen  ♦  .  ♦) 
©ic  brei  ^erbftmonate  eine^  3<it)rc^  ftnb  (f)cifeen): 

©eptember,  Oftober  unb  9lot)embcr. 
SBie  t)iele  ^al^re^jeiten  gibt  e^  in  einem  ^a%x^ 
(g^  gibt  Dier  -3af)re^seiten  in  einem  ^(x1)x. 

Declension:  ein  3af)r,  Neuter  Singular. 

Nominative  1    ,    ^^  y 
Accusattve   J 

Genitive  eine^  3af)re^ 

Z>a/zz;e  einem  3al)r 

Decline:  ein  ^inb,  ein  ?ieb,  ein  SBort,  ein  S3Iatt,  ein  9Wabc^en, 
ein  grdulein,  ein  93nd^,  ein  SeifpieU 

All  nouns  in  d^en  and  letn  (diminutives)  are  of  what  gender? 

S)a^  Slattd&en  ift  ein  fleine^  33Iatt. 

SBa^  ift  ein  Siid^Iein?  ein  ^inbd^en? 

What  difference  is  there  between  ha^  and  etn  in  the 
declension? 

^icr  ift  ein  S3eifpiet: 

@in  Sinb  ift  inng» 
5)ie  (gitern  dnt§  SinbeS  finb  alt* 
3?(^  gebe  einem  ^tnb  ba^  ^ud). 
3c^  t)erftef)e  ein  Ktnb  fe{)r  gnt. 

Slufge^jafet!  S)er  SSater  nnb  bie  SKntter  finb  bie  (SItern  eine^ 

^inbe^, 
S)ie  SItern  nnb  (bie)  ^inber  bilben  eine  gamilie* 
S)er  SSater  ift  ein  aWann,  aber  bie  9Wntter  ift  eine 

i^ran, 
©er  58mber  ift  ein  ^nabe,  aber  bie  ©c^tDefter  ift 

ein  aWcibd&en. 


28  beginners'   GERMAN 

Sin  ^inb  ift  cntrt)ebcr  cin  ^nabc,  bcr  ©ol^n;  obcr 

cin  9Kdbd^en,  bie  Xo^ttx. 
2Bte  biele  S3ruber  unb  ®(^tt)cftern  l^aben  ©ie? 
iBriibcr  unb  ©d^lDeftern  [tub  ©cfd^tDifter. 
!Ser  ©ruber  meinc^  2?atcr^  obcr  meincr  5D?uttcr 

ift  mein  OnfeL 
©ie  ©(^tDcfter  mcine^  SSater^  obcr  meincr  9Kutter 

ift  mcinc  2^antc. 

Observe  that  the  article,  etc.,  is  repeated  when  the  nouns  differ  in 
gender  or  in  number. 

Semen  Ste  (Sf)rc  j[c^t  bic  Stitcn, 

au^tuenbig:  T)u  bleibft  ni(f)t  ctDig  ^inb; 

®ic  n)arcn,  toa^  bu  bift, 

Unb  bu  tx)irft,  toa^  ftc  finb* 


geljnte  2lufgabe 

9Bic  Dieic  Sage  f)at  cin  9D?onat? 

©in  aKonat  f)at  30  obcr  31  Sage. 

9^cnnc  ben  Xiamen  etne^  9Konat^» 

Sluguft  ift  bcr  9lame  eine^  9Wonat(e)^. 

SBo  tDaren  ©ie  t)ox  einem  3)Jonat  (ago)? 

S?or  einem  9Konat  tdav  id^  in  bcr  ©d^ule. 

28ie  Diele  Jage  bitben  etnen  9Wonat?  , 

30  obcr  31  Sage  bilben  cinen  9Wonat.  | 

Declension:  ein  Wflonat,  Masculine  Singular.  \ 

Nominative  ein  9}?onat 

Genitive  cine^  9Wonat(c)^ 

Dative  einem  9)Jonat(e) 

Accusative  einen  9Wonat 


beginners'   GERMAN  29 

Decline:  cin  2^anncnbaunt,  cm  ©d^iiler,  cm  2t\)xtv,  cin  Slnfang, 
tin  ©taat,  cin  pfennig,  cin  gcicrtag,  cin  S3atcr,  cin  5D?ann,  cin 
S3ruber,  cin  DnfcL 

Sum  SBcifpicl: 

yietd  2)orf  ift  cttt  Staai 

S)ic    Scute  (i8ch)of)ncr)    ctncig    Staate^    l&ci^cn 

SSiirgcr* 
^n  cincm  ^iaait  gibt  c6  bide  ©d^ulcn^ 
S)ie  iBiirger  bilben  ctncn  Staat 
2)a^  bcrftcl^cn  ©ie  bod^? 

23rat>  fcin!    ©ie  miiffen  brad  fein,  b.  ^.  (ha^  ^eifet)  gut  fcin^ 
What  difference  in  the  declension  is  there  between 
ber  unb  cin? 

aSeitcr!        SBie  bide  SBod^cn  l^at  ba^  ^a^r? 
Jie  ganse     T)^^  cv^^^  ^^^  52  SBoc^en. 
*tittffc.         gg.^  ^.^^^  2:age  ^at  cin  ^a^r? 

(gin  ^at)V  f)at  365  Sage. 

9Bie  bide  S^age  finb  aber  in  cincm  ©d^altjal^r? 

3n  cincm  ©d^altiaf)r  finb  366  Sage.    1912  ift  cin 
©d^altjal^r. 

SBie  bide  ©tunben  l^at  cin  lag?    (Sin  2^ag  l^at 
24  ©tunben. 

28ir  l^aben  ie^t  cine  beutfd^e  ©tunbe  bon  10-11  Ul^r. 

SSie  bide  SKinuten  f)at  cine  ©tunbe? 

(Sine  ©tunbe  l^at  60  2)?inuten. 

25on  1-2  (bi^  jtt)ei)  ift  cine  ©tunbe. 

S?on  2-3  ift  hjieber  cine  ©tunbe,  unb  fo  tDcitcr. 

@ine  fialbc  ©tunbe  l^at  30  9JJinuten. 

(Sine  $8iertdftunbe  ]f)at  15  9Kinuten. 

(Sine  aWinute  f)at  60  ©efunben, 

3lbieu!    2(uf  3Btcbcrfc^cn! 


30 


beginners'   GERMAN 


©uten 
SWorgcn! 


^errS.! 


Scorer  5um 
©chiller: 

Scorer  unb 
tlaffe: 

aScitct! 
Piaffe! 


€lfte  2lufgabe 

3fefet  ift  e^  9  Ufir.  S)ie  ®onnc  fc^cint.  (g^  ift 
l^ctl  (g^  ift  friif),  2Bir  f)aben  j[e^t  ben  friil^en 
aWorgen^  9^ad^  bem  3)?orgen  fommt  ber  S5or= 
mittag.  Urn  12  Uf)r  ift  e^  a^ittag.  ©arauf 
l^abcn  h)ir  ben  9Zad^tnittag,  unb  bann  fommt 
ber  Slbenb.  (2^  ift  abenb^  nid^t  fiell,  fonbem 
bunfel,  unb  e^  ift  nid^t  friil^,  fonbem  fpat»  S)ie 
yia(i)t  folgt,  unb  bann  tDirb  e^  SKittemad^t* 

S)er  9)Jorgen  ift  ber  Often,  unb  ber  Slbenb  ift  ber 
SBeften,  S)er  9Wittag  ift  ber  ©ilben,  unb  bie 
aWittemac^t  ift  ber  5yiorben» 

Tlan  rebet  feine  greunbe  fo  an: 

®uten  a«orgen!  ®uten  Jag!  ®uten  §lbenb! 
®ute  ma^tl 

©a^  ift  fitrjer  aU:  i^  tDiinfd^e  ^l^nen  guten  Tlox- 
gen  ufrt)» 

§aben  ©ie  ^opfmel^  (headache)? 
@6  tut  mir  fef)r  leib,  ba^  ©ie  ^opfmel^  fiaben* 
^offentlid^  tDerben  ©ie  balb  h)ieber  gefunb^ 

fatten  ©ie  tior  gtt)ei  ^af)xtn  ©eutfd^? 
9iein,  t)or  gtDei  3^abren  fiatte  id^  fein  ®eutfd&» 
^aben  ©ie  fett  jtDei  aWonaten  ©eutfd^? 
3?an)of)I,  feit  gtDei  aWonaten  l^abe  id^  S)eutfd^. 

bu  l^aft  feit  gtDei  a)Zonaten  ©eutfd^. 

er  (fie,  e6)  f)ai  feit  gtDei  aWonaten  ©eutfd^* 

h)ir  l^aben  feit  gtt)ei  aWonaten  ©eutfd^. 


beginners'   GERMAN  3 1 

Stirrer  sur    il^r  ^abi  fcit  gmei  9Wonaten  S)cutf(i^* 
Slaffe:         @{e  i^aben  feit  jtrei  SWonaten  ©eutfd^^ 

Sci^rer  unb    fie  l^abcn  feit  itod  Tlonakn  !Deutfc^^ 
filaffe: 

Conjugate  the  present  of  id^  ijaic  in  complete  sentences. 

E.g. 

id)  f)abt  bic  crftc  Slufgabc,  lt)ir  l^abcn  bie  ferf)ftc  Slufgabe, 

if)r  f)abt  bie  fiebte  Slufgabe, 


bu  f)aft  bie  gttieite  Slufgabe, 


®ie  {)aben  bie  a^U  Slufgabe, 


er  ^at  bie  britte  Slufgabe, 

fie  f)at  bie  t)ierte  SlufQabe,  fie  l^aben  bie  neunte  (stDanjigfte) 

e^  (ba^  5D?abd^en)  ^at  bie  Slufgabe* 

fiinfte  Slufgabe, 

Use  similarly: 

bie  i^rage,  bie  2lnth3ort,  bie  ?eftion,  etc. 

ba6  ©piel,  ba^  SBort,  ba6  Sud^,  etc. 

einen  2ef)rer,  einen  25ater,  einen  geiertag,  etc. 

Is  there  a  special  progressive  or  emphatic  verbal  form  in 
German? 

Does  the  present  replace  the  future  and  the  perfect  at 
times? 

What  is  the  diffierence  in  the  use  of  abet  and  fottbettt? 

Does  fonbern  mean  "but  on  the  contrary''?    Illustrate. 

E.g. 

m  ift  frub,  abet  e^  ift  bunfel 

e^  ift  nid^t  frUb,  f onbetn  e^  ift  fpat* 


32 


beginners'   GERMAN 


giDoIfte  ^ufgabc 


Sluf^jaffen!    S)a^  ift  einc  Uf)r. 


S)ie  Uf)r  ift  runb,  fie  ift  nic^t 


Seigen  Sic  m§  alien  bie  U^r  in  ber  Slaffe! 

!Die  ^Iaffenuf)r  f)at  st^ei  3^i9^^»  Sin  3^tger  ift 
filr  bie  ©tunben,  ber  anbere  filr  bie  9Kinuten» 

aSiediel  Uf)r  ift  e^  jefet? 

(g6  ift  gegen  jel^n  Uf)r»    3ft  e^  frlll^  ober  fpcit? 

Qn  filnf  9Kinuten  ift  e^  fiinf  $minuten  nad^  10. 

3n  15  aWinuten  ift  e^  ein  S3iertel  nad^  10  (Jll). 

3n  30  aWinuten  ift  e6  ^alb  elf. 

3n  45  aWinuten  ift  e^  ein  SSiertel  t)or  11  (f  11). 

S'n  50  90?innten  ift  e^  iei)n  SKinuten  t)or  11,  etc. 

^iPnnft  f)alb  brei  ift  nnfere  ®(^ule  au^. 

Urn  h)iet)iel  U^r  gel^en  ©ie  abenb^  jn  S3ett? 

9Bann  ftel^en  ©ie  morgen^  auf  ? 

Q(i)  ftel^e  nm  fieben  Uf)r  anf. 

Um  tDiebiel  ]Xi)V  gef)en  ©ie  am  ©onntag  in  bie 
^irc^e? 

§aben  ©ie  jn  ^aufe  eine  Ul^r? 

SBiet)ieI  ift  f  t)on  100? 

i  Don  100  =  20, 1  Don  100  =  40,  |  Don  100  =  60. 

i  Don  120  =  20,  20  X  6  =  120. 

f  (gloei  ©rittel)  Don  1800  =  1200;  -|  Don  1800  = 

600, 1  finb  1200;  nfto. 


Semen  Sie 
bie^  aui^s 
hjenbig: 


^^  fann  ftel^en, 
©i^en,  gel^en. 
SBenn  ic^  miibe  bin, 
Sege  i($  mid^  f)in. 


beginners'   GERMAN  33 

©inb  ©ic  milbe  unb  nid^t  frifd^? 
3)a6  ift  fc^abc.    @^  tut  mir  Icib,  ba^  ©ic  tnilbc 
finb! 

Piaffe!         ©ic  miiffcn  gcrabc  fi^cn,  nic  frumtn! 

©erabe  ift  fo  bid  lx)ic  aufrcd^t^    ^onncn  ©ic  nid)t 

gcrabc  [i^cn? 
9lcl^tncn  ©ic  3l^rc  Xa\<i)mu()v,  unb'  fagcn  ©ic 

mir,  iDic  bide  S^^Q^^  ^i^^  Safd^cnul^r  l^at! 
iffiofiir  ift  bcr  brittc  cS^tgcr? 
9Ba^  gcigt  bicfcr  S^W^  (^^)? 
3ft  cine  3:afd^cnul^r  bidf  obcr  bllnn? 
aSic  ift  cine  SBanbu^r? 
Unfcrc  ^laffenul^r  ift  cine  2Banbuf)r,  tocil  fie  an 

bcr  SBanb  f)angt. 
Sine  2af(f)enuf)r  ift  cine  Vit)v  filr  bic  Safd^c* 

Take  a  railroad  time-table  and  have  the  pupils  read  the 
various  trains  as  to  their  leaving  and  arriving! 

Railroad  ficifet  auf  beutfd^  bic  Sifcnbal^n;  train 

l^cifet  auf  bcutfc^  bcr  SM- 
3-^*  ®^^  ^^fte  Sm  ^^^  Srooflijn  gcl^t  urn  6 

Vii)V  bon  yim  2)orf  ab;  bcr  jtbcitc  S^i  ^cid^ 

93rooflt)n  gcf)t  urn  6:15  bon  9^eh)  2)orf  ab,  etc. 
SBann  fommt  bcr  erfte  Sm  tn  9lctt)  2)orf  an?  etc. 
aWit  tDcId^cm  Sm  tbcrben  ©ic  fal^rcn? 
^d)  tDcrbe  mit  bem  Ic^tcn  Sm  ftxfircn,    (g^  ift 

ntir  cinerlei  (c6  ntad^t  mir  nid^t^  au^),  tDcnn 

td^  fpdt  nad^  ^aufc  fommc. 

^a^  tut       SBa^  l^cifet  ba^  auf  cnglifd^?    Ubcrfc^en  ©ic  ben 
ttit^t^!  @^^  i^g  (gnglifd^c!  —  SBortc  bilbcn  cincn  ©afe. 


34 


BEGINNERS     GERMAN 


Piaffe! 
Sefircr: 
Secret  unb 
tiaffe: 


ren  Sic: 


Q^  toctbe  morgen  hm  ^ug  nefimcn; 
bu  toirft  morgen  ben  S^Q  nefimen; 
er  toxxi  morgen  ben  3ug  nel^men; 
iDir  tt^erben  morgen  ben  S^Q  nefimen; 
'  il^r  njerbct  morgen  btn  3ug  nefimen; 
®ie  tocrben  morgen  ben  S^^  nef)men; 
fie  toerbctt  morgen  btn  3ug  nef)men» 

id^  loerbe  ba^  Sieb  ftngen, 
id^  h)erbe  ben  ©afe  fpred^en, 
id^  tDerbe  bte  Slnfgabe  lemen, 
id^  h)erbe  in  bie  ^ird^e  gel^en, 
id^  tDerbe  einen  frol^en  ©onntag  l^aben, 
id^  tDerbe  baranf  toetten. 

233o  l^aben  totr  barouf  njettcn  nnb  froi^cn  Sonntag 
gel^abt? 


Drd3cljnte  2lufgabe 

Slaffe!         SBie  diele  gippen  f)aben  toir? 

2Bir  f)aben  jtrei  Sippen,  bie  Unterlippe  unb  bie 

Oberlippe. 
©inb  bie  Sippen  rot  ober  blau  ober  griln? 
S)ie  2\pptn  finb  rot, 
SBeld^e^  ift  bie  garbe  ber  ?ippen? 
S)ie  garbe  ber  Stppen  ift  rot, 
SBa^  tun  tviv  mit  ben  ?ippen? 
9Kit  ben  Sippen  pfeifen  n)ir. 

aSeiterl        2Bie  biete  ginger  f)aben  toir? 

SBir  t)aben  sei^n  fjinger  jufammen.    J)a^  ift  ber 
Heine  ginger! 


beginners'   GERMAN  35 

©inb  bie  ginger  bid  ober  bilnn? 

2)ie  Singer  finb  bilnn* 

SBeld^e^  ift  bie  gorm  ber  ginger? 

S)ie  gorm  ber  finger  ift  mnb,  nid^t  edtg* 

2Sa^  tnt  man  mit  ben  gingem? 

ajJit  ben  fjtngem  filfiU  man* 

Slc^tung!      SBie  t)iele  ^al^ne  f)aben  ©ie?    S)er  ^al^n  ift  fpi^ 
nnb  \(i)ax\,  nic^t  ftnmpf* 
9Bir  l^aben  jn)eiunbbrei6ig  SS^ne* 
SBie  finb  bie  38^^^/  f^^^f  *>^^^  ftnmpf? 
SBa^  ift  bie  Slufgabe  ber  3^^)^^? 
;j)ie  Slufgabe  ber  Sft^ne  ift  jn  beifeen  unb  gu  fauen* 
233a^  tnn  mir  mit  htn  3af)nen? 
9Kit  ben  3S^«^^  beifeen  nnb  fanen  h)ir* 

?tufge»jaf|t!  Sllfe  9K(inner,   granen  unb  ^inber  l^aben  glDei 

Slugen* 
Tlit  ben  Slugen  fel^en  tt)iv.    SBir  atte  tiaben  aud^ 

gtDei  Ofiren* 
ajtit  ben  O^ren  f)6ren  ^ir*    ®a6  Singe  unb  ha^ 

O^r  finb  nil^Iid^* 
SBir  l^aben  eine  92afe*    9)Jit  ber  5yjafe  ried^t  man* 
S)ie  SStugen,  bie  Ol^ren  unb  bie  9iafe  finb  im  ®t^ 

fic^t* 
SDtit  btn  jefin  gingem  an  ben  itod  ^cinben  fill^Ien 

tDir* 
®ie^  ift  bie  red^te  §anb,  unb  ba^  ift  bie  linfe 

§anb* 
9}Jit  ber  ^anb  fd^reiben  h)ir* 
SBir  l^aben  aud^  gmei  93eine  unb  itdd  gllfee* 
9Kit  ben  58einen  unb  glifeen  gel^en  h)ir*    J)a6  ift 

ba^  red^te  S3ein,  unb  bie6  ift  ber  linfe  gufe* 


36  beginners'   GERMAN 

SBir  leden  bic  Sippen  mit  bcr  S^^i^* 

9Wit  bem  9)?unbc  (mit  ber  ©titnme)  fprec^en  n^ir* 

2Bir  l^aben  ami)  jtDci  Slrme.    S)cr  5lrm  ift  ba^ 

©lieb  ober  ein  ©lieb, 
S)ic  Slrme  unb  bie  33eme  fxnb  ©licben 
Sllle  ©lieber  bilben  ben  .Sorper* 
SBir  l^aben  aud^  eineu  ^opf.    2luf  bem  ^opf  [tub 

k)iclc  ^aare, 
S)a^  ^aav  l^at  t)ielc  garben* 
Sluf  bem  ^opfe  tragen  lr)ir  eitien  ^ut» 
3ln  ben  giifeen  tragen  tDir  ©triimpfe  unb  ©d^uf)C* 
S)er  ©d^uf)  ift  bid,  aber  ber  ©trumpf  ift  biinn* 

Declension  in  the  Plural  (bie  Sippe,  ber  ginger,  ber  B^fin). 
Nom.     bie  Sippen  bie  ginger  bie  3^^ne 


Gen. 

ber  ?ippen 

ber  ginger 

ber  cS^^^e 

Dat. 

ben  ?ippen 

itn  gingem 

ben  ^Ci\)ntn 

Ace, 

bie  ?ippen 

bie  ginger 

bie  3til^ne 

Decline  in  the  plural  like  bie  Sippe  in  complete  sentences: 
bie  Hufgabe,  bie  gran,  bie  Sefirerin,  bie  ©d^iilerin,  bie  2Bo(f)e,  bie 
Slume,  bie  ©d^ule,  bie  ^ird^e,  bie  garbe,  bie  U^r,  bie  5Hafe,  bie 
3unge. 

Of  what  gender  are  these  nouns? 

Are  their  stem-vowels  a,  o,  u  ever  modified  (Umlaut)  in 
the  plural? 

How  are  masculine  nouns  ending  in  -e  inflected?  E.g.  ber 
^nabe. 

The  -(e)n  declension  is  called  the  weak  declension  of 
noims. 

All  other  nouns  that  do  not  take  the  ending  -(e)n  in  the 
plural  (or  in  the  genitive  singular)  are  said  to  follow  the 
strong  declension. 


BEGINNERS'   GERMAN  37 

Decline  in  the  plural  like  ber  finger: 

(a)  ber  ^orpcr,  bcr  aSintcr,  ber  ©ommcr,  ber  ©driller,  ber 

?ef)rer,  ber  Onfcl;  ba^  9Wabd^en,  ba;^  graulein; 

(b)  with  Umlaut  (a,  o,  il): 

ber  33ater,  ber  ©ruber,  ber  ©arten; 
bie  abutter  and  bie  Jod^ter, 

Do  these  nouns  take  an  additional  ending  to  form  the 
plural? 

What  did  you  notice  about  the  dative  plural  of  all  nouns? 
1^.     How  many  feminine  nouns  are  in  this  class? 

What  are  the  nominative  singular  endings  of  all  these 
nouns? 

Decline  in  the  plural  like  ber  S^il^* 
(a)  without  Umlaut: 

ber  2lrm,  ber  ©c^ul^,  (ber  gt^eunb),  ber  Xaq; 

ia^  Sdi)x;  ba6  ©piel,  ba^  33ein. 

1^     (b)  with  Umlaut  (bie  B^i^ne): 

K^  ber  ©ol^n,  ber  gufe,  ber  ^opl  ber  §ut,  ber  ©trutnpf; 

H^  bie  §anb,  bie  ^a^t,  bie  SBanb,  bie  Suft, 

|p  Most  of  the  nound  that  take  the  ending  -e  in  the  nomina- 
tive plural  are  of  what  gender? 

Are  the  nominative,  genitive,  and  accusative  plural 
always  the  same  with  any  noun? 

Do  English  nouns  ever  form  the  plural  by  Umlaut?  Illus- 
trate. 

Give  the  principal  parts  of  nouns  as  follows:  bie  ?ippe,  ber 
?ippe,  bie  Sippen;  ber  ginger,  be^  ginger^,  bie  ginger,  etc. 


38  beginners'   GERMAN 


t)ter3ctjnte  5Iufgabc 

Slttftjaffen!    5E3te  l^etfeen  biefe  beiben  ^tnber? 

2)te  Stnbcr  Iieifeen  ^an6  unb  gri^^ 

SBeld^e^  finb  bie  9^amen  bcr  ^inbcr? 

©ie  9laTnen  bet  ^inbcr  finb  $an6  unb  grUj» 

2Ber  ftef)t  bei  ben  ^inbem? 

2)er  Sefirer  ftel)t  bei  ben  ^nbern^ 

SBer  fiel^t  unb  l^ort  bie  ^inber? 

SBir  fel^en  unb  f)oren  bie  ^nber* 

Declension  of  ia^  ^inb  in  the  Plural. 


Nominative 

bie  f  inber 

Genitive 

ber  ^inber 

Dative 

ben  ^inbem 

Accusative 

bie  ^inber 

Decline  in  the  plural  like  ba^  ^inb  in  complete  sentences: 
ba6  Sieb,  ba^  ®Iieb;  ba^  S3ud^,  ba^  S3Iatt,  ba^  ©prid^toort  (bie 
SSiid^er,  etc.);  bet  2)?ann. 

What  is  the  gender  of  most  nouns  taking  -er  in  the  nom- 
inative plural? 

Are  the  stem-vowels  a,  0,  u  always  modified  in  the  plural 
of  these  nouns? 

NOTE 

S)iefe^  ^inb  ift  ein  ^nabe. 
®er  Snabe  fieifet  ^arl. 
35er  9lame  be^  Snaben  ift  tarl 
3d^  gebe  bem  Snaben  ein  93ud^. 
SBir  feF)en  ben  Snaben  oft. 
S)iefe  Snaben  finb  nteine  ©driller. 


beginners'   GERMAN  39 

In  what  way  do  the  masculine  nouns  of  the  weak  declen- 
sion differ  from  the  feminine  nouns? 

3f(^tung!      S)ie  9)?anncr  einc^  (Biaatt^  ftnb  btc  SBiirger, 
I  3)ie  Staatctt  9^ett)  2)orf  unb  9ten)  ^erfeij  Itcgcn  im 

Often  t)on  §lmerifa» 

Sic  garbe  be;^  3tugc^  t[t  oft  blau^ 

^ic  Stttgen  ftnb  im  ©eftd^t. 

S)tc  Slufgabc  be;^  O^rc^  ift  gu  I)6ren* 

SBir  l^aben  gtDei  Di^ren, 

Why  should  these  three  nouns  be  said  to  follow  the  so- 
called  mixed  declension? 


\ 


B. 


^flnfjcl^nte  Zlufgabe 

(Review) 

Classify  all  nouns  into: 

The  -n  class  (Weak  declension.    No  Umlaut). 

(1)  the  iV<7-ending  class  1  ,^, 

(2)the   -e  class  declension). 

(3)  the    -cr  class  (always  Umlaut)  J 

C.    -(c)^  genitive  singular;  -(e)n  nominative  plural  (Mixed 
declension). 

SBicbcrtjolung  ber  ganjen  S)eHination  ber  ^anpt^ 

tDorter  mlinblid^  nnb  fc^riftlid^! 
SSamm  l^eifeen  Nouns  anf  beutfc^  ^anpttDorter? 

c3*  ^*  it^  f)tibe  gtDei  8ip|)cn, 
bn  fiaft  gefin  ginger, 
er  f)at  32  S^^xit, 


40  beginners'   GERMAN 

ftc  (c^)  fiat  t)ter  Sild^cr; 
n}ir  f)abcn  fiinf  Sd^rcrinncn, 
tl^r  ^aht  fcc^6  ?e]^rer, 
©tc  l^aben  jtDct  S^fe^^ 
ftc  ^ahtn  ftarfc  ®Iicbcr» 

SScrtDanbeln  ®ic  (Change)  ben  ©ingular  in  htn 
plural  in  bicfcn  ©a^en  (bic  (Singal^l  in  bie 

id&  f)abc  einc  S^afe, 
bu  l^aft  einen  SBruber, 
cr  l^at  cinen  2op\, 
fie  (e6)  f)at  ein  Sieb* 

S*  S*  SBir  fiaben  (gtDei  5Rafen)  9?afen  uftt). 

®ibt  e^  einen  ^Inrd  t)on  „ein,  eine,  ein"? 

SJJan  fann  folgenben  *ipinral  gebrand^en: 

Nominative  einige 

Genitive  einiger 

Z>a/iz;e  einigen 

Accusative  einige 

SBeanttDorten  ©ie  bie  folgenben  gragen: 

SBomit  fefien  n)ir? 
SBomit  l^oren  irir? 
SBomit  ried^en  n)ir? 
SBontit  fnt)Ien  tx)ir? 
SBomit  fc^meden  iDir? 
SBomit  gel^en  tdxx? 
SBomit  fpred^en  toir? 
SBontit  beifeen  n)ir? 
aiBomit  fd^reiben  njir? 


beginners'   GERMAN  4I 

SBeld^c^  ift  bie  garbc  obcr  bie  gorm  obcr  bic  3<J^I 
bcr  Sippen? 
ber  i5to9^i^? 
ber  3^^^^? 
berS3ll(^er? 

Semen  ®ie  9Kit  ben  Hugen  tann  id^  fel^en, 
bie^  au^^  gjjit  ben  glifeen  fann  id^  gef)en, 
tt>enbifl:        ^^.^  ^^^  §anben  fann  ic^  greifen, 

9Kit  bent  9Kunbe  fann  i(|  pfeifen; 

9)}it  ben  Ot)ren  fann  id^  f)oren 

®nte  ©prlid^e,  treife  Setiren* 

©reifen  l^eifet  fiil^Ien,  l^alten. 

S)er  aWnnb  ift  mnb,  trenn  man  pfeift* 

S)er  Bpvud)  fommt  t)on  fpred^en. 

Supply  the  missing  endings  or  words  in:  ^txi- 
^nabe  l^at  ein-  runben  ^opf  mit  ein-  furjen 
^aU  (ber  §al^,  neck),  (gr  l^at  ein-  red^ten 
2lmt  nnb  ein-  linfen  2lmi,  and^  —  red^te^ 
S3ein  nnb  —  linfe^  S3ein»  (Sr  fiat  gt^ei  §anbe 
mit  jel^n  — .  (gr  l^at  gtoei  blane  — ,  glDei  gnte 
O — ,  ein-  fleine  91 —  nnb  fd^one  S — ♦ 

What  case  do  these  prepositions  always 
govern : 

ntit,  na^,  bet, 
Don,  su,  aui^, 

feit  nnb  aufter?    Illustrate. 
E.g. 
SBir  gel&en  na^  bem  SBeften  ju  nnferen  grennben* 


42  BEGINNERS'   GERMAN 

5ed?3eljnte  2lufgabe 
®utcn  SBcId^er  Jag  ift  ^eute? 

t§  S^ncn?    €>^iitc  ift  S)onner^tag,  bcr  23»  JZoDember  191 L 
aSie  ficpn-    !Der  n)iet)ieltc  ift  t)cute? 
ben  Sie  ft^? 

©Vte^cn      !5)cr  breiunbjlDangigfte  9?ot)etnbcr* 
Sie  ieutHc(|:gfjennen  ©ie  ba^  fieutige  ©atxtm  nod^  einmal! 
SBeld^e^  Saturn  iDar  geftem? 
SBeld^e^  Saturn  iDirb  morgen  fein? 
SBeld^e^  Saturn  l^aben  iDtr  l^eute? 
§cute  l^aben  tDir  ben  breiunbjlDanjigften  9Jot),  1911 
SBcId^e^  Saturn  l^atten  rt)tr  geftem  (gel^abt)  ? 
SBeld^e^  Saturn  tDerben  h)ir  morgen  f)aben?  etc. 
SBann  ift  ^^r  ©eburt^tag? 
9)?ein  ©eburt^tag  ift  am  jel^nten  3<itiuar» 
Sin  treld^em  Sage  l^aben  ©ie  ^l^ren  ©eburt^tag? 
SBann  ift  SBaf^ington^  ©eburt^tag? 
SBann  ift  gincoto  ©eburt^tag? 
©eben  ©ie  bie  rid^tige  3lnttt)ort  in  brei  ©a^en 

(ber,  ben,  am) ! 
SJBann  beginnt  ber  SBinter? 
SBann  beginnt  ber  griil^Iing?  uftD* 
SBann  ift  2Seif)nad&ten? 
2ln  tDeld^em  Sage  ift  Sleuial^r? 
9Kan  tDllnfd^t  feinen  greunben  „®lMli^e^  9?eu^ 

ial^r''   ober  „^rofit  ^tniai)x"  unb   ,,grof)li(^e 

SBeif)nad^ten," 
SBeld^er  Sag  ift  ber  9?ationaIfeiertag  in  Slmerifa? 
SSeld^er  Sag  ift  ber  9?ationaIfeiertag  in  Seutfc^^ 

lanb? 


I 


beginners'   GERMAN  43 

SJBann  ^abtn  ©ie  frci,  obcr  tt)ann  ^dbtn  ®te  gcrien? 
©eben  ®ic,  bitte,  ha^  genaue  !S)atum  an! 

NOTE 

PRETERIT  PRESENT  FUTURE 

gcftem  l^cute  morgen 

ti3ar  ift  n)trb  (    )  fein 

WitttdOii),  S)onner^tag,  S^^itag, 

ber  22, 5«ot),  191L  bcr  23. 5Rot).  191L  bcr  24,  9lot),  [fein], 

©eftern  §eute  SKorgen 

l^attcn  h)ir  (    )  [gel^abt]  f)aben  tt)ir  n)crbenn)ir(  )^aben 

9Kittlt)od^,  2)onner^tag,  S^^itag, 

ben22,9lot)a911[ge^a6t],  bcn23.5«ot),  191L  ben24,5«ot).[{)a6en]. 

Where  are  infinitives  and  (perfect)  past  participles  placed 
in  German?    Illustrate.    Are  they  inflected  as  verbal  nouns? 

Steb3et^nte  2lufgabe 

Stufgevafft!  2Btr  tooUtn  cin  ncue^  ©ebtd^t  lemen: 

^tc  2onUx 

@tn  ®ebt(3^t,  ba^  man  ftngcn  fann,  l^etfet  cin  ?teb* 

^d^  h)erbe  bie  erftc  ©tropl^c  be^  Stebe^  langfam 

tjorfprec^en,  fo  ha^  ©ie  mid^  berftel^en  fonncn: 

3c^  ^eife  ntd^t,  tt)a^  foC  e^  bebeuten, 

S)a6  id^  fo  traurig  bin; 

(Sin  5D?ftrd^en  an^  alten  3^tten, 

S)a6  fontnxt  ntir  nid^t  an^  bem  ©inn* 

©ic  guft  ift  m%  nnb  e^  bunfett, 

Unb  rul^ig  flicfet  ber  SJl^ein; 

®cr  ©ipfel  be^  S3ergc^  fnnfelt 

^m  5lbenbfonncnfd^cin» 


44  beginners'   GERMAN 

SBcId^e  SBorter  fcnncn  ®tc,  unb  n)o  ftnb  fie  bor* 

gcfommen? 
SBeld^e  SSorter  fennen  ©ic  nid^t? 
S)ie  SBorter:  bcbeuten,  ba^  2)?ar(^en,  vnt)iQ,  bcr 

©ipfel,  ber  S3erg,  funfelt^ 
iBebcuten  fieifet  fo  t)iel  tt)te:  fagen,  l^eifeen* 
9Kan  fagt:  2Ba^  foil  ba^  bebeuten,  ober  tDa^  foil 

ba^  l&eifeen?    SSa^  tDolIen  ®ic  bantit  fagcn? 
(Sin  SKard^en  ift  eine  ©efd^id^te,  eine  Segenbc* 
9?ur)ig  bebeutet  ftill. 
S)ic  gorclei  fi^t  auf  cinem  SBerg  (cf.  English: 

ice- J^g) . 
!Dcr  ©ipfel  be6  93erge^  ift:  f)0(^  oben  auf  bem  S3erge» 
S)cr  gufe  be^  S3erge^  ift:  unten  am  (an  bem)  SBerge* 
(g^  funfelt  l^eifet:  e^  fd^eint,  e^  glifeert* 
9Ba^  ift  ba^  ©egenteil  Don:  traurig? 
SBo  l^aben  ©ie  e^  gelemt? 
28a6  fonnen  ©ie  fiir  „e^  bunfelt"  fagen? 
2)er  9Jf)ein  fliefet  mf)ig*     (gr  ift  ein  glufe,  ein 

©trom* 
S)er  aWiffiffippi  ift  aud^  ein  glufe,  aber  er  fliefet 

f(^nelt. 
SSerftel^en  ©ie  je^t  aKe^? 
©e^en  ©ie  bie  le^ten  glDei  3^W^^  ^^^  Sorelei  in 

ben  "ipiural! 
3fefet  iDoIten  h)ir  ha^  Sieb,  bie  Sorelei,  ober  bie  erfte 

©tropl^e  be^  Siebe6  ftngen! 
2Bie  biele  Sieber  l^aben  tt)ir  fd^on  au^menbig  ge^^ 

lemt? 
©ingen  ©ie  D  SEannenBoum  nod^  einmal! 

entail        3d^  ^erbe  ^f)nen  bie  erfte  ©tropfie  be^  neuen  gie^ 
be^  biftieren! 


BEGINNERS     GERMAN  45 

%d^imqlA  ^cinrtc^  ^cine  ^at  ha^  fci^onc  ?icb,  btc  Sorelet, 
gcfc^rieben  ober  gebid^tet.  (gr  ift  bcr  ©tester 
be6  fd^onen  ©ebtd^te^.  ^einrid^  ^einc  tDurbe 
im  ^al^re  1797  geboren  unb  ift  im  ^af)re  1856 
gcftorben.  (Sr  lebte  alfo  t)on  1797  bi^  1856  unb 
tDurbe  faft  59  ^afire  alt,  S)ie  Sorelei  ift  ein^ 
fciticr  fd^onften  unb  bcften  ©ebic^tc,  @^  ift 
fd^oner  unb  bcffer  al^  Diele  feiner  Sieber* 

ffrarjen  unb  Wxttooxtcn 
S*  S*  SSBer  f)at  bic  Sorelei  gebid^tet?  ufto* 

NOTE 

er  f)at  ba^  ©ebid^t  gcbid^tet,  aber 
cr  ift  inx  ^ai)xt  1856  geftorben. 

What  kind  of  verb  is  bid^tcn?    And  ftcrbctt? 

Are  they  both  transitive  verbs?    Note  auxiliaries. 

Where  is  the  negative  nid^t  placed? 


2ld?t3eljnte  2tufgabe 

Sctcn  Sic    §cute  toerben  tt)ir  ba6  Sieb,  bie  ?oreIei,  becnben 
aufmcrfs  ^^^^  beenbigen! 

^d)  h)erbe  Qf)nm  ha^  2)?ctrd^en  bon  ber  Sorelei  cr^ 

gal^Ien* 
iBeenbigen  fommt  bon  @nbc.    Seenbiguttg  fieifet 

tttda^  beenbigen, 
((Sr)jaf)Ien  fommt  t)on  3<i^I»     ©rjcil&Iung  l^eifet 

ettda^  erjcifilen, 
SBa^  ift  bie  SBieber^oIung? 

2{Ifo:  ©ie  Sorelei  ift  nad^  ber  Segenbe  ein  fd^one^  "ifflab^ 

d^en  mit  golbnem  ^aar,     ©ie  fifet  oben  auf 


Slttftttcrfs 
iatn  fein! 


46  beginners'   GERMAN 

"^  cinetn  Serge  ant  dt^dn.  Unten  flie^t  ber  ^^Ii^fe 
[ef)r  ftarf  jtDifc^en  l^of)en  gelfen  (rocks).  3)ie 
Sorelei  f)at  bli^enbe  S'utDelen  unb  l^at  eitien  gol- 
benen  ^amm  in  ber  §anb,  iDonttt  fie  if)r  golb^ 
ne^  ^aar  fdmntt^  ©ie  fingt  ein  tDnnberbotle^ 
Sieb  mit  ntcid^tiger  3)?eIobie*  @in  ©c^iffer  in 
feinem  fleinen  ©(^iffe,  in  einent  ©c^iffc^en,  l^ort 
ba^  8ieb  nnb  \itf)t  iu  ber  [c^onen  Sorelei  entpor 
(l^inanf)*  (£r  fief)t  nnr  fie  altein  an,  nnb  fo  ger^ 
fd^ellt  (jerbrid^t)  fein  S3oot  an  bem  gelfen*  ©0 
ftirbt  ber  ©c^iffer  in  ben  SBelten  be6  dt^tin^. 

Sie  glDeite  ©tropl^e  t)on  !J>ie  Soreici  lantet: 

S)ie  fc^onfte  ^ungfran  fi^et 

Sort  oben  tDnnberbar, 

Q^v  golbne^  ©efd^nteibe  bli^et, 

©ie  fcimmt  if)r  golbene^  ^aar. 

©ie  fammt  e^  mit  golbenem  ^amme 

Unb  fingt  ein  Sieb  babei, 

©a^  ]^at  eine  tDnnberfame, 

©elDaltige  SKelobei^ 

2Ba^  fonnen  ©ie  ftatt  bte  f^i)nfte  Su«9ftau  fagen? 
SBa^  fonnen©ie  ftatt  t^r  goIbne)^@efd|meibe  fagen? 
2Ba^  fonnen  ©ie  ftatt  bli^et  fagen? 
2Ba^  fonnen  ©ie  ftatt  gettjalttge  SWebbei  fagen? 
©ingen  ©ie  bie  jttieite  ©tropl^e! 

ad^ttttig!      S)ie  britte  nnb  le^te  ©tropf)e  lantet  fo: 

©en  ©d^iffer  im  fleinen  ©d^iffe 
(grgreift  e^  mit  n)ilbem  2Bel^; 
@r  fd^ant  nid^t  bie  gelfenriffe, 
@r  fd^ant  nnr  f)inanf  in  bie  §o]&» 


beginners'   GERMAN  47 

^^  gtaubc,  bic  SBellen  t)erf(^nn9cn 
Sim  Snbe  ©d^iffer  unb  ^a{)n; 
Unb  ba6  f)at  mit  i{)rem  ©ingcn 
S)ie  Sorelet  gctan. 

S)er  ©d^iffer  l^at  alfo  ©el^nfud^t  (longing). 

(gr  frfiaut  tft  [o  t)iel  h)ie? 

2Ba^  fonnen  ®ie  fageti  anftatt:  bie  SBellen  \)tx^ 

fd^Iingen  am  @nbe  ©d^iffer  unb  ^af)n? 
SBe^Iialb  [tirbt  ber  ©c^iffer? 
©ingen  ©ie  bie  lefete  ©tropt)c  ber  gorelei! 

^teffc!         Unfere  Slufgabe  fllr  morgen  ift: 

©te  gorelei  gans  au^tDenbig  gu  lernen  unb  fd^reiben 
gu  fijunen* 


Heun3eljnte  2lufgabe 

Stt^tung!      9Ba^  I)aben  ©te  ha  liegen? 
2)a6  tft  etn  Sud^. 
^[t  e^  3^r  93u(^? 
Sa,  e^,ift  mein  33ud^. 
3ft  e^  ein  §eft? 

SJldn,  e^  ift  fein  §eft,  fonbem  ein  33ud^* 
3d^  fe^e  l^ier  au^  ein  iBilb,  unb  bort  finb  fed^^ 

genfter. 
!J)a6  papier  barf  aber  nid^t  l^erumliegen! 

^etr  XA      ©tefien  ©ie  auf ! 

©agen  ©ie:  id^  ftel^e  auf* 
©ie  finb  grofe,  be^l^alb  fage  id^:  ©tel&cn  ©ie  auf! 
Sn  einem  ^inbe  fage  id&:  fteK^)  (^^U 

3u  ^inbem  fage  id&:  ftel&t  auf! 


48 


beginners'   GERMAN 


yitf)mtn  ©ic,  bittc,  ^^v  55ud^! 

^6)  ncl^mc  mcin  $8uci&. 

^ffnen  ®ic  Q\)v  Sud^,  ober  madden  Sic  3i&r  S8u^ 

auf! 
3(^  offnc  mein  93ud^  ober  mad^e  mcin  Sud^  auf, 
©d^Iicfeen  Sie  icijt  3i&t^  Sud^,  ober  mad&en@ie  3fltr 

«uc^  Su! 
^d^  fd^Iiefee  ieijt  mein  58ud^  ober  mad^e  mein  $8ud& 

in. 
Scgcn  ©ic  3f)r  S8ud^  f)in  ober  tDcg! 
3d^  lege  mein  iBud^  f)in. 
©el^n  ©ie  ftd^!    (33Ieiben  ©ie  ftel^en!) 
©ie  tnuffen  fagen:  id^  felje  mid^* 

5)a^  iDar  nid^t  iibel,  ba^  tt>av  gut!    3d^  mufe  ©ie 
loben  (praise)! 

3ft  3^r  «ud^  griln,  blau  ober  rot? 
aWein  35ud^  ift  rot. 
SBeld^e^  ift  bie  garbe  3^re^  SBud^e^? 
J)ie  garbe  meine6  iBud^e^  ift  rot. 
©inb  diele  ©eiten  in  3f)rem  S8ud^(e)? 
3^an)of)I,  in  meinem  58ud^  finb  t)iele  ©eiten. 
3eigen  ©ie  mir  ^i)v  iBud^! 
3^  geige  ^i^neti  mein  Sud^» 

fjraulein      ©ie  l^aben  ein  fd^one^  ^leib  an.    SSeld^e  garbe  f)at 
21*'  S^r^Ieib? 

2)a§  toar      ^n  ein  paar  ©tunben  mufe  e^  beffer  gefien! 
ntd^t^! 

Q^  ift  nid^t  n)ie  unaufmerffam  ©ie  fein  fonnen! 
5U  glauben, 

8tuf|iaf|en!    id^  offne  mein  35ud&, 


^anfe 
fd^on! 

I^tduletn 
3! 


BEGINNERS    GERMAN 


49 


I 


Scorer: 

bu  offncft  bcin  S3ud^, 

Scl^rer  unb 

'  cr  offnct  fcin  ^Vi6), 

«Iaffc: 

ftc  offnet  if)r  33u(^, 

.  c^  offnet  fein  53u(^; 

n)ir  offnctt  unfere  SBiic^cr, 

'  t^r  offnet  eure  Silc^cr, 

©ie  offnen  3^re  Slicker, 

fie  offnen  if)re  SBiic^er, 

JlonjuQte^     id^  fd^Iiefee  mein  genfter; 
ren  Sie  afic  {^  ^^^^  ^ein  ^eft  nic^t  anf^ 


Sufammen: 


einmal! 


Sege  ic^  mein  papier  f)in? 

^i)  \)aht  mein  ^leib  an; 

\6)  ftelle  mein  S3ilb  nid^t  toeg  (ftellen  l^eifet  legen). 

©d^reiben  ®ie  biefe  ^onjngationen  gn  ^anfe! 

3c^  lege  ie^t  mein  i8nd^  l^in! 

SBer  legt  je^t  fein  SBuc^  f)in? 

SBa^  legft  bn  jefet  ^in? 

SSol^in  legt  if)r  jefet  enre  SBiid^er? 

SBann  legen  ®ie  ^\)xt  S3iid^er  f)in? 

SJSie  n3erben  fein  unb  mein,  bein,  fein,  unfer,  euer, 

i^t  befliniert? 
SBarum  nennt  man  fie  @in=9Borter? 
aSeld^e^  finb  bie  (Snbungen  be^  ^rdfen^? 


NOTE 


Can  an  adverb  separate  the  inflected  form  of  the  predicate 
from  its  subject  in  German? 
Is  it  possible  in  English? 
Illustrate  your  assertion. 


50 


beginners'   GERMAN 


Hufgcjiafet!  2Ba^  fef)en  ©ie  ba? 

^\t  e^  einc  Jafcl  ober  tint  ^arte? 

3)a^  ift  eine  2afel,  fcinc  ^axtt. 

J)ic  lafel  i)ti^t  aud^  bie  SBanbtafel,  tDcil  ftc  an  bcr 

SBanb  ift. 
5)ic  ^artc  l^etfet  aud^  bie  SBanbfartc, 
SBarum  ficifet  fie  fo? 

©tel^en  ©ie  auf! 
3d&  ftel^e  auf. 

3)u  ftef)ft  auf  uflD. 

©el^en  ©ie  fc^nelt  an  bie  2^afel! 

^^  Qt^t  fd^netl  an  bie  SafeL 

2)u  gel^ft  fd^nelt  an  bie  Safel  uftD. 

9fef)men  ©ie  bie  ^reibe  ober  ein  ©tiid  ^reibe  in 

bie  §anb! 
^c^  nel^me  fd^netl  bie  ^reibe  in  bie  §anb» 
SBie  ift  bie  treibe? 
3^ ft  fie  h)eife  ober  fd^toarj? 
^it  ^reibe  ift  toeife,  aber  bie  Sinte  (ink)  ift 

fc^tuara. 
3ft  bie  Safe!  n^eife? 

9iein,  bie  lafel  ift  nid^t  toeife,  fonbem  fc^h)arg. 
©d^reiben  ©ie  an  bie  Safel  bie  Xux  (door) ! 
^i)  fd^reibe  an  bie  Jafel  bie  Xnt. 

3)u  fd^reibft  ufto. 


ffraulein 


«taffe: 


aiaffe: 


Slaffe! 
SBeiter 
fpttfa^ren! 


?efen  ©ie,  toa^  an  ber  lafel  ftel^t! 
ilBir  lefen,  h)a^  an  ber  Safel  ftel^t* 


beginners'   GERMAN 


SI 


gcgcn  @ic  bic  ^rctbc  tDicbcr  l^in! 
Qii)  lege  bic  ^rcibc  tDiebcr  ^n. 


tiaffc!         bu  Icgft  uftD* 
Scenbigcn! 


Slaffe: 


9((^tung! 


©cl^en  ®ic  in  ^l^re  Sanf! 
^'(^  gel^c  in  mcine  Sdant 

bu  geMt  in  beinc  S3ant, 

cr  gcl^t  in  feinc  93anf, 

fie  gcf)t  in  itirc  58anf, 
.  e^  gef)t  in  fcine  58anf ; 

n)ir  gcl^en  in  unfere  S3(infc, 
'  if)r  gcf)t  in  cure  93(infe, 

®ie  gcl^cn  in  3ff)tc  SSanfe, 

fie  gcl^cn  in  if)re  SBfinfe^ 

©cf)cn  ®ie  bort  bic  ©tange? 

!Die  ©tange  ftc^t  in  eincr  (gdfe  biefer  ©tube. 

SSic  t)icle  (gden  I)at  bic  ©tube? 


IJrttuleitt      ©e^en  ©ie  fid^! 

9i.!              3f(^  feljc  mid). 

Sei^rer  irab 

bu  fefe(ef)t  Wdj, 

Piaffe; 

cr  fe^t  m, 

fie  feijt  ft.^, 

i  eg  fefet  ft(^, 

tt)ir  fe^en  uttS, 

^"               '    J 

il^r  fc^t  md), 

r                  \ 

®te  fe^en  flci^, 

'■ 

fie  fet^en  fid). 

;  ^enr  «.!      SBie  befinben  ©ie  fid^  l^cute,  gut  ober  fd^Ied&t? 
^^  befinbe  mid^  n)ol)l  unb  gut* 


52 


BEGINNERS     GERMAN 


Slaffc! 

Sertig 

mac^en! 

Slaffe! 
SBeitcr! 


^err».! 


©d^iitct: 


?5erttg 
madjtnl 


Sel^rer: 


S((^tung! 


Setter  unb 
filaffc: 


bu  bcftnbcft  bid^  ufm* 

5iif)Ien  ©ic  ftd^  ftarf  obcr  fd^n)ac|? 

Qd)  fiifile  tnid^  ftarf; 

bxi  fuf)Ift  bid^  ftarf  uftD. 
©a6  ift  bic  Jlir. 
5)ic  Jilr  ift  ie^t  p. 

©tcl^en  ©ic  auf,  unb  madden  ©te  bie  Xixv  auf,  bcnn 

bic  8uft  ift  fd^Icd^t. 
©agen  ©ic  iebc^mal,  tDa^  ©ic  tun! 

id^  ftcl^c  auf, 

td^  gcl^c  an  bie  Jiir^ 

S)ie  Siir  ift  jefet  ju; 

id^  mad^e  fie  auf^ 

^d^  gel^e  (h)ieber)  juriidf  in  meine33anf  unb  fe^e  rnic^* 

bu  ftel^ft  auf  ufrt). 

^lopfen  ©ie  an  bie  Jiir! 
3d^  ffopfe  an  bie  Xixv. 

©ann  fage  id^:  ,,^erein! 
O!  ©ie  finb  e^?'' 

?fef)men  ©ie  3^re  geber!  9Kan  fd&reibt  mit  (ber) 
geber  unb  Jinte. 

id^  net)me  meine  S^ber, 

bu  nintmft  beine  geber, 
r  er  nimmt  feine  i^^ber, 
j  fie  nimmt  il^re  geber, 
I  e^  nimmt  feine  geber; 

n)ir  nel^men  unfere  gebem  ufn)» 
S&o  l^aben  n)ir  nimm  gef)abt? 


f 


beginners'   GERMAN  S3 

Secret:         ©pred^en  ©ie  ®eutfd&? 

ttaffc  unb    id^  fpred^c  ©eutfd^, 
Secret:         bu  fpric^ft  ©eutfc^, 

er  fprid^t  J)cutf(^  ufm. 

Note  the  change  of  root-vowel  c  into  i  (ic)  in  the  second  and  third 
singular  present. 

Sonjugic*     i^  gebc  il^m  mein  Sdu^,  bu  gibft  ♦  ♦  ♦ 
rctt  ®ie:       t^^  lefe  meine  ®efc^i(^te,  bu  licft .  .  . 

id^  fcl^c  mein  iBilb,  bu  ficl^ft .  .  . 

©ie  miiffen  alle^  miinblid^  unb  fd^rtftlid^  madden! 


(£tnunb3tt)an3igfte  2lufgabe 

Stufgc^jafet!  ®a^  ift  bcr  Xtfd^. 
S)a^  ift  ein  Sifd^. 
(g^  ift  mein  Sifd^^ 
3ft  e^  ein  ©d^ranf  ? 

9?ein,  e^  ift  fein  ©d^ranf,  fonbem  ein  2ifd^» 
9Bie  ift  bie  gorm  be^  Jifd^e^? 
3ft  er  runb  ober  edEig? 
S)ie  gotm  be^  Jifd^e^  ift  edfig. 
Q^  fifee  an  bem  Sifd^  unb  auf  bem  ©tul^L 
SBo  filje  id^? 

©ie  fi^en  an  bem  Sifd^  unb  auf  bem  ©tul^L 
SBol^in  fe^e  id^  mid^  {e^t? 
©ie  fe^en  fid^  ie^t  an  ben  Jifd^  unb  auf  ben  ©tul^I* 

Sluf^jaffen!    S)a^  ift  ber  Sleiftift! 

aSa^  ift  bie  garbe  meine^  S3Ieiftift^? 
©run,  blau,  rot,  gelb? 
©d^tDarg,  njeife,  braun  ober  gran? 
2Bo  liegt  mein  SBIeiftift? 


54 


beginners'   GERMAN 


3^r  SBIeiftift  liegt  auf  bent  Xi\d). 

SBofiin  lege  id^  meincn  SBIciftift? 

©ic  Icgen  ^^vm  53Ieiftift  auf  ben  Xi\(S). 

^\t  biefer  S3leiftift  meincr  obcr  bcr  fcine  obcr  bcr 

!5)iefer  SBIeiftift  ift  bcr  meine  unb  nid^t  ^Iircr* 


NOTE 

What  is  the  difference  between  the  possessive  adjectives 
and  the  possessive  pronouns? 

5Paffen  ®ie  ®cr  Xi\^  ift  f)od^,  aber  ber  ©tuf)I  ift  nicbrig. 
^wf*  !Dcr  3:ifd^  ift  nal^c  bei  mir,  aber  bcr  ©d^ranf  ift 

fern  (meit  ah)  t)on  mir^ 
^ft  ber  ©d^tiiffel  im  ©d^ranf ? 
©el^en  ©ie  f)ier  ben  SBifd^er  unb  bort  btn  ^orb? 
9Kit  bem  SBifd^er  tdi\d)tn  h)ir  bie  3:afel  ab. 
@in  fold^er  ^orb  fieifet  aud^  ein  *iPapierforb,  tDcil  e^ 
ein  ^orb  fiir  ba^  papier  ift» 


3«  etnem 
©rfjiilet: 

Center  unb 
Slaffe: 


aSotft^t! 


Sragen  ©ie  ben  fd^hjcren  ^orb  bor  ben  ©d&ranf ! 

id^  trage  ben  ^orb  t)or  ben  ©d^ranf, 
bu  trSgft  ben  ^orb  t)or  ben  ©d^ranf, 
cr  (fie,  e^)  triigt  ben  ^orb  tior  ben  ©d^ranf; 
n)ir  tragen  bie  ^orbe  Dor  bie  ©durante, 
il^r  tragt  bie  ^orbe  bor  bie  ©d^rcinfe, 
©ie  tragen  bie  ^orbe  t)or  bie  ©d^rcinfc^ 
fie  tragen  bie  ^orbe  t)or  bie  ©d^ranfe^ 

SBo  ftef)t  ber  ^orb  iefet? 
S)er  ^orb  ftef)t  {eljt  t)or  bent  ©d^rant 
fatten  ©ie  btn  ^orb  Jointer  ben  ©tuf)!! 
3fd^  i^alte  ben  ^orb  f)inter  btn  ©tuf)L 


BEGINNERS    GERMAN 


55 


P 


aSettetr        bu  f)Slt\t  ben  ^orb  I)mter  ben  ©tul^l, 
|t?ff<^J         cr  (ftc,  e^)  l^alt  ben  «orb  Winter  bm  ©tul&I; 
£?  maS'  tDtr  fatten  bie  «orbe  Winter  bie  ^mu  uftD. 
*  SBo  ift  ber  torb  je^t? 
3efet  ift  ber  ^orb  l^tnter  bem  ®tnf)L 
©el^en  ©te  tDteber  auf  ^i)xtn  ^la^! 
Q^  Qttjt  iDieber  anf  meinen  ^Ia^» 
3ltte,  tueiter!     bu  gel^ft  n)ieber  auf  belnen  *ipiafe, 
[  er  gel^t  tt)ieber  auf  feinen  ^lai}, 
\  fie  gelit  tDieber  auf  if)ren  "ipia^, 
I  e^  gefit  toieber  auf  feinen  ^la^; 
n)ir  gel^en  tDieber  auf  unfere  ^la^e  uftu^ 
©e^en  ®ie  fid^  auf  3f)ren  ^la^! 
S'd^  fe^e  mid^  auf  meinen  ^la^, 

Slaffe!         bu  fei5(ef)t  bid^  auf  beinen  ^lafe  uftD* ' 

Sfertig 

tnae^en!  j^q^j. 

Which  two  verbal  forms  may  be  used  as  imperatives? 
Observe  the  change  of  root-vowel  a  into  ft  in  the  second  and  third 
singular  present. 


Sonjugics 
ten  ®ie: 


id^  h)afd^e  mir  ba^  §aax  (bie  ^aare), 

bu  rt)afd^(ef)t  bir  ba^  §aar, 

'  er  tDafd^t  fid^  ba^  §aar, 

fie  iDcifd^t  fid^  ba^  ^aar, 

.  e^  tDafd^t  fid^  ba^  ^aar; 

tdix  tDafd^en  un^  bie  §aare  (ba^  §aar), 

il^r  tDafd^t  eud^  bie  ^aare, 

©ie  iDafd^en  fid^  bie  ^aare, 

fie  tDafd^en  fid^  bie  ^aare* 
^ottiugieren  ©ie  in  berfelben  SBeife  miinblid^  unb  fd^riftlid^: 
id^  n)afd^e  mir  ben  ^opf  uftt). 
id^  fd^lafe  gut  in  meinem  Sett  ufiD* 


56  beginners'   GERMAN 

@rgaf)Icn  ®tc  erft,  unb  bann  fd^rcibcn  ©ic,  tioa^ 

®ie  am  Jage  tun! 
SBann  ftef)en  @te  auf,  tDafc^en  ©te  [td^,  effen  ©le, 

gel^en  ©ie  in  btc  ©d^ulc,  fomtnen  ©ie  nad^ 

^aufe,  arbeiten  unb  fpielen  ©ie,  gel^en  ©ie  ju 

Sett? 
SBann  gefien  ©ie  in  bie  ^ird^e? 
2Ba^  tun  ©ie,  um  ba^  papier  aufjul^eben? 

^d^  ftel^e  auf,  id^  trete  au^  ber  S8anf,  id^  berlaffe 
meinen  ^lafe,  id^  bMt  mid^,  id^  f)ebe  ba^  papier 
auf,  ^d)  rid^te  mid^  auf,  id^  gel^e  auf  meinen 
*ipia^,  id^  trete  in  bie  S3anf,  id^  fe^e  mid^. 

Soniugteren  ®ie  bie^  gu  gnbe  miinblid^  unb  fd^riftlid^! 

NOTE 

What  is  the  only  true  reflexive  pronoun? 

With  what  person  is  it  used? 

Is  it  declinable? 

Are  t^  and  ba^  variable  as  indefinite  subjects? 

Can  you  now  decline  the  personal  pronouns? 

Singular 


ist  Person 

2d  Person 

3d  Person 

MASCULINE 

FEMININE 

NEUTEI 

Norn,     id) 

bu                er 

fie 

e^ 

Gen.      meiner 

beiner            feiner 

il^rer 

feiner 

Dat.      mir 

bir                if)m 

i^r 

ii^m 

Ace,      mid^ 

bid^                it)n 
Plural 

fie 

e^ 

Nom.    tDtr 

if)r    (©ie) 

fie 

Gen.      unfer 

euer  (3f)ren) 

il)rer 

Dat.       un^ 

eud&  (3f)nen) 

i^nen 

Ace.      un^ 

cud^  (©ie) 

fie 

I 


BEGINNERS     GERMAN  57 


gtt)etunb3ir)an3igfte  2lufgabc 

®inb  altc  ba  ober  fef)It  iemanb? 

Slber  tDcr  iDeife,  tDie  auf  engli[d^  l^ei^t:  3Sa^  fctilt  3f^txcn? 

iiberfefeen  ©ic  biefe  i^vaQt  in^  (Sngtifd^Cv 

Uttfcr  S^ulsimmcr 

Unfcr  ©d^uljtmmer  beftnbet  ftc^  im  ©d^ull^au^*  (£^  l^at 
Diet  SSanbe,  einen  gufeboben  unb  eine  3)e(fe»  S)er  gufeboben 
t[t  unter  un^,  btc  ©ede  iiber  un^,  2ln  htn  SBanben  befinben 
ftd^  btc  SEafeIn,  bie  be^f)alb  aud^  iffiatibtafeln  fieifecn,  §ln  ben 
SBanbeti  l^angcn  aud^  93ilber»  25or  ber  ^Ia[[e  ftel^t  ha^  ^ult 
be^  Sef)rer^»  ®a6  ©d^uljimmer  l^at  eine  Siir  nnb  fiinf  gen^ 
fter,  2ln  ber  linfen  @ette  ftnb  bie  genfter,  an  ber  rec^ten  ift 
bie  Xixv.  S)ie  Xixx  fiil^rt  anf  ben  ®ang.  ©a^  gid^t  fommt  in 
ha^  Simmtv  Don  linf^,  nid^t  Don  red^t^*  9Bir  fef)en  ben 
^immel  nnb  bie  SBoIfen  bnrd^  bie  genfter.  Unfer  ©d^nljim^ 
mer  ift  bieredig^ 

SBa^  fiir  ©ad^en  ober  ©egenftctnbe  fel^en  toir  in 

unferm  ©d^nlgimmer? 
3^ifd^en    meld^en    3^^^^^    ift   ^^\^^    ®d^nt== 

jimmer? 
5yieben  ttield^em  ^i^ttter  ift  nnfer  ©d^nljimmer? 
3ft  bie  J)ede  oben  ober  nnten? 
SBo  ift  ber  gupoben? 
SBarum  finb  bie  genfter  anf  ber  linfen  ©eite  ber 

©d^nlftnbe? 
$D?an  fann  beffer  lefen,  tDenn  ba^  Sid^t  t)on  linf^ 

fomntt* 
(g^  ift  beffer  fiir  bie  Slngen* 


58  beginners'   GERMAN 

2Ba^  fel^en  h)ir  burd^  bie  gcnftcr? 

SaSic  fonnen  tt)ir  \tatt  unfer  S^utsimmcr  fagcn? 

SBa^  fiir  ein  3tTnmer  tft  ein  ©d^ulgimmcr? 

(Sin  ©d^uljimmer  ift  ein  ^i^tncr  in  bcr  ©d^ule 

fiir  bie  ©d^liler. 
®ef)en  ®ie  {e^t  in  bie  ©d^nle? 
3^an)of)I,  id^  gel^e  je^t  in  bie  ©d^nle* 
2Ba^  fiir  ein  53oben  ift  ein  gnpoben? 
Sin  gnpoben  ift  ber  Sgoben  nnter  ben  giifeen* 
2Sa^  fiir  ein  ^orb  ift  ber  ^apierforb? 
S33a^  fiir  ein  Xu^  ift  ba^  Safd^entnd^? 
giir  bie  {Q^vc)  9Zafe  fiaben  ©ie  ein  Jafd^entud^  in 

ber  Safd^e, 
2Ba6  fiir  eine  Xafel  ift  bie  SBanbtafel? 
!J)ie  SBanbtafel  ift  eine  Jafel  an  ber  SBanb. 
SBa^  fiir  eine  U^r  ift  bie  9Banbnf)r? 
aSo  ift  bie  tlaffennf)r? 

9Ba^  fiir  ein  SSef)  ift  ha^  ^opfh)ef)?  ^atinlDe^? 
SBa^  fiir  ein  «nd^  ift  ba^  Silberbnd^? 
@^  ift  ein  iBnd^  mit  S3ilbem, 
2Ba^  fiir  eine  3^it  ift  bie  ©ontmerjeit? 
!I)ie  ©ommerjeit  ift  bie  3^it  be^  ©omnter^^ 
2Ba6  fiir  eine  3^tt  ift  bie  SBinterjeit?  ^erbftjeit? 

grii^Iing^Seit? 
2Bo  l^aben  h)ir  Sutttmerseit  gef)abt? 
SBa^  fiir  ein  dimmer  ift  ein  Sabejimmer? 
Sin  S3abejimmer  ift  ein  ^i^^^^  i^^  33aben* 
SBa^  fiir  ein  dimmer  ift  ein  SBol^ngimmer? 
(©ie  tDol^nen  in  3^l^rem  ^anfeO 
aSa^  fiir  ein  3itnmer  ift  benn  ein  d^iimmtx? 
iffio  finb  ©ie  jefet? 
3d^  bin  iefet  in  meinem  ©d^ulsimmer^ 


beginners'   GERMAN  59 

fiDitjugie^     S)u  bift  jefet  in  beinem  ©d&ulsttnmcr  uftt). 

ten  Sic  ba^  ©e^eti  ©ie  bie  SSefd^reibung  unfere^  ©d^uljim^ 

®ie  bic         Srft  munblid^,  bann  fd^riftlid^! 
fion|uga:=     33ef($reiben  ©ie  '^iix  ©d^uljimrtter,  ober  gebcn  ©ic 
^^"*  un^  eine  Sefd^reibung  bon  S^retn  ©c^uljimmer; 

t)on  3f)tem  2Bof)njimmer; 

bon  3f)rem  (gfejimmcr; 

bon  -3i^t:em  58abegimmcr! 
9JaturIi(j^  immer  miinblic^  unb  [(^riftlid^! 

NOTE 

What  can  you  say  of  compound  nouns? 

E.g. 

Which  factor  (component)  determines  their  gender  and 
their  declension? 

Which  component  has  the  accent? 

How  does  the  first  component  affect  the  meaning  of  the 
compound  noun? 

When  do  the  prepositions 

an,  auf,  l^intcr,  tiebeti,  in, 
uber,  untcr,  t>ox  unb  smif^en 

take  the  Dative?    Do  you  ask  where  or  whereto? 
When  do  these  prepositions  take  the  Accusative? 
SBie  fragen  ©ie:  SBo  ober  tt)ot)in?    Illustrate. 

From  now  on  encourage  the  students  to  ask  questions  on 
the  reading  texts,  so  as  to  stimulate  their  natural  interest 
and  curiosity  and  to  develop  their  power  of  expression. 


6o  beginners'   GERMAN 

Dreiunb3rr)an3tgfte  2lufgabe 

ijortfc^ung  t)on  „Unfcr  Sc^ulsimmcr" 

3n  unfcrcr  Piaffe  finb  iefet  nod^  16  ©driller,  b.  !)♦  ^naben 
obcr  S'ungen,  unb  28  ©d^ulerinnen,  h.  ^.  Syjabd^en,  alfo  ju^ 
famnten  44  ©driller.  2Bir  flatten  guerft  49  ©d^iiler  unb 
©d^iilcrinnen,  SBir  [tfecn  anf  33anfen,  metften^  gtDci  auf  einer 
S3anf»  2Bir  i)abm  t)iele  33ud^er  t)or  un^,  aber  fein  S3u(^  ift 
offen,  todl  tDir  ganj  aufmerffam  ftnb.  S)ie  Sel^rerin  ober 
einc  Sefirerin  lel^rt  un^  je^t  SDeutfc^,  SBir  ©d^iilcr  unb  ©c^ii^^ 
lerinnen  lernen  ie^t  J)eut[d^  in  ber  ©d^ule*  SSor  itod  ^af)vtn 
l^atten  tt)ir  nod^  fein  S)eutfd^»  SBir  lernen  ©eutfd^  berftel^en, 
fpred^en,  fd^reiben  unb  aud^  lefen,  tioa^  bie  ^auptfad^e  ift*  2Bir 
fonnen  aud^  beutfd^  gal^Ien,  red^nen  unb  fingen*  SBir  fd^reiben 
gelDol^nlid^  mit  iBIeiftift,  aber  mand^mal  aud^  mit  geber  unb 
linte*  2lm  ©onnabenb  unb  ©onntag  l^aben  tt)iv  immer 
frei^ 

©agen  ©ie,  t^ie  biele  ©driller  unb  ©d^iilerinnen  in 
3^f)rer  eignen  Piaffe  finb! 

^aben  ©ie  einen  beutfd^en  Sel^rer  ober  eine  beutfd^e 
?el^rerin? 

28ann  l^atten  ©ie  nod^  fein  S)eutfc^? 

S?or  einem  -3af)re  l^atte  id^  nod^  fein  ©eutfd^* 

Sci^rcr  unb       S)u  l^attcft  t)or  einem  S'cifire  nod^  fein  S)eutfd^, 
Piaffe:  ^r  (fie,  e^)  f)atte  bor  einem  S'al^re  nod^  fein 

S)eutf(^; 
tt)iv  ^atitn  t)or  einem  ^al^re  nod^  fein  S)eutfd^, 
ii)v  ^atUt  dor  einem  ^al^re  nod^  fein  3)eutfd^, 
©ie  l^atten  t)or  einem  Qai)xt  nod^  fein  ©eutfd^, 
fie  flatten  dor  einem  ^ctfire  nod^  fein  S)eutfd^, 


beginners'   GERMAN  6l 

^oniuqit'     3^  Icrntc  t)or  einem  3a()xc  nod^  fcin  ©cutfc^  uftD/, 
ren  Sic        [^  ^attc  mein  Sud^  bet  mir, 

id^  tnac^te  bic  erftc  Slufgabe, 

bu  mad^teft  bie  gtueitc  Slufgabc  uftD* 

Conjugate  similarly  in  full  sentences: 

legen,  ftellcn,  setgen,  leJ^rctX;  fagcn,  gcil^Icn,  rcd^ncn, 
offnen* 

NOTE 
What  are  the  endings  in  the  preterit? 
SBa^  ltt)xt  ®te  bcr  englifd^e  Sef)rer? 
aSa^  Icf)rt  ®ie  bcr  franjofifd^e  ?ef)rer? 
9Ba^  Ie]f)rt  ©ie  ber  gried^tfd^e  ?ef)rcr? 
aSa^  Ict)rt  ©ie  bcr  latcinifd^c  !2cf)rcr? 

9Bic  t)iclc  ©d^iilcr  unb  ©d^iilcrinncn  finb  in  S^rcr  cngltfd^cn 
SIa[fc?  ufm. 
9n  3)cutfd^Ianb  tDol^ncn  ©cutfd^c,  bic  3)cutfd^  fprcd^cn* 
3n  (Snglanb  tDol^ncti  Snglcinbcr,  bic  Snglifd^  fprcd^cn* 
3n  granfrctc^  n)of)ncn  gransofcn,  bic  grangofifd^  fprcd^cn* 
3n  Slmcrifa  ti3o{)ncn  Slmcrifancr,  bic  —  fprcd^cn. 
Change  the  last  four  sentences  into  the  singular! 

E.g: 

3n  Scutfd^Ianb  tt)o^nt  bcr  ©cutfd^c,  bcr  ©cutfc^  fprid^t  ufm* 
What  is  the  force  of  the  adjective-ending  -ifd^? 


62  beginners'   GERMAN 

Pierunb3tt)an3tgfte  2lufgabe 

Unfcr  Sc^ut^au^ 

Unfer  ^laffenjimmer  liegt  in  bem  ©d^ulfiau^^  Unfcr  ®(|nl^ 
]()an^  l^at  t)iele  ©d^uljtmmer,  SSenn  tt)ix  au^  nnferem  ©d^n(= 
dimmer  gef)en,  fomnten  iDtr  auf  ben  ®ang  ober  ginr*  Unfer 
@ang  ift  lang  nnb  breit,  nid^t  hirj  unb  fd^maL  cS^oIf  ©(^ul= 
jimmer  Itegen  an  unferem  ®ange.  2lud^  iiber  unb  unter  un^ 
liegen  nod^  t)tele  ©d^ulftnben.  Ol^ne  biefe  l^atten  tDtr  ntd^t 
fienug  ^ta^  filr  unfere  ©d^ulfinber*  Unfer  ©d^ull^au^  ^at 
fiinf  ©todiDerfe  ober  ©efd^offe*  SBenn  tDir  burc^  bie  ^au^tiir 
in  ba^  ©d^ulf)an^  treten,  fo  fommen  tvix  in  ba^  grbgefd^ofe. 
SBenn  tDir  eine  2:reppe  f)od^  fteigen,  fo  fommen  n)ir  in  ben  erften 
©tod.  2Bir  finb  glDei  3:reppen  f)od^,  alfo  int  jmeiten  ©todf. 
3ebe6  ©todflDerf  l^at  mef)rere  ^laffenjimnxer.  Sine  Sreppe 
fiil^rt  Don  einem  ©efd^ofe  in  ba^  anbere.  3:ief  unten  ift  ber 
teller  ntit  ^of)Ien,  ^ols  unb  anberen  ©ad^en.  §oc^  oben  ift 
ber  93oben,  ilber  bem  ftd^  ba^  S)ad^  befinbet.  !Da^  S)ad^  ift 
ber  oberfte  Seil  be^  $>aufe^.    @^  f)at  eine  braune  garbe» 

Sefd^reiben  ©ie  S^r  ©d^ulf)au^! 
2Bie  Diele  ©d^ulaintmer  l^at  e^? 
SBie  t)iele  ©todfn)erfe? 
SBelc^e  garbe? 
3eigen  ©ie  mir  ben  ®ang! 

©dottier:      Id^  aeige  ^i^tien  (bir)  ben  ©ang.    3^d&  geigte  hen 
®ang. 

Setter:        bu  jeigteft  mir  ben  ®ang, 

ataffe:  er  geigte  if)m  ben  ©ang, 
fie  seigte  il^r  ben  ®ang; 
n)ir  jeigten  eud^  bie  ©cinge, 


beginners'   GERMAN 


63 


xtjx  gcigtct  un6  bic  ®&nQt, 

ftc  gcigtcn  tfincn  bic  ©ftnflc* 

SBemanbeln  ©tc  bicfc  ®(i^e,  tnilnblt(3^  unb  fc^rtft^ 

Ii(^,  in  ben  plural  bc6  3'tnperfe!tg  (preterit) : 
3ebe^  ©todfmcrf  l^at  mel^rere  ^laffengimmcr* 
Sine  SJreppe  fiil^rt  bon  eincnt  ©efd^ofe  nad^  bcm 

anberen*  — 
2Ba^  milffen  ©ic  tun,  um  biefcn  S3rief  fiir  mici^ 

bent    ^erm    ©ircftor    (Principal)    ju   iibcr=^ 

bringcn?    ^d^  ftel^c  auf, 
id^  t)erlaffe  meinen  ^la^, 
td^  gel^e  an  ba6  Sef)rcrt3ult, 
td&  nef)me  ben  53rief, 
id)  gel^e  an  bie  2ilr, 
id^  offne  bie  Xuv, 
td^  fd^Iiege  fie, 

id^  gel^e  burd^  ben  ®ang  be6  oBeren  glurS, 
id^  gel^e  bie  Sreppe  f)inunter, 
id^  tDenbe  mid^  nad^  red^t6, 
id^  bleibe  t)or  htm  ©ireftorjimmer  ftel^en, 
id^  Hopfe  an* — 
@in.©d^uler  h)irb  gum  ©ircftor  emannt: 


S)ircltor: 

herein! 

(B^nUn 

®uten  Sag,  §err  J)ireftor! 

©ircltot: 

a3Ba6  n)oIIen  ©ie? 

Sc^iiler: 

3d&  bitte  um  33ergeil^ung. 

3d&  bringe  ^l^nen  biefen  Srief  t)on  ^erm  3£* 

2)trcItDr: 

3n  tt)el(^er  Piaffe  ift  ^err  X.  jefet? 

S^iiler: 

Sr  ift  in  feinem  3ii^^^^* 

2)ircltot: 

©riifeen  ©ie  il^n  Don  mir! 

64  beginners'  GERMAN 

©d^iiter:       3?^  banfe  fefir,    Slbicu,  ^err  ©ircftor! 

Describe  similarly  the  pupil's  return  to  class 
with  final  dialogue  between  the  teacher 
and  the  pupil, 

NOTE 
Which  case  do  the  following  prepositions  always  take: 

gegen,  urn? 
Form  sentences  for  each  preposition  to  illustrate  its  use. 

E.g. 

3d^  {)olte  mein  33ud^  fiir  i^n; 
h)ir  f)oIten  unfere  33uci)er  fiir  fie. 

SBenn  vi)  tf)n  fd^ide  (fcnbe),  um  mir  mein  33u(^  ju  bringen,  bann 
l^olt  er  tnein  93u(^. 
SBo  f)aben  tDir  jpfien  getemt? 
Sottiugtercn  ©ic  munblic^  unb  fd^riftlid^: 

id^  f)abe  ba^  SBort  Qclemt, 
bu  t)aft  ba^  SBort  Qclemt, 
er  (fie,  e^)  ):jai  ha^  SBort  gelemt; 
ttjir  {)aben  bie  SBorter  gelemt  ufm» 

td^  l^atte  ba^  SBort  gelemt, 

bu  {)atteft  ba^  9Bort  gelemt, 

er  (fie,  e^)  f)atte  ba^  SBort  gelemt  ufto. 


beginners'   GERMAN  65 

5unfunb3tt)an3igfte  2tufgabe 

Uttferc  S^ulc 

Unfere  ©d^ule  Itcgt  an  ber  ^auptftrafee  unb  l^eifet  Washing- 
ton High  School.  @te  ift  nad^  bem  SSater  unfere^  ?anbe^  he^ 
nannt*  ©te  ift  im  ^at}xt  1895  erbaut,  fo  bafe  ftc  alfo  fd^on  16 
^a^re  ftef)t  ©ie  f)at  jefet  29  «Ia[[en  unb  sa^It  ettca  1050 
©d^iiler  nnb  ©d^iilerinnen*  Sin  U)v  untcrrtd^ten  aufeer  bcni 
©ircftor  nod^  18  Sel^rer  unb  24  8ef)rerinnen^  S)ie  ©d^ule  ift 
gegen  100  gufe  lang*  SSor  ber  ©d^ule  ift  cin  fd^oner  grilner 
9tafenpla^*  Winter  ber  ©d^ule  befinben  fid^  glDei  ©d^ull^ofe 
ober  ©pielplci^e*  ®er  eine  ift  filr  bie  9K(ibd^en,  ber  anbere  fiir 
bie  ^naben*  Sinige  33aume  unb  ^flanjen,  bie  SBIumen  tragen, 
gieren  ben  ^of* 

58efd^reiben  ©ie  S^ftc  ©d^ule! 

SBo  liegt  3f)re  ©(^ule? 

2Sa^  ift  ber  5«ame  unb  ba^  Sitter  ^firer  ©d^ule? 

2Sie  ftarf  ift  bie  ©d^iiler=  unb  bie  8e]^rerjaf)l? 

aSie  lang  ift  ^lire  ©d^ule? 

SBa^  befinbet  fid^  urn  3^f)re  ©d^ule? 

2Bo  l^aben  toiv  JBaum  gelemt? 

Unfere  ©d&ule  ift  nid^t  flein^    ©ie  ift  nid^t  fo  gtof; 

tote  t)iele  anbere  ©d^ulen* 
Unfere  ©d^ule  ift  tdofjl  Reiner  al^  ntand^e  ©d^ulen; 

fie  ift  aber  nid^t  bie  Heinfte  ©d^ule  in  ber 

©tabt 

NOTE 

How  are  the  comparative  and  superlative  formed  in  Eng- 
lish?   And  how  in  German? 

Illustrate  the  comparison  by  using  in  sentences: 


66  beginners'   GERMAN 


tDantt 

reid^                Won 

Mt 

arm                 liafelid^ 

fleifeig 

lang                aufmcrffam 

faul 

furs                unaufmertfam 

3.S. 

3)ic  Jafic 

im  9Wai  finb  oft  toarm* 

J)ic  Jagc 

im  3uni  finb  n^firmcr. 

®ic  lage 

im  3uli  finb  bic  hjSrmften. 

£)ber: 

35ic  Same  mar  fo  teic^  gefkibct  tt)ie  t)ielc  ®amen» 
3cnc  S)ame  mar  rcic^er  al^  biefe  gefleibet^ 
3ene  Same  mar  am  rcic^ftcn  gefleibet. 

Is  there  any  difference  between  the  adjective  and  the  ad- 
verb in  the  positive  and  comparative  degrees? 
What  is  the  difference  in  the  superlative? 
When  is  mic  used,  and  where  is  ali^  used? 

E.g. 

@r  i)l  fo  groff  hitc  id^;  abcr 

(Sr  ift  grower  aU  id^»    Give  further  examples. 


5ed?sunb3tt)an3tgfte  2lufgabe 

SBer  l^ungrig  ift,  alfo  hunger  f)at,  ifet,  @^  f)ungert  i^n» 
233er  burftig  ift,  alfo  ©urft  ^at,  trinft.  (S^  bilrftet  i^n.  2Bir 
cffen  bie  ©uppe  mit  eitiem  SoffeL 

©a^  gleifc^  jerfc^neibet  man  mit  bem  9Wcffer  unb  i^t  e^  mit 
bcr  ©abeL  ©en  ^affee  trinft  man  au^  einer  3:affe,  b.  ^.  man 
trinft  eine  Saffe  ^affee.  ®a^  SBaffer  unb  bte  2)?il($  trinfen  mir 
au^  einem  ®Iafe,  b,  f).  mir  trinfen  ein  ®ta^  SBaffer  ober  9WiId^. 


beginners'   GERMAN  67 

!Da6  !5)tcnftTn(ibd&en  fommt  au^  bcr  ^ild^c  unb  bccft  ben 
2:i[d^  mit  einem  Jifd^tud^*  !Dann  ftelft  c^  bie  2:el{er  auf  bm 
Zi\(i).  ^a^  bem  @[fen  bleibt  man  bci  gcnxiltlid^er  Untcrfial^ 
tung  nod^  ettDa^  ft^en^ 

Ser  ©eutfd^e  fagt:  ^^nngcr  ift  ber  bcftc  ^od^»" 

SBarum  fagt  er  ba^? 

SBomit  e[[en  tr)ir? 

9Borau^  trtnfen  mir? 

SBorauf  ftellt  ba^  mnWn  bie  Jelter? 

©tellen  ®ie  gragen  iiber  bie  ©egenftcinbe  auf  bem 

mm 

©d^reiben  ©ie  baruber! 

28a6  ift  ber  Unterfd^ieb  gtt)ifd^en  einem  ®Ia^  SBaf:= 

fer  nnb  einem  SBaffergla^? 
(gin  ®Ia^  SBaffer  ift  ein  ®M  \)oU  SBaffer,  aber 

ein  aSaffergla^  ift  ein  &M  filr  SBaffer  (jum 

SBaffertrinfen)^ 
2Ba^  ift  ber  Unterfd^ieb  jlDifd^en: 
®Ia^  mil6^  nnb  ^milc^gla^? 
Jaffe  taffee  unb  ^affeetaffe? 
goffel  ©uppe  unb  ©uppenloffel? 

Soniugte*     Id^  effe  gleifd^  gem, 
ten  ©ie:       i)^  i^t  gleifc^  gem  ufrt). 

Substitute  pronouns  for  nouns  in  the  following  sentences. 

E.g. 

9Bir  effen  bie  ©uppe  mit  einem  85ffel,  becomes: 

SBir  effen  fie  bamit* 

SOtan  gerfd^neibet  ba^  gleifd^  mit  bem  5D?effer,  becomes  what? 

Wflan  ifet  ba^  gleifd^  mit  ber  ®abel,  becomes  what? 

^an  trinft  ben  Saffee  au6  einer  Jaffe,  becomes: 

2)?an  trinft  ii)n  barau^. 


68  beginners'   GERMAN 

2Ba«  toirb  au^: 
2Bir  trinten  ba6  SBaffer  au6  cincm  ©lafc? 
SBir  trinfen  bie  2)?i(d&  au6  eitiem  ®(afe? 
S)a^  ©ienftmab(i^en  becft  ben  2:if(^  mit  eincrtt  Xn6)? 
S)a^  S)tenftinab(i^cn  ftetlt  bie  2^elter  auf  ben  Xi\i),  becomes: 
@^  ober  fie        ftettt       fie  barauf* 

NOTE 

Are  the  indefinite  pronouns  man,  eth)a^,  nid^t^,  ein  paar  in- 
declinable? 

Of  what  gender  are  infinitives  used  as  nouns? 

What  is  the  agreement  of  personal  pronouns  in  the  third 
person  with  nouns  to  which  they  refer? 

When  are  the  so-called  adverbial  compounds  used  (ba  +/ 
h)0+)? 

Do  they  refer  to  things  or  to  persons? 

Do  these  compound  expressions  exist  in  English? 

Illustrate. 

Semen  ®ie  ^^,  n)a^  gar  tft  (gefod^t), 
au^menbig:  ^^nf,  m^  ttav  ift, 

©prid^,  toa^  tt)ai)v  ift!  — 
SBa^  finb  bie  ©egenteile  Don  gar,  Har,  tt)af)x? 
cSur  2Beif)na(^t^jeit  unb  befonber^  am  2Bei{)nac^t^^ 
abenb  fingen  bie  ©eutfd^en  ein  fd^one^  ?ieb* 
^d^  mxht  Qi)mn  nur  bie  erfte  ®trop{)e  babon 
geben.    9Wan  fie^t  e^  oft  aU  SSoIf^Iieb  an: 

©tine  ^ac^t,  ^eilige  ?Ja($t! 
Silted  fd^Iaft,  einfam  tt)aii)t 
9lur  ba^  traute,  l^od^fieilige  ^aar» 
^olber  ^nabe  im  lodfigen  ^aar, 
©d^Iaf  in  f)immlifd^er  dlui), 
©d^Iaf  in  f)immlifd^er  dtui)l 


beginners'   GERMAN  69 

SBtr  iDoHen  ba^  Sieb  au^tDenbig  Icmen  unb  aud) 

ftngen! 
tiberfe^en  ©ie  ba6  8ieb! 

NOTE 

bcr  ^nabe  bie  ^Jad^t  ba^  §aar 

t)oIber  Snabe  ftiltc  5>ta(^t  lodtQej^  §aar 

bic  9tul)e 

{)imTnlifc^c  $Kut)e 

How  is  an  adjective  declined  when  it  takes  the  place  of 
the  definite  article? 

What  are  the  various  endings  for  the  singular  and  plural? 
Decline  the  above  in  full. 

This  adjective  declension  is  called  the  strong  declension. 
Why? 


5iebenunb3tDan3tgfte  ^lufgabe 

3c^  iDcrbe  3f)nen  eine  ©efd^ic^te  erjaf)Ien  mit  bem  Xittl: 
jpta^rcgctt 

^n  ber  ©d^ulftube  toav  e^  in  ber  le^tett  ©tunbe  fef)r  bunfeL 
S)er  ^immel  faf)  burc^  bie  genfter  tx)ie  eine  fd^tnarggrane  SBanb. 
^anm  tDaren  tdiv  au^  ber  ©d^ule,  fo  liefen  tDvc  anf  bie  ©trafee, 
benn  nnfer  l^ef)rer  f)atte  gefagt:  „5D?a(^t,  bafe  tf)r  nad^  ^anfe 
fommt!"  Stber  ba  mitten  tm  ?anfen  iiber  ben  Tlaxtt  befam 
t(^  jn)ei  btcJe  9Jegentropfen  gerabe  auf  bie  9^afe!  3d^  mnfete 
lant  lac^en,  2lber  ha^  tDaren  nnr  bie  erften  S^ropfen  getDefen. 
^lo^Iic^  fiel  eine  99?enge,  alte  grofe  nnb  bidf  nnb  Warm  iiber 
meinen  ^opf,  meine  §lmte,  meine  ^leiber*  Stite  Seute  began^ 
nen  jn  laufen,  unb  id^  lief  mit*    ®er  Stegen  fam  in  ©tromen, 


70  beginners'   GERMAN 

unb  id^  fal^  fcincn  ^lalj,  tt)o  id)  mid^  unterftelfen  fonnte^  ^16^- 
lid^  fatn  ein  l^ellcr,  gelber  ©onncnftraf)!  jtDifd^en  ben  [c^tDarjen 
SBoIfen  l^ert)or,  fd^aute  liber  bie  naffe  ®trafee  unb  —  lad^te  bie 
naffen  ?eute  au^» 

i«ac§3lfc  grapan. 
^taqtn 

!J)unfeIte  e^  in  bent  ©d^uljinimer,  ober  n)ar  e^ 

l^ell? 
SBie  \df)  ber  ^intmel  au^? 
©ingen  bie  ^inber  langfanx  au^  ber  ©d^ule,  ober 

rannten  fie  auf  bie  ©trafee? 
SBarunx  lief  en  fie? 
SBa^  fiir  3tegentropfen  befant  ber  ©c^iiler  anf  bie 

5«afe? 
Sffiar  ber  $Regen  fd^trad^  ober  ftarf ?    SBie  ftarf ? 
S33o  iDurbe  ber  ©driller  benn  na^? 
SBa^  fam  aber  auf  einntal  au^  htn  SBoIfen? 
Unb  ma^  gefd^al^  bann? 
SBar  bie  ©trafee  nafe  ober  trodfen? 

SBieberl^oIen  ©ie  bie  ©efd^id^te  miinblid^! 
9Kad^en  ©ie  {e^t  ^^vt  Sild^er  auf,  unb  lefen  ©ie 
bie  ©efd^id^te! 

Piaffe:         SBir  madden  unfere  SBild^er  auf  unb  lefen  bie  ®e== 
fd^id^te. 
©d^reiben  ©ie  nun  bie  Srjal^Iung  an  bie  2:afel! 
SSerbeffem  ©ie  ba^  Slngefd^riebene!    (Slu^loifd^en!) 
3fe^t  toerbe  id^  S'l^nen  bie  ganje  ©efd^id^te  biftieren! 

NOTE 

Change  the  tenses  throughout  the  story  into  the  present. 
Do  you  see  any  difference  between  the  preterits? 


BEGINNERS'   GERMAN  7 1 

c6  wax  cr   fal^  ic^  licf  i^  tarn 

and 

c^  fiattc  er  lemtc  i^  gcifltc  x^  lad^te? 

Do  the  latter  have  a  tense-ending? 

And  the  former? 

^i)  fa^  is  said  to  be  a  ^/r(?wg  verb, 

id^  lerntc  is  said  to  be  a  weak  verb.    Why? 

Are  the  so-called  regular  verbs  weak? 

And  the  so-called  irregular  verbs  strong? 

Are  the  verbs  that  modify  the  stem-vowel  a  into  ix  and  c 
into  i(tc)  in  the  second  and  third  singular  present,  strong  or 
weak  verbs? 

Is  there  any  similarity  between  English  and  German  as  to 
the  conjugation  of  verbs? 

We  conjugate: 

id)  tvat  in  mcincr  ©c^ule,  h^ir  njaren  in  unfcrcn  ©c^ulen, 

ii)x  mart  in  euren  ©c^ulen, 


bu  marft  in  bciner  ©d^nle, 


©ic  njaren  in  3I)ren  ©c^nlen, 


f  cr  njar  in  feincr  ©d^ulc, 

I  fie  ttjar  in  if)rer  ©c^ulc,  ftc  toavcn  in  if)ren  ©d^ulcn* 

i  e^  mar  in  feiner  ©d^nlc, 

Conjugate  all  the  other  strong  verbs  of  the  story  in  the 
preterit,  orally  and  in  writing. 

Do  you  see  any  difference  in  the  past  participle  between 
the  weak  and  the  strong  verbs? 

E.g. 

S)er  ?cf)rcr  fiatte  gcfagt;  and 

ba^  tDarcn  bic  erften  Jropfcn  gctDcfcn. 

Does  the  past  participle  with  both  classes  of  verbs  have  a 
prefix,  called  augment? 

What  is  it?    Is  it  accented?    Is  it  a  part  of  speech? 


72  beginners'   GERMAN 

Do  the  pure,  coordinating  conjunctions: 

unb,  after,  fDnbern,  obcr,  benn 

cause  any  change  of  word-order  in  a  sentence? 

Give  illustrations,  orally  and  in  writing. 

Do  the  other  conjunctions  affect  the  order  of  words? 
How? 

E.g. 

SBir  liefen  auf  bte  ©trafee,  benn  ber  ?ef)rer  l^atte  e^  gefagt;  but 

toxx  liefen  auf  bie  ©trage,  totxl  ber  ?et)rer  e^  gefagt  ^atte* 

2ld?tunb5rt)an3tgfte  2lufgabe 

(Review) 

§eute  tDerbe  id^  ^l^nen  eine  einfa($e  ©efd^ic^te  erjal^Ien,  bie 
ber  ©id^ter  ®oetf)e  in  etnem  giebe  beftngt:  Sine  Heine  9Jofe,  etn 
9J6^Ietn,  ftanb  auf  ber  §eibe.  ©a^  SJo^Iein  tuar  jung  unb  fo 
fd^on  tuie  ber  frifd^e  $D^orgen,  (gin  J?na&e  fal^  ha%  9?o6lein. 
(£r  tt)ar  tuilb,  unb  fo  lief  er  fd^nell,  benn  er  tuollte  "ta^  Sto^- 
lein  bred^en*  3)ie  Eletne  9?ofe  aber  tuefirte  ftd^  unb  ftad^  il^n. 
3)od^  ber  tDilbe  ^nabe  brad^  ha^  9io^Iein  tro^bent*    Slrnie^ 

3)a6  ©ebid^t  f)et6t  ^etbcnroj^Ietn. 

S)te  erfte  ©tropl^e  lautet  folgenbermafeen: 

!♦     ©al^  ein  ^nab^  ein  SJo^Iein  ftel^n, 
9to^Iein  auf  ber  ^eiben, 
SBar  fo  jung  unb  morgenfd^on, 
8ief  er  fd^nell,  e6  nal^^  gu  fel^n, 
©al^'^  ntit  t)telen  greuben^ 

^o^Iein,  9Jo^Iein,  $Ro^Iein  rot, 

SJo^kin  auf  ber  ^eiben* 


BEGINNERS     GERMAN  73 

!Dic  ^etbe  l^etfet  auf  englifd^  the  heath. 

©agen  @ie:  ba^  9to^Iein  [tel^t  auf  ber  ^eiben? 

2Ba^  fonnen  ©te  ftatt  er  fall  unb  er  Ucf  fagen? 

©al^  ber  ^nabe  ba^  SJo^c^en  gem? 

SBar  ha^  dtMdn  fd^on  ober  l^afelid^? 

©e^en  ©te  bie  erfte  ©tropfie  biefe^  Siebe^  in  rid^- 

tige  ^rofa! 
S3erfte]^en  ©ie  nun  bie  erfte  ©tropl^e  ganj? 
S)ann  h)otten  n^ir  fie  fingen! 

3)ie  sniiette  ©troptie  ift,  lt)ie  folgt: 

2.     ^nabe  fprad^:  id)  bred^e  bid^, 
9t6^Iein  auf  ber  ^eiben! 
9?o^Iein  fprad^:  id^  fted^e  bid^, 
©a^  bu  etDig  benfft  an  mid^, 
Unb  id^  tDiir^  nid^t  leiben^ 

ato^Iein,  dtMein,  dlMdn  rot, 

Jto^lein  auf  ber  §eiben. 

Q:toxq  i)d^t:  auf  immer* 

Seibcn  ift  l^ier  ba^felbe  h3ie  laffen* 

3fft  bie^  "iProfa-SBortftellung:  bafe  bu  elDig  benfft 

an  mid^? 
®enft  ber  ^nabe  baran,  bafe  ba^  3io^Iein  fterben 

mufe? 

^onjugieren  ©ie: 

id^  bred^e  ba^  9to^Iein, 
bu  brid^ft  ha^  JKo^Iein, 
er  (fie,  e^)  brid^t  ba^  JRo^Iein; 
tDir  bred^en  bie  JRo^Iein  uftt)^ 


74  beginners'   GERMAN 

@6cnfo: 

id^  ftcd^c  ben  ^naitn. 

SSerftc^en  ®ic  bic  jlDcitc  ©tropl^c  bc6  ®cbi(|tc^r 

®ann  fingen  toir  ben  jtceiten  25er^  babon! 

Unb  nun  fommt  bie  britte  unb  le^te  ©tropl^e: 

3^     Unb  ber  tDiIbe  ^nabe  bvai) 
^^  dtMdn  auf  ber  ^eiben* 
dtMdn  m^xtt  ftd^  unb  ftad^, 
§alf  i^m  boii)  Inn  2Bef|  unb  2ld^, 
SKufet^  e^  eben  leiben^ 

dlMdn,  dtMdn,  dtMdn  rot, 

8?6^lem  auf  ber  ^dhtn. 

aSa^  tat  ber  tnabe  mit  bent  dtMdn? 

Siefe  ft(^  ba^  dtMdn  ba^  ruf)ig  gef alien? 

^alf  tf)m  aber  fein  ^lagen  ettDa^? 

Xat  bem  ^naben  ba6  Sto^Iein  nid^t  leib? 

SSerftel^en  ®ie  jefet  bie  le^te  ©tropfie? 

!Dann  tDoHen  n)ir  fie  aud^  fingen! 

aWorgen  ntliffen  ©ie  bie  erfte  ©tropl^e  au^menbig 
h)iffen,  unb  iibemiorgen  nxiiffen  ©ie  ba^  ganje 
?ieb  au6n)enbig  h)iffen  unb  e^  aud^  an  bie  Jafel 
fd^reiben  fonnen! 

©oetl^e,  ber  grofete  S)id^ter  !Deutfd&Ianb^  unb  einer 
ber  beften  S)id^ter  ber  ganjen  SBelt,  f)at  biefe^ 
?ieb  „^eibenro^Iein''  gebid^tet,  ®oetf)e  tDurbe 
im  ^a^vt  1749  in  granffurt  am  9Wain  geboren 
unb  ift  erft  im  Qai)xe  1832  geftorben*  (gr  lebte 
alfo  t)on  1749  bi^  1832  unb  tDurbe  beina^e  83 
3^al^re  alt»    S'eber  S)eutfd^e  fennt  ha^  „^eiben== 


beginners'   GERMAN  75 

ro^Iciti."     @^  ift  cinfad^  unb  fcfir  Ici($t  ju 

\)tx\ttt)tn. 
S)cr  grofec  beutfc^c  3)id^tcr  ©driller  ift  setin  Satire 

[pater  al^  ©oetl^e  geboren,  tDdl^renb  ber  grofee 

granjofe,  9^apoIeon  I.  (ber  (grfte),  stDanjig  3a{)re 

fpciter  aU  ®oetf)e  jur  SBelt  fam» 
SBann  ftnb  baf)er  ©driller  unb  9tapoIeon  I*  ge^ 

boren? 
SJBer  i[t  ber  ciltefie  bon  ben  brei  beriil^mten  9Wan^ 

nern? 
SBer  ift  ber  iiingfte? 

2Bar  ©d^itter  {linger  ober  alter  aU  ©oetl^e? 
SBar  9^apoIeon  L  ebenfo  alt  tDie  ©driller? 

NOTE 
Make  a  list  of  all  the  strong  verbs  in  this  lesson. 


neununb3ipan3tgfte  2lufgabe 
$eute  tDerbe  id^  ^i^tien  eine  turje  Slnefbote  t)ortragen: 

©bcltnann  unb  ©artner 

(gin  Sbelntann  befud^te  ^(il^renb  grower  ©ommerf)i^e  feinen 
©arten*  (gr  ging  barin  fpajieren  unb  befal^  bie  t)ielen  bliil^enben 
S3Iunten  unb  ha^  9Baffer,  ba^  burd^  feinen  ^arf,  feinen  28alb, 
flofe*  ©a  fanb  er  hm  ©ctrtner,  n)eld^er  feinen  §errn  nid^t  er^ 
h)artet  l^atte,  unter  einem  93aume  fd^Iafen,  cS^rnig  ging  er 
auf  if)n  lo^  unb  rief:  ,,©d^urfe!  S)u  liegft  f)ier,  anftatt  gu  ar- 
beiten;  bu  berbienft  nid^t,  bafe  bid^  bie  ©onne  befd^eint!"  5)er 
©artner  anttDortete  ru^ig:  „^(i)  tDeife  ba6,  mein  ^err;  be^l^alb 
l^abe  id^  mid^  in  htn  ©d^atten  gelegt*" 


76  beginners'   GERMAN 

SScrftcl^en  ®te  bte[e  Slnefbote? 
SBeld^e  SBorter  finb  Q^ntn  unbefannt? 
S)cutfd^Ianb    f)at   iBiirger   unb    @bcKcutc»     ©ic 

Seute  don  l^ol^er  ®eburt  f)ei6en  (Sbelleute*    3^^ 

Slmerifa  gibt  e^  feine  Sbelleute* 
3*>nitg  iieifet  (irgerlid^  unb  ift  ein  ©egentetl  bon 

ruliig. 
SBo  fiaben  lt)ir  JRui^  gelernt?   Unb  tDo  ru^tg? 
2Bo  l^aben  mir  f^tafcn  gef)abt? 
SBo  bie  ©ottue  unb  i^  njctft?    2Bo  SB  lumen? 

i^ragen 

2Ber  befud^tc  einmal  feinen  ®arten,  b.  1^.  trer  ging 

einmal  in  feinen  ©arten? 
3Ba^  tat  ber  gbelmann? 
SSann  ging  er  in  feinen  ©arten? 
SBol^in  ging  er  iDcifirenb  grower  ©ommerl^ifee? 
2Bie  tdav  ber  ©arten? 
SBa^  befal^  fid^  ber  ©belmann? 
SBen  fanb  er? 
2Bo  tDar  ber  ©cirtner? 

SBar  er  auf  einer  SBiefe  (meadow)?  \ 

SBarum  derliefe  ber  gbelmann  ha^  §au^?  i 

SBarurrt  ber  ©cirtner? 

9Ber  tdav  ber  §err?  j 

SBeffen  ©iener  n^ar  ber  ©cirtner? 
2Bem  gef)orte  ber  ^arf  unb  atle^  barin?  1 

2Ba6  fur  ein  ©arten  \ioav  e^?  j 

SBie  fprad^  ber  Sbelmann  feinen  ©artner  an?  t 

SBol^er  toiffen  ©ie,  bafe  ber  §err  gornig  n)ar?  | 

SBeffen  SlnttDort  toav  ruf)ig? 

SBieberl^oIen  ©ie  munblid^  bie  ganje  ©efd^id^te! 


beginners'   GERMAN  77 

Sefen  ©ie  je^t  bte  Slnefbote! 
©d^reiben  ©ie  ba6  ©tiid  an  bie  Xa^dl 
SWorgcn  tDerben  tDir  ein  ©iftat  bariiber  l^abcn^ 

Make  the  following  changes,  both  orally  and 
in  writing: 

1.  Change  the  singulars  into  plurals. 

2.  Substitute    other   prepositions    for    those 

given. 

3.  Change  the  tenses  given  into  the  present. 

4.  Change  the  tenses  given  into  the  perfect. 

5.  Change  the  tenses  given  into  the  pluper- 

fect. 

6.  Change  the  tenses  given  into  the  future. 

7.  Use  subordinating  conjunctions,   thereby 

changing  the  order  of  words. 

NOTE 

Declension  of  the  interrogative  pronoun. 

Nominative  tticr  tott)^ 

Genitii^e  toeffctt  — 

Dative  hJCttl  — 

Accusative  tnett  toa^ 

How  do  you  decline  the  relative  pronoun  ber,  bie,  ia^? 
Observe: 

f  m.  Sin  Sbelmann,  beffen  ©cirtncr  fd^Iief,  gtng  fpasiercn. 
Sing.  G.  I  /.    Sine  (Sbelfrau,  beren  ©artner  fd^Itef,  ging  fpa^ieren. 
I  n,  ®TX  graulein,  beffen  ©cirtner  fd^Iief,  gtng  fpagieren. 

pj  .  G.  Sbelleute,  beren  ©cirtner  fd^Iiefen,  gingen  fpajieren. 
D.  (SbeEeute,  benen  bie  ©artner  folgten,  iDurben  gomig. 

The  relative  pronoun  is  never  omitte4  in  German, 


78  beginners'   GERMAN 

What  is  the  difference  in  declension  between  bet,  bte,  ia^ 
as  definite  article  and  as  relative  (demonstrative)  pronoun? 
Illustrate. 

What  are  the  two  ways  of  introducing  subordinate  clauses? 
Illustrate. 

If  the  conjunction  is  omitted,  does  the  dependent  order 
remain  the  same? 

What  case  is  used  with  the  preposition  toatitcnh? 

WORD  FORMATION 

5D?an  9c{)t  cincn  @ang.  9D?an  tDtrft  cincn  SBurf. 

$01an  ftngt  einen  — ♦  9D?an  trinft  eittcn  — ♦ 

@^  flingt  tin  — ♦  Tlan  fprid^t  einen  — . 

How  are  these  nouns  formed?    Of  what  gender  are  they? 


Dret^tgfte  2lufgabe 

In  giving  the  principal  parts  (bie  ©runbformen)  of  verbs, 
we  must  know  the:  i.  Present  Infinitive,  2.  Preterit,  3.  Past 
Participle. 

The  weak  (regular)  verbs  are  thus  given:  i.  lemen,  2.  lemte, 
3.  gelemt. 

In  giving  the  principal  parts  of  strong  verbs,  we  have  to 
distinguish  seven  classes  of  verbs,  grouped  according  to  their 
root-vowel  change  (called  Ablaut). 

Give  the  principal  parts  of  all  verbs  in  sentences  in  the 
third  singular  present,  preterit,  (future,  and)  perfect. 

E.g. 

er  finbet  ben  ©drtner,  er  Iduft  in  ben  ©arten, 

er  fanb  ben  ®artner,  er  lief  in  ben  ®arten, 

er  iDirb  ben  ©artner  finben,  er  tDtrb  in  ben  ®arten  laufen, 

er  f)at  htn  ©artner  gefunben;  er  ift  in  ben  ©arten  gelaufen. 


beginners'   GERMAN 


79 


We  shall  classify  the  strong  verbs  into  one  of  the  following 
seven  classes: 


CLASS 

INFINITIVE 

PRETERIT 

PAST  PARTICIPLE 

1 

ci 

i(ie) 

i(ie) 

2 

tc 

0 

0 

3 

i 

a 

u(o) 

4 

c 

a 

0 

5 

e 

a 

e 

6 

a 

u 

a 

7 

a  (and  other  vowels^ 

)  ie  (i) 

a  (and  other  vowels) 

Examples  taken  from  the 

preceding  lessons 

: 

1. 

fd^rcibcn, 

fd^rtcb, 

gcfd^ricben, 

fd^mciQcn, 

— 

— 

fd^cincn, 

— 

— 

biciben, 

— 

— 

bcifeen, 

m. 

aebiffcn, 

fitcifen, 

— 

— 

pfcifcn, 

— 

— 

(gcr)fc^neibcn, 

fc^nttt, 

gefd^nittcn^ 

2. 

ried^en, 

vo^, 

gerod^en, 

friercn, 

— 

— 

flicfeen,  . 

— 

— 

fd^Iicgen, 

— 

— 

3. 

fingcn, 

fang, 

gcfunQcn, 

(Dcr)fd^Iingcn, 

— 

— 

finbcn, 

— 

— 

trinfcn, 

— 

— 

bcQinncn^ 

begann, 

bcgonncn. 

4. 

fprcd^CTi, 

fprad^, 

gcfprod^n, 

ftcrbcn, 

— 

— 

brcd^cn, 

— 

— 

l^clfen, 

— 

— 

ftcd^cn, 

— 

— 

8o 


beginners'   GERMAN 


neI)Tnen, 

nai)m, 

genontmen, 

tDerben, 

(marb) 
tDurbe, 

getDorben. 

(And)  f  ommen, 

fam, 

gefommen. 

5.    lefcn, 

M, 

gelefen, 

gebcn. 

— 

— 

treten, 

— 

— 

effen, 

a6, 

gegeffen^ 

(And)  liegen, 

to9. 

gelegen, 

fifeen, 

fafe, 

gefeffen. 

6,    tragcn, 

trug, 

getragen. 

tDafc^en, 

— 

— 

tDad^fen, 

— 

— 

(fort)fa^ren, 

fuf)r  (fort), 

(fort)gefaf)ren. 

7.    I^altcn, 

W% 

gef)alten. 

f^tafen, 

— 

— 

fatten, 

— 

" — 

(t)er)Iaffen, 

— 

— 

fangen, 

ftng, 

gefangen. 

fieifeen, 

f)ie6, 

ge{)eifeen, 

laufen, 

lief, 

gelaufen. 

rufen, 

rtef. 

gerufen. 

9ct)en, 

fiing. 

gegangen. 

State  with  each  verb  where  it  occurred  for  the  first  time, 
i.e.  give  the  sentence,  as  far  as  possible. 

(a)  Form  sentences  of  your  own  with  the  preterit 

for  the  verbs  fd)rcibcn  to  fd^nciben* 

(b)  Form  sentences  with  the  perfect 

for  the  verbs  6Ict6cn  to  bcgtnttcn* 

(c)  Form  sentences  in  the  singular  present 

for  the  verbs  of  classes  4-7. 

Give  the  synopsis  of  a  verb  in  complete  sentences. 


beginners'   GERMAN  8l 

E.g. 

Present  —  id)  fd^retbe  meine  Stufgabe* 
Preterit  —  bu  f(^rteb[t  beine  Slufgabe. 
Future  —  er  tnirb  feine  Slufgabe  fc^reiben* 
Perfect  —  tt)ir  I)aben  un[ere  SlufQaben  gefc^rieben^ 
Pluperfect  —  i^r  ()attet  eure  Slufgaben  gefc^rieben*    . 
Perf.  Cond.  —  fie  tDiirben  if)re  Slufgaben  gefd^rieben  l^aben. 

Use  as  the  last  form  the  perfect  conditional,  and  not  the 
future  perfect,  as  it  is  scarcely  ever  used  in  common  speech. 

Apply  this  scheme,  or  any  variation  of  it,  orally  or  in 
writing,  to  all  the  verbs,  omitting  f^cittett,  flicfecn,  ftcrficn* 


€tnunbbrei^tgfte  2lufgabe 

§eute  totvhm  toiv  eine  neue  ©efd^id^te  burd^nel^men,  bic  fol- 
flcnbcn  Xitd  l^at: 

^a^  foftfiarc  Stauttcin 

Stod  Sjyjcigbe,  3lnna  unb  9Kartl^a,  gingen  nad)  ber  (Btaht, 
nnb  iebe  trug  einen  fc^tDcren  itorb  boll  Obft  anf  betn  ^opfe> 
2lnna  murrte  unb  feufjte  beftcinbig,  Waxti)a  aber  lac^te  unb 
fd^erjte,  §lnna  fagte:  ,,SBie  magft  bu  nur  lad^en?  Sein  .$?orb 
tft  ia  fo  fd^mer  tnie  ber  meinige,  unb  bu  bift  nid^t  ftcirfer  al^  id)." 
W:axti)a  \pxad):  ,,®u  fiaft  rec^t,  mein  ^orb  i[t  fo  f(^tt)er  iDte  ber 
beinige,  aber  id^  l^abe  etn  geiDiffe^  ^rautlein  gur  SSixrbe  gelegt, 
balder  fill^Ie  id^  fie  faum,"  „^i"  rief  Slnna,  „ba^  mufe  ein  foft- 
bare^  ^rciutlein  fein,  ®ag  mir  bod^,  h)te  e^  ^d^t"  Wflavti)a 
antn)ortete:  „©a^  foftbare  ^rciutletn,  ba^  aCe  gaften  letd^ter 
ntad^t,  l^etfet  —  ©ebulb."    2)?erfe  btr,  Slnna,  unb  benfe  baran: 

„?eid^ter  tragi,  toa^  er  aud^  trcigt, 
SBer  ©ebulb  sur  iBiirbe  legt'' 


82  beginners'   GERMAN 

SScrftcficn  ®ic  bicfc  Slncfbotc? 

SBa^  fonncn  ®ie  ftatt  ^totx  StRagbe  fagcn? 

2Ba^  fur  ein  torb  ift  citi  Rovb  tjoll  Obft? 

SBa^  ift  abcr  cin  Obftforb? 

Obft  ift  ba^felbc  tok  grilci^te.    griid^tc  finb  Spfcl, 

58irnen,  ^flaumcn  ufm* 
SBo  tiabcn  n)ir  fjriic^te  guerft  gebabt? 
@inb  rcifc  J^^^tc  meiftcn^  fiife  obcr  fauer? 
JBeftanbig  f)eifet  immcr* 
2Bic  iiberfe^en  ©ie  tiur,  ja,  boci^? 

fjragen 

2Bie  l^cifet  bie  neuc  ©cfd^id^tc? 

S)ic  neuc  ©efc^id^tc  l^ei^t . .  ♦ 

2Ba^  ift  ber  Xitel  bcr  neuen  ©efd^id^te? 

S[Bot)on  f)oren  n)ir  in  ber  neuen  ©efd^ic^te? 

SBeld^e  neue  ©efd^id^te  lefen  tDir  jefet? 

SBol^in  finb  bie  TlaQht  gegangen? 

©ie  finb  in  —  ©tabt  gegangen. 

SBie  tdav  ber  ^orb,  fc^tt)er  ober  leid^t? 

SBaren  bie  ^orbe  gleid^  fd^lrer,  ober  tt)av  ein  ^orb 

fc^tDerer? 
SBar  §lnna^  ^orb  fd^iDerer?   (Slnna;^  =  ber  §lnnaO 
SBie  benal^m  fid^  2lnna,  unb  tda^  fagte  fie? 
9Bie  benal^m  fid^  SWartfia,  unb  toa^  fagte  fie? 
Smpfanb    ober   fiif)Ite   Slnna   bie   ©d^n)ere   ber 

Slirbe? 
SBie  l^eifet  ba^  foftbare  ^rautlein? 

Semen  ®ie  ben  ©prud^  au^toenbig! 
2Bieberf)oIen  ©ie  nun  bie  ganje  ©efd^id^te! 
©d^reiben  ©ie  biefelbe  an  bie  Safel! 


beginners'   GERMAN 


83 


Give  a  synopsis  of: 
id^  gel^e  f)eutc  in  bic  ©tabt 

©el^en  is  really  an  irregular  strong  verb,  as  are 
fcin  tt)ar  8crt)efen 

ftctfen  ftanb  gcftanben 

iwx  tat  getatt 

Give  the  principal  parts  of  these  four  verbs 

in  sentences. 
Where  are  adverbs  of  time  placed?    Before 

other  adverbial  modifiers?    How  are  proper 

nouns  declined? 
What  can  you  say  instead  of  bcr  mctnigc  and 

bet  bctntge? 
Of  what  is  5ur  a  contraction? 
Give  similar  cases  of  contraction. 
What  are  the  principal  parts  of  l^ciftcn? 
Note  the  difference  between  ^ctften  and  the 

other  verbs  with  root-vowel  -ei-* 
Change  all  preterits  into : 

1.  the  present  tense, 

2.  the  pluperfect. 

Rewrite  the  whole  story  by  substituting 
synonyms  for  as  many  words  and  expres- 
sions as  possible. 


Nominative 
Accusative 
Genitive 
Dative 


NOTE 
Declension 

Singular 

bic  ncuc  ©efd^id^tc 

ber  ncuctt  ©efd^id^te 
ber  ncuen  ©cfd^id^tc 


Plural 

bic  ncucn  ©cfd^td^tcn 

bcr  ncuctt  ©cfd^id^tcn 
ben  ncucn  ©efd^id^tcn 


84  beginners'   GERMAN 

Decline  in  the  same  way  in  sentences: 

bic  faule  5)Wa9b,  bie  flelfeige  9J?agb, 

biefe  grofee  ®tabt,  jenc  fleine  ®tabt, 

iebe  fc^toere  ?aft,  melc^e  fd^mcrc  8aft  (33iirbc). 

Why  should  this  attributive  declension  be  called  weak? 

What  is  the  difference  between  it  and  the  so-called  strong 
declension  of  adjectives?    Illustrate. 

Change  in  the  following,  orally  and  in  writing,  the  plurals 
into  singulars: 

N,    Sie  faulen  SWagbc  fttib  gu  §aufe. 

G.     Sie  9^amen  ber  faulen  SKcigbe  ftnb  2lnna  unb  9)Jartf)a, 

D.     gr  gibt  ben  faulen  SJJagben  fein  @elb» 

^.     SBir  I)aben  geftern  bic  faulen  9}Jagbe  in  ber  ©tabt  gefef)en* 


^tt)etunbbrei§igfte  2lufgabe 

3um  griiMtud  befommt  ba^  beutfd^e  ^inb  ©emmel  unb 
S3rot,  am  gefttag  aud^  Xdoiji  ein  ©tilrf  .Sluc^en.  ^uc^en,  ®em^ 
met  unb  Srot  bacft  ber  iBader  au^  2)?e^I.  ®a^  a«e^t  maf)It 
ber  SKiiller  au^  2Beijen=  unb  au^  S^oggenfornd^en;  btefe  fauft 
er  t)om  33auer»  ®er  33auer  bebaut  ha^  gelb  unb  fat  bie  fletnen 
©etreibeforner  f)inetn,  (Sin  SBei^en^  unb  9?oggenfornc^en  ift 
ein  febr  fleine^  ®ing,  nod&  fleiner  al^  ber  5RageI  ant  fleinen 
ginger  eine^  fleinen  ^inbe^»  (S^  ]^at  etne  bilnne,  trodene 
©d^ate;  innen  ift  t^etfee^  9D?ef)I,  unb  in  bem  Wt\)l  liegt  ein  gang 
fleiner  ^etnt,  ber  nid^t  grower  ift  aU  ein  ©tedfnabelfopf,  — 
S)er  ^eim  fd^Icift  im  ©etreibeforn  tok  ba6  fleine  iS^inb  tm  iBett, 
5tu^  bem  fleinen  ^orn  ertndc^ft  aber  ein  §alm,  fo  l^od^  trie  ein 
50Jann,  unten  mit  SSurjeIn  unb  S3Iattern,  oben  mtt  etner  Sl^re. 
3n  ber  Sfire  btlben  ftd^  toieber  Diele  neue  ©etreibeforner,    2lu^ 


beginners'   GERMAN  85 

bem  einen  ^ornd^en,  ha^  bet  Sauer  in  bie  (grbe  Icgt,  ftnb  ifirer 
bielc  getDorben,  Did  Tnef)r  al6  ein  ^inb  ginger  ^at  Sinen 
©acf  t)o{I  fat  ber  S3auer  im  griil^iafir  au^,  t)iele  ©tide  dolt 
bringt  er  im  ^erbfte  toieber  nad^  ^aufe,  —  S)ic  Siere,  j.  i8. 
bie  SSogel,  bie  §enne,  bie  ®an^,  bie  ^ul^  unb  ba^  ^ferb,  freffen 
bie  fleinen  ©etreibefomer  gem*  S)ie  Heinen  Corner  emal^ren 
auc^  grofee  Seute,  felbft  ^aifer  unb  ^onige* 

^a^  $.  SSagner. 

SBeld^e  SBorter  tierftelien  ©ie  nid^t? 

^a§  fjrittiftud  ift  ba^  erfte  (gffen  frilf)  am  90^orgen. 

SBa^  ift  ba^  2)?ittage[fen?  ba^  3lbenbe[fen? 

2)ic  Semmel  ift  ein  53rotd^en»    2Ba^  ift  ein  S&vbU 

c^en? 
2)ie  SBurjetn  eine^  iBaume^  finb  in  ber  @rbe, 
2)ie  SJijgel  fliegen  in  ber  8uft;  bie  ®an^  fd^n)immt 

auf  bem  SBaffer* 
2Ba6  ifet  ha^  beutfd^e  ^inb  gum  grilMtild? 
SBorau^  iDirb  ba^  tctglid^e  33rot  gemac^t? 
iffio^er  fommt  ba^  9We^I? 
grjci^Ien  ©ie  ha^  gange  ©tild  nod^  einmal! 
gefen  ©ie  e^  nun! 
©d^rei6en  ©ie  e^  jie^t  an  bie  SBanbtafel! 

Semen  ®te  aui^ttienbig: 

S)er  ganbmann  pflangt  mit  mW  ^nb  9tot 
3)a^  ^om  filr  unfer  tctglid^  iSrot. 
3um  adulter  iDirb  ba^  ^orn  gebrad^t 
Unb  feine^  SJJel^I  barau^  gemad^t. 
©er  S3(idfer  nimmt  ba^  9Wel^I  in^  ^au^ 
Unb  bddft  im  Ofen  iBrot  barau^* 
®ie  abutter  ftreid^t  bie  S3utter  brauf, 
S)ie  ^inber  effen  atte^  auf* 


86 


beginners'   GERMAN 


NOTE 

Declension 

Singular 

Plural 

Nominative 
Accusative 

ba^  Heine  tinb 

bie  Meinen  Sinber 

Genitive 

be^  fleinen  ^inbe^ 

ber  fleinen  finber 

Dative 

bem  fleinen  ^inb 

htn  fleinen  ilinbem 

Decline  similarly  in  sentences: 

ba^  Qtofee  ^om,  biefe^  iDei^e  2)?ef)I, 

'tid^  fleine  S3Iatt,  iene^  fd^marse  ©ing, 

iebe^  alte  Jier, 

meld^e^  iunge  ^ferb» 

SBa^  tut  ber  mdtx? 

2Ba6  tut  ber  gWiiller?    ©r  ma^It  U^  mt% 

Unb  ber  arjaler?   2)er  SWaler  malt  ba^  Silb. 

9Ba6  tut  ber  iBauer? 

9Bie  nennt  man  feine  grau? 

9Ba^  tut  ein  8ef)rer  ober  eine  ?e]^rerin? 

SBa^  ein  ©d^reiber?  ©id^ter?  ©d^neiber?  Jifd^Ier? 

S)er  aWann,  ber  ^ilte  mad^t,  ift  ein  ^utmad^er^ 

SBa^  fiir  ein  9Kann  ift  ein  ©d^ufimad^er?  ein  Uf)r^ 

madder? 
©in  Ul^nnad^er  mad^t  Uf)ren  in  ber  U]&rmad^er== 

njerfftatte. 
2Bir  nennen  bic  iJBerfftcitte  cine^  33fidfer^  eine 

iBadferei, 
iffia^  ift  eine  Xifd^Ierei? 

WORD  FORMATION 

What  kind  of  nouns  does  the  nominal  suffix  -er  form,  ex- 
pressing what?    Of  what  gender  are  these  nouns? 


beginners'   GERMAN  87 

What  can  you  say  of  the  force  of   the  noun-suffix  -itt 
(Plural  -inncn)?    Of  what  gender  are  these  nouns? 
How  about  the  suffix  -ci?    Of  what  gender? 
Make  a  list  of  the  feminine  nouns  with  the  suffixes: 

-ci,  -i}dt,  -tdt, 
-in,  -fd^aft,  -ung, 
-ic,  -if,  -ion. 

Of  what  origin  are  the  last  three? 
What  neuter  suffixes  have  we  had?    Give  examples. 
How  do  you  translate  biefcr  and  jctict? 
Is  there  any  difference  in  English  between  the  use  of  the 
latter  and  the  former? 


Dretunbbrei^tgfte  2lufgabe 

Sic  bcutfi^c  SaifcrfamiKc 

^atfer  9BiIf)eIm  I.  (ber  grfte)  tft  fe^r  alt  gclDorbcn.  2H^  cr 
am  9.  9Karj  1888  ftarb,  h)ar  er  fa[t  91  ^(i))xt  alt,  ha  cr  am 
22.  9)?cirj  1797  gcborcn  iDurbc.  ?iac^  bcm  STobc  bc^  crftcn 
§o]^enjoIIcrn=,Slaifer^  bcfticg  bcr  franfc  ^ronprinj  ben  Sl^ron. 
%U  ^aifer  fiiefe  er  griebric^  III.  (ber  S)ritte).  (Sr  Xoox  ber 
Siebling  be^  beutfd^en  S3oHe^.  9Wan  nannte  if)n  iiberall  nur 
,,Unfern  %xx%"  Salter  tat  c^  bcm  SBoIfc  fo  leib,  ha'ii  bem 
gnjeiten  beutfd^en  ^aifer  cine  fo  furje  SJegiemng  befc^ieben  Xoax. 
©d^on  nac^  99  Jagen  [tarb  er  am  15.  -^uni  1888.  —  ^n  bem^ 
felben  S'afire,  in  bem  ber  erfte  beutfd^e  ^atfer  geftorben  Xoox, 
faf)  S)entfd^Ianb  aud^  ben  jtDeiten  ^aifer  in^  @rab  finfen.  !Da^ 
3af)r  1888  l^at  alfo  brei  beutfd^e  ^aifer  auf  bem  beutfd^en 
Sfirone  gefefien.    S)er  britte  beutfd^e  ^aifer  ift  SSil^clm  II. 


88  beginners'   GERMAN 

(gr  ift  ber  iefeige  ^aifer  unb  regiert  feit  bent  15.  3uni  1888. 
gr  ift  ber  ©of)n  griebrtdf)^  III.  (be^g  ©ritten)  unb  ber  gnfel 
mmm^  L  tdfer  SSilfielm  II.  Innrbe  am  27.  .^anuar  1859 
geboren.  S)ie  beutfc^e  ^aiferin  f)ei6t  Slngufte  SSiftoria.  J)ie 
l^ol^en  (gitem  l^aben  fieben  ^inber,  nantlid^  fec^^  ^rinjen  unb 
eine  ^rinjefftn.  S)er  ditefte  ^rtnj  ift  ber  ^ronprinj  5riebri(^ 
aSil^elm.    @r  U)urbe  1882  geboren. 

??tagett 

SBie  f)ie^  ber  erfte  beutfci^e  ^aifer,  unb  toic  alt 

n)urbe  er? 
9Ber  tarn  nad)  bent  Sobe  be^  erften  beutfd^en  ^ai= 

fer^  auf  ben  Xi)von? 
SBeffen  Siebling  inar  griebrid^  III.? 
9Bar  benx  jlneiten  beutfd^en  ^aifer  ein  lange^  2thtn 

befd^ieben? 
^n  tneld^ent  ^ai)vt  fafien  bie  3)eutf(^en  aud^  btn 

gtneiten  ^aifer  in^  ®rab  finfen? 
28ie  biele  ^aifer  iDaren  alfo  im  ^ai)ve  1888  auf 

bent  2f)ron? 
9Bie  nannte  ba^  SSoIf  ben  franfen  ^^fiebrid^  III.? 
aSeld^en  ^aifer  f)aben  bie  ©eutfd^en  jefet?  SBie  alt 

ift  er? 
SBie  biele  ^inber  f)at  ba^  je^ige  ^aiferpaar  0)abtn 

bie  ie^igen  ^ol^engoltern)  ? 

SBieberl^oIen  ©ie,  tna^  ©ie  bon  ben  beutfd^en  ^ai^ 

fern  gel^ort  fiaben! 
©eben  @ie  bie  Seamen  ber  erften  ^aifer  an! 
Sefen  ©ie  nun  ba^  ?efeftiidf! 
©d^reiben  ©ie  e^  je^t  an  bie  Jafel  ober  t)ielnte]&r: 

id^  U)erbe  e^  3^f)nen  langfam  biftieren. 


beginners'    GERMAN  89 

S)a^  befannte  beutfd^e  S^attonaltieb  ift: 
^cil  bir  im  ©icgerfrans! 

S)ic  crftc  ©trop^e  badon  lautet: 

^eil  bir  im  ©iegerfranj, 
^errfd^er  be^  SSaterlanb^! 
^eit,  ^aifer,  bir! 
giif)I  in  be^  J^rone^  ©lani 
©ie  l^ol^c  iffionne  ganj: 
Siebling  be^  S?oIf^  ju  fein! 
§eit,  ^aifer,  bir! 

©ie  iDcrben  biefe  erfte  ©tropl^e  au^tDcnbig  lemcn! 

^e^t  iDoIIen  iDir  fie  fingen! 

©ie  fennen  bod^  bie  Tldohk  Don:  iify  Country  H  is 

oj  Thee  nnb  G(?rf  save  the  King? 
Sllte  brei  5yiationalf)t)mnen  1;)Cihm  biefelbe  9JJeIobie» 
©ie  t)erftef)en  bod^  alle^? 
2Ba^  fiir  ein  ^ranj  i[t  ber  ©iegerfranj? 
2Ba^  filr  ein  8anb  ift  ha^  SSaterlanb? 
Sin  giebKng  ift  einer,  ber  geliebt  toirb. 
SBa^  ift  ein  8ef)rling? 


NOTE 

Declension 

Singular 

Plural 

Nom, 
Gen, 
Dat. 
Ace, 

ber  beutfc^e  ^aifer 
be^  beutfd^en  ^aifer^ 
bem  beutfd^en  Saifer 
ben  beutfd^en  ^aifer 

bie  beutfd^en  ^atfer 
ber  beutfc^en  ^aifer 
btn  beutfd^en  ^aifern 
bie  beutfd^en  ^aifer 

Decline  likewise,  always  in  sentences,  as  oral  and  as  writ- 
ten work: 


90  beginners'   GERMAN 

bcr  txante  Sronpring,  bcrfelbc  Scl^rer, 

bicfcr  grofec  Sicbling,  bcrjicnigc  ©driller, 

icncr  mad^tigc  2^^ron,  ber  tneiniQC  [®of)n]. 

The  adjective,  when  preceded  by  the  article,  has  practi- 
cally always  what  ending? 

What  case  is  excepted  with  masculine  nouns? 

With  feminine  and  neuter  nouns,  of  course,  what  two 
cases  are  excepted? 

WORD  FORMATION 

SBritberHd^  fieifet  tDic  cin  93ruber  ober  gleid^  cinem  S3rubcr. 
What  is  the  force  of  the  adjective-suffix  -lid^  in  elterlid^, 
prinalid^,  fd^mcfterlid^,  mttttnlid^,  n)ctblid^? 


Dterunbbret^tgjlc  ^lufgabe 

^a^  S)cutf^c  SRcid^ 

@cit  1871,  fcit  bem  ^riegc  mit  granfrcid^,  beftel^t  n)iebcr 
cin  miid^tigc^,  einige^  Scutfci^e^  dtdd).  ©cutfd^Ianb  ift  ni(|t 
fcl^r  grofe,  obmot)!  grower  aU  (Snglanb  obcr  granfrcic^*  ^e^ 
hod)  bic  SScrclnigten  ©taaten  Don  9iorbamerifa  of)ne  Slla^fa 
finb  14^  mal  grower  al^  ba^  J)eutf(^e  dldi).  Slber  ^tut^d)- 
lanb  \)at  ungcfal^r  68  9KiIUonen  (SintDoI)ncr,  alfo  f  foDiel  tnic 
bie  SScreinigten  ©taatcn*  J)er  iebe^maligc  ^onig  t)on  ^reu^ 
fecn  ift  ©cutfd^er  ^aifcr.  griifier  trurben  bie  ©eutfc^en  ^aifer 
immer  gctocil^It,  b»  1^,  nad)  bcm  Sobe  ctne^  !Dcutfd^en  ^aifer^ 
tt)'di)ltt  man  cinen  ncuen^  ^ti}t  ift  bic  ^aifcmiirbc  aber  erb== 
lid^,  S)cr  l^cutigc  ©cutfc^c  ^aifer  f)at  bic  9)?a(^t  ctnc6  cinigen 
©cutfd^cn  9tei(^e^  f)tntcr  ftd^*  S)er  ^aifer  ift  bcr  SScrtrctcr 
bc^  9?ci(^c^  int  SScrfc{)r  mit  bcm  Slu^Ianb.  @r  ift  auc^  bcr 
obcrftc  ^ricg^ficrr  unb  S3cfc{)I^f)abcr  bcr  Slrmce  unb  glottc. 


BEGINNERS'   GERMAN  9 1 

Slber  er  l^at  nid^t  n)ie  bcr  ^riifibetit  bcr  SJercimgtcn  ©taaten 
ha^  Sied^t,  ein  SSeto  einjulegen* 

©a^  ©eutfc^c  dtd^  beftet)t  au6  26  cinjclnen  ©taaten;  t)tcr 
baDon  finb  ^ontgreid^e,  ncimlic^  ^reufeen,  S3at)em,  ©ac^fen 
unb  SSlirttemberg,  S)iefc  26  ©taaten  fcnben  58  SScrtretcr, 
bie  t)on  ben  Sanbe^fiirften  emannt  tDcrben,  tiad^  Berlin,  ber 
^auptftabt  ^reufeen^  unb  be^  dld6)t^.  J)ie  58  SSertreter 
bilben  jufammcn  ben  SBunbe^tat  unter  bent  SSorfi^e  be^  5Keic^^== 
fanjler^^  ge^terer  tnirb  t)om  ^aifer  ernannt*  ®ie  S3urger 
int  ganjen  3)eutf(^en  9tetd^  h)a]^Ien  397  Slbgeorbnete  in  hm 
SRcid^^tag,  ber  ebenfatt^  in  ^Berlin  gufammenf omntt*  Sllte  S3ur^ 
ger,  bie  iiber  25  ^ai)vc  alt  [inb,  ertDaf)Ien  biefe  9KitgIieber  be^ 
Steic^^tage^  auf  5  ^af)vt,  in  gelieimer  SBaf)L  S)er  S3unbe^^ 
rat  nnb  ber  9ieic^^tag  ntac^en  ©efefee  unb  ftellen  ba^  93ubget 
be^  Seutfd^en  9ieid^e^  feft. 

3)ic  grofeten  unb  tDid^tigften  ©tabte  S)eutfd^Ianb^  finb  nad^ 
Berlin:  Hamburg  an  ber  (gibe,  Mm^en  (bie  ^auptftabt  t)on 
S3at)ern),  Seipjig  in  ©ad^fen,  ©re^ben  (bie  ^auptftabt  (Ba^^ 
fen^),  ^oln  (Soln)  am  dl^dn,  S3re^Iau  an  ber  Ober,  grantfurt 
am  9Wain,  ^annot)er,  SSremen  an  ber  SBefer* 

Slad^t.  SB crn^Ioh). 

fjtagctt 

©eit  tDeld^em  ^al^re  beftefjt  ein  neue^  S)eutfd^e^ 

dtd(i)? 
9^ad&  iDeld^em  ^riege  tdav  ba^? 
^aben  ©ie  fd^on  tjon  bem  beutfd^^frangofifd^en 

^rieg  gel^ort? 
SBie  t)ielmal  grower  finb  bie  93ereinigten  ©taaten 

alg  J)eutfd^Ianb? 
9Bie  ift  bie  beutfd^e  ^aifertDurbe  {efet? 
SBie  fam  man  frill^er  ju  einem  ^aifer? 


92  beginners'   GERMAN 

SBeld^c^  [inb  bie  JRcd^tc  be^  ©eutfc^en  ^atfer^? 
2Bie  t)iele  ©taaten  gibt  e^  tm  ©eutfd^en  8?eid&? 
9tennen  ©ie  bie  brei  grofeten  ©taaten  mit  ifiren 

^auptftabten! 
3eigen  ©ie  biefe  ©tabte  auf  ber  Cartel 
2Bie  t)iele  55ertreter  bilben  ben  iBunbe^rat? 
©inb  fie  gett)df)It  ober  ernannt? 
SBer  i[t  ber  S3orfi^er  be^  iBunbe^rat^? 
SBie  biele  9KitgIieber  be^  9iei(^^tag6  gibt  e^? 
SBerben  biefe  gett)af)lt? 
<^ann  ber  ^aifer  attein  ®efe^e  madden  ober  allein 

ha^  Subget  aufftellen? 
SBeld^e  n)eiteren  ©tabte  unb  gliiffe  S)eutfd^Ianb^ 

fennen  ©ie? 
3ft  S)eutfd^Ianb  iDie  bie  SSereinigten  ©taaten  ein 

©taatenbnnb^  oberifte^  ein  SSnnbe^ftaat? 
^at  ber  "iPrafibent  ber  SSereinigten  ©taaten  af)n^ 

Ixdjt  dtcd^tt  it)ie  ber  2)entfd^e  ^aifer? 

S3erglei($en  ©ie  bie  beiben  ?dnber  miteinanber! 
©d^reiben  ©ie  einen  2luffa^  bariiber! 

NOTE 

Declension 

N.  ein  ncuer  f  atfcr  cine  fci^redlid^e  3eit  ein  ^Deutfd^e^  9?eic5 

G.  cineg  neuen  £aifcr^  einer  fc^recftid^cn  3cit  einc^  !Deutfd^en  D^cicjeg 

D.  einem  neuen  ^aifer  einer  fd^rerflid^en  3cit  einent  ^eutf d^en  9leic5(e) 

A.  einen  neuen  ^aifer  eine  fc^rerflid^e  S^^t  ein  !^eutf(§eg  D^eic^ 

Why  is  this  declension  of  adjectives  called  at  times  mixed? 

Are  attributive  adjectives  in  the  comparative  and  super- 
lative declined  like  the  adjectives  in  the  positive  degree? 
Illustrate. 

Is  it  not  true  that  either  the  adjective  or  the  preceding 
element  (ber=^  and  ein=words)  must  show  the  gender,  nima- 


beginners'   GERMAN 


93 


ber,  and  case  of  the  following  noun  which  it  modifies? 
so,  does  that  make  clear  the  forms: 

ber  neuc,  but  ein  neucr, 

ba^  neuc,  but  ein  neuc;^? 

Decline  in  sentences,  orally  and  in  writing: 

citi  unenblid^er  ®treit,  ein  bauember  Slnteil; 
einc  erblid^e  ^aifcrmilrbe;  tnein  fd^one^  SSaterlanb* 

When  are  geographical  adjectives  capitalized? 


If 


N. 
G. 
D, 
A. 


^iinfunbbrct^tgfte  2lufgabe 

(Review) 
SBicberl^oIung  ber  gangen  SlbieftiD^Seflination: 

Singular 
bic  \^xtdix(i)t  3^it 


ber  ncuc  ^aifcr 
ein  neucr  ^aifer 
be6  neuen  ^aifcr^ 
clneg  Ttcucn  ^aifer^ 
bent  ncucn  ^aifcr 
cincnt  neuen  ^alfer 
ben  neuen  ^aifer 
eincn  neuen  ^aif.er 


eine  fc^recflic^e  3cit 
ber  fc^recfUc^en  S^^t 
einer  fc^recflid^en  S^^^ 
ber  fd^redltd^en  3^it 
einer  fc^redltdEien  3cit 
bie  fd^redlid^e  S^^t 
einc  f(^recflic$e  3^it 


bttjg  beutfd^c  ^tnb 
ein  beutfc^e)^  ^inb 
be6  beutfd^en  ^tnbeg 
etne§  beutfc^en  ^inbe^ 
bent  beutfd^en  ^inb 
einem  beutfd^en  ^inb 
ha^  beutfd^e  tinb 
ein  beutfd^e)^  ^tnb 


Norn, 


Gen. 


DaL 


Ace, 


Plural 

bk     guten 
(feine) 

ber    guten 
(feiner) 

ben    Quten 
(feinen) 

bic     Quten 
(feinc) 


^aifer 
3eiten 
^inber 
tatfer 
3eiten 
^inber 
^aifern 
5etten 
^inbern 
tatfer 
3eiten 
I  ^inbcr 


94  beginners'   GERMAN 

®ie  crftc  ©tropl^e  be^  beutfc^en  9iationaItiebc8: 

^    ,  ,  ®te  SBa^t  am  3lfiem 

lautct: 

(£^  brauft  ein  9iuf  tDic  2)onnerl^aIt, 

2Bic  ®d&n)ertgeflirr  unb  SBogenpraC: 

3um  3tl^ein,  gum  9tl^ein,  jum  beutfd^en  di^dnl 

SBcr  iDiH  be^  ©trome^  filter  fein? 

?ieb  SBaterlanb,  magft  rul^ig  fein, 

Sieb  SSaterlanb,  magft  ruf)ig  fein: 

geft  ftel^t  nnb  treu  bie  SBad^t,  bie  SBad^t  am  9J^ein! 

geft  fte^t  unb  treu  bie  SBad^t,  bie  2Bac^t  am  5i^ein! 

Sim  gufee  ber  SSorbertafel  be6  9lationaIbenfmaI^ 
(^monument^)  auf  bem  S^iebemalb  bei  9Jllbe^= 
l^eim  am  9J^ein  ift  ba^  ?ieb  „S)ie  SBad^t  am 
9Jl^ein"  eingegraben* 

SSerftel^en  ©ie  alle  SBorter? 

@in  ^rieger  trcigt  ein  ©d^tDert  an  feiner  linfen 
©eite. 

®ie  SBogen  bebeutet  bie  SBelten. 

SBo  l^aben  rt)ir  bie  SBeHcn  gelemt? 

©ie  beutfd^en  ^rieger  tDerben  flir  ben  9tl^ein  ftrei^ 
ten;  fie  finb  baf)er  bie  filter  be^  ©trome^. 

SBo  l^aben  iDir  ru^ig  gef)abt? 

aSo  l^aben  rt)ir  treu  gelemt? 

SBa^  flir  ein  §att  (sound)  ift  ber  ©onnerJ^all? 

2Ba^  fiir  ein  ©eflirr  ift  ba^  ©d^tDertgeflirr? 

9Ba^  fiir  ein  ^ralt  (rebound)  ift  ber  SBogenpratt? 

2Ba^  fiir  ein  ganb  ift  ba^  SSaterlanb? 

Show  the  onomatopoeia  in  this  poem,  i.e.  the 
formation  of  words  to  imitate  the  sound  of 
the  thing. 


BEGINNERS'   GERMAN  95 

■Scfet  ftngcn  iDir  ba^  8icb! 

gUr  morgen  lerncn  ©ic  c^  au^lDenbig! 

NOTE 
Give  a  synopsis  of: 

c6  brauft^unb  e^  bonncrt  fef)r; 
id^  ftcl^c  am  offcnen  genfter. 

Do  intransitive  verbs  of  posture,  i.e.  fl^Ctt,  liegen^  ftel^etl, 
usually  take  the  auxiliary  feiti  or  f)abtn? 

Is  verbal  action  or  result  of  action  expressed? 

WORD  FORMATION 

atul^ig  ift,  tDcr  (bic)  dtn\)t  iiat 
93Ber  ift  f)un0rtg,  burftig,  fictfeig,  mttd^tig? 
Collect  all  the  adjectives  ending  in  ~tg,  and  show  the  force 
of  the  suffix. 

Give  the  adjectives  in  complete  sentences. 
SBa6  man  c[fcn  fann,  ift  cPat. 
2Ba^  ift  trinfbar,  prbar,  Ic^bar? 
aSo  l^aben  tDir  ttmnbcrfiar  gefiabt? 


S^d^sunbbrei^tgfte  ^lufgabe 

5D  r  c «  b  c  n,  ben  12.  3)?ara  1912. 

Sicbcr  55^^iinb! 

©cinen  au^fiil^riid^en  33rtef  bom  28*  gebruar  l^abc  id^  cm})^ 
fangen.  ^d)  banfc  S)ir  bielmd^  bafiir*  S)amtt  S)u  nid^t 
lange  auf  ?lad^rid^t  p  h)arten  braud^ft,  tt)iU  id)  Sir  fofort  ant^ 
iDortcn*  ^d^  freuc  mtd^  fel^r,  bafe  S)u  un^  balb  mit  3)eincn 
©efd^tntftern  befud^cn  iDirft.  S'n  ©eutfd^Ianb  ift  e^  jebcnfate 
im  ajjat  am  fd^onftcn.  S)al^cr  ftngen  tDtr  3)eutfd^c  aud^  in  ber 
crften  ©tropl^e  bc^  Siebc^  „9Banberfd^aft": 


96  beginners'   GERMAN 

,,®er  Tlai  ift  gefontmen,  bit  93aume  f($Iagen  au^, 
S)a  bleibe,  h)er  Suft  l^at,  mit  ©orgen  p  ^au6! 
SBie  bie  SBoIfen  bort  tDanbern  am  J^imtnlifc^en  S^% 
©0  ftel^t  au^  mir  ber  ©inn  in  bie  tDcite,  tDcite  9BeIt," 

Slbcr  im  3uli  nnb  Slngnft  l^aben  h)ir  aud^  fd^one^  SBetter 
tro^  Dieler  l^eifeen  3:age.  2Bir  n)erben  mit  @uc^  t)iele  i^i^fereifen 
in  bie  SBcilber  unb  S3erge  nnterne^men.  S^  tDirb  [icfier  foftlic^ 
h)erben.  SBann  merbet  ^^v  benn  eigentlid^  nac^  Snropa  ab- 
reifen? 

9^un  lebe  rec^t  tDof)I  unb  laffe  balb  ettoa^  t)on  S)ir  ]()oren» 
S3itte,  empfiel^I  mid^  ©einen  lieben  (SItern*    ^d)  tDilnfd^e  @ud^ 

©Ilid  unb  ©egen  allermegen, 
^ebergeit  griebe,  greub'^ 

9Kit  l^erjlid^en  ©riifeen,  auc^  an  Seine  ©efd^tDifter,  berbleibe  id^ 

3)ein  treuer  greunb 

5ri<?. 
SSerfte^en  ©ie  atte^? 
2lu^fuf)rlid^  l^eifet  lang* 
9Ba^  bebeutet:  bie  S3aume  fc^Iagen  au^? 
©ie  finb  jung  unb  ^abtn  feine  ©orgen*    ©ie  finb 

forgenfrei* 
S)a^  l^immlifd^e  3^W  ift  natilrlid^  ber  ^immeL 
3n  tDeld^em  ^onigreid^e  liegt  iibrigen^  SDre^ben? 
^aben  ©ie  nun  alte6  t)erftanben? 

fjragen 

SBann  ift  e^  in  ©eutfd^Ianb  am  fd^onften?  SBarum? 
SBann  finb  bie  f(^onften  2:age? 
SBie  ift  e^  oft  im  3nli  unb  Sluguft? 
Semen  ©ie  bie  erfte  ©tropf)e  be^  8iebe^  SBanber- 
fc^aft  au^rt)enbig! 


beginners'   GERMAN  97 

©tngcn  ©ie:  ®er  9Kai  tft  gefommen  ufn)» 
Semen  ©ie  auc^  ben  ©pmd^,  ben  man  gut  gu 
einem  Selegramm  bertDenben  fann: 

„&IM  nnb  ©egen 
SlIIertDegen, 
S'ebergeit 
griebe,  grenbV 

Sefen  ®ie  biefen  fd^onen  ©prnd^  Don  ber  9Kitte, 
ober  fangen  ©ie  mit  irgenb  einer  3^H^  cin! 

©d^reiben  ©ie  biefen  nnb  einen  af)nli(^en  S3rief ! 

SBa^  tnt  man  mit  einem  iBriefe,  nad^bem  man  il^n 
gefd^rieben  i}at? 

Tlan  [tedft  ben  33rief  in  einen  Umfd^Iag,  fd^reibt 
bie  Slbreffe,  Hebt  bie  2)?arfe  anf,  fc^Iiefet  btn 
S3rief  nnb  irirft  il^n  in  ben  ndd^ften  Ifaften* 

SBa^  filr  ein  taften  ift  ba^?  SBa^  ift  eine  iBrief^ 
marfe? 

3lbre[fe:  §erm  Dr.  Hans  Schulze,  Hannover, 
Georgstrasse  38. 

Change  in  the  above  letter  the  pronouns  of 
fajniliar  address  (which  are  capitalized  in 
letters) 

1.  into  the  plural, 

2.  into  pronouns  of  conventional  address. 

3.  Change  the  masculine  into  the  feminine 

in  the  salutation  and  in  the  close. 

NOTE 
Which  case  is  used  after  banlen  and  antttiortett? 
What  other  verbs  did  we  have  where  the  dative  is  used  as 
single  object? 

What  is  the  usual  form  of  the  prefix  em)>-? 


98  beginners'   GERMAN 

Smpfangen,  CTnpfef)(cn,  empfinbcn  are  the  only  three  verbs 
with  the  prefix  emp-. 
Where  is  the  accent  in  unteme^men? 
Does  it  mean  here  to  undertake  or  to  take  (hold)  under? 
The  principal  parts  of  fangen  and  etntifangen  are: 
fangcn  fing  gcfangcn 

empfangen  cmpftng  ctnpfangcn 

What  is  the  difference? 

Where  does  the  accent  lie?    Is  cmp-  a  part  of  speech? 

Where  is  the  accent  in  the  verb  aireifen? 

Is  the  prefix  ab-  a  part  of  speech? 

Give  a  synopsis  of  bie  Xiiv  sumat^en* 

E.g.     id)  nxad^e  bic  Jilr  in,  bu  mac^teft  bie  Xixx  gu  ufm^ 

Is  the  prefix  separated  from  the  verb  in  the  simple  tenses 
of  normal  order?  Where  is  the  prefix  with  simple  verb  in 
dependent  clauses? 

How  is  the  past  participle  formed?    (jugcmad^t.) 

What  case  do  prepositions  compounded  with  of  take  in 
German? 

E.g.         tro^  bc^  {)eifeen  2^a0e6,  in  spite  of  .  .  . 

h)C0cn  be^  ficifecn  Xa^t^,  on  account  of .  .  • 

Stebenun&bret§igfte  2lufgabe 

2)cr  trcuc  ^unb 

(Sin  ^aufmann  l^attc  einen  ^unb,  ber  fel^r  n)ad^fam  unb  trcu 
tdax.  @in[t  ritt  ber  ^aufmann  bon  einem  SWarfte,  IDO  er  t)iel 
®elb  eingcnommen  tiatU,  nad^  ^aufc,  @ein  ®elb  l^attc  er  in 
einem  9KanteIfad  fiinter  ftd^  auf  ba^  ^ferb  gefd^naltt*  S)er 
§unb  marfd^ierte  neben  tf)m  l^er,  9^ad^  unb  nad^  aber  iDurben 
bie  9iiemen  lofe,  mit  benen  ber  9KanteIfadE  angebunben  n)ar, 
unb  biefer  fiel  fierab,  ol^ne  ba^  e^  ber  ^aufmann  bemerfte. 


BEGINNERS'   GERMAN  99 

®cr  §unb  aber  l^attc  c6  gefel^en  unb  ftng  an  ju  n)infcln»  ©cr 
^aufmann  fel^rtc  \id)  nid^t  baran.  !S)a  ber  ^unb  nun  immer 
argcr  bellte,  fd^Iug  il^n  fein  §err  cinigemal  mit  ber  ^eitfc^e* 
Slbcr  ber  treue  §unb  l^orte  nid^t  auf^  (Sr  fprang  an  ba^  ^ferb 
unb  gerbife  il^m  faft  bie  giifee,  bafe  e^  nid^t  meitergel^en  foltte, 
unb  ber  ©d^aum  ftanb  il^m  t)or  ber  ©d^nauje*  9^un  bad^te  ber 
^aufmann,  fein  ^unb  fei  toll  gen)orben.  (gr  fd^ofe  i^n  mit 
feiner  ^iftole  nieber  unb  ritt  iDeiter^  211^  er  noc^  eine  ©tredfe 
geritten  h)ar,  fill^Ite  er  l^inter  [td^  unb  erfd^raf,  aU  er  feinen 
SWantelfadE  bermifete*  3lun  ritt  er  jurildf  unb  fal^  iiberall  S3Iut 
t)on  feinem  ^unbe*  (gnblid^  fam  er  bal^in,  n)o  il^m  ber  ®elb^ 
fadE  entfallen  toax.  !Da  lag  fein  treuer  §unb  neben  bent  (Bade. 
(gr  iDebelte  mit  bem  ©d^tDanje,  ledfte  feinem  §errn  bie  ^anb 
unb  —  ftarb^ 

55tagctt 

S33a^  filr  einen  §unb  l^atte  ber  ^aufmann? 

3eigte  ber  §unb  Sreue? 

(£r  l^atte  einen  fel^r  —  unb  —  §unb. 

SBo  l^atte  ber  ^aufmann  t)iel  @elb  eingenom- 

m^n? 
SBar  er  gu  gufe  ober  ju  ^ferbe? 
S33ann  ritt  er  nad^  ^aufe? 
S33o  l^atte  ber  ^aufmann  fein  ®elb? 
233a6  gefd^al^  mit  ben  9?iemen,  bie  ben  9KanteIfadf 

l^ielten? 
SBemerfte  ber  ^aufmann  ben  SSerluft? 
SBufete  er,  ba^  er  fein  ®elb  berloren  l^atte? 
©elang  e6  bem  ^unbe,  feinen  $erm  aufmerffam 

gu  madden? 
SBoburd^  tooltte  jener  biefen  aufmerffam  madden? 


ICX)  BEGINNERS     GERMAN 

SBomit  fc^Iug  bcr  ^aufmann  feincn  trcucn  §imb? 
SBem  gef)orte  ber  treue  §unb? 
SBa^  tat  ber  §unb  mit  bem  "ipferbe?   SSarxinx? 
SBar  ber  ^unb  toH  getDorben? 
2Barf  ber  .^aufmann  etnen  ©tein  nad^  bem  ^unbe? 
2Somit  tDurbe  ber  §unb  niebergefd^offen? 
SBann  bermifete  ber  ^aufmann  [em  ®elb? 
2Ba^  tat  er,  unb  tDa^  faf)  er? 
9Bie  fanb  er  f etnen  treuen  ^nnb? 
3ft  ein  §unb  nic^t  oft  treuer  al6  mand^e  Tltn^ 
f(^en? 

SBieberl^oIen  ©ie  bie  gange  ©efd^id^te! 
?efen  ©ie  ba^  ©tiid ! 
©d^reifien  ©ie  bie  furje  (grjafilung  nieber! 
Change  the  text  by  using  the  perfect  tense. 
Change  subordinate  clauses  into  coordinate 
ones,  and  vice  versa. 

E.g.  Unb  biefer  fiel  l^erab,  ol^ne  bafe  e^  ber  ^aufmann 
bemerfte  becomes:  fo  bafe  biefer  l^erabfiel,  aber 
ber  ^aufmann  bemerfte  e^  nid^t* 

NOTE 

Does  the  German  use  the  possessive  adjective  with  nouns 
denoting  parts  of  the  body  or  of  clothing?    Illustrate. 

Where  is  the  accent  in  marf^terte,  ttiatfci^iert? 

Where  in  bemerfte,  entfiel,  erfd^raf,  geprte,  t>ermt||tc,  serfiift? 

Do  verbs  with  unaccented  first  syllable  take  the  augment 
ge-  in  the  past  participle? 

Are  these  six  unaccented  prefixes  parts  of  speech 

bt-     ent-     er- 
ge-     t)er-     set-? 


beginners'    GERMAN  '    '>'    '  -ibl 

Give  the  principal  parts  of  the  above  six -twie^c/cSfe' (ltTl'> 
frcntibar)  compound  verbs. 

What  is  the  force  of  ent-  and  of  5cr-?    Illustrate. 

The  principal  parts  of  the  following  verb  are: 
cinne^men,  naf)m  citi,  cingenommen;  or  better: 
er  nimtnt  ein,  er  naf)m  ein,  cr  mirb  einnef)men,  er  l^at  eitigc^ 

nomtnen* 

Give  in  the  same  way,  orally  and  in  writing: 

anbinben  —  —  — 

cr  fallt  ^erab,  cr  fid  f)crab,  cr  tDirb  f)crabfaHcn,  cr  ift  f)crabgcfaHcn 
auf^oren  —  —  — 

Jt)citcr9ef)cn  —  —  — • 

niebcrfd^icfecn         —  —  — 

burd^rciten  —  —  — 

Where  is  the  accent  in  these  verbs? 

Are  these  prefixes  parts  of  speech?    What  parts  of  speech? 

Are  there  in  English  also  separable  verbs?    Illustrate. 

Where  is  the  accent  in  itfierfe^en  meaning  to  translate? 

Where  is  the  accent  in  Utttctttcl^metl  meaning  to  under- 
take? 

Where  is  the  accent  in  h)teberl^oIen  meaning  to  repeat? 

Are  compound  verbs  in  a  figurative  sense  treated  like  in- 
separable  compound  verbs? 

Are  compound  verbs  in  a  literal  sense  treated  like  separable 
compound  verbs,  as  they  should  be? 

Does  not  the  same  difference  exist  in  English  with  vari- 
able prefixes? 

Compare,  e.g.,  to  undertake  with  to  take  under  {down), 

untcmcf)Tncn  (l^cr)untcmcf)mcn 

untemat)m  nal^m  (^cr)untcr 

untemommcn  (f)er)untcrgcnommcn 

Illustrate  in  sentences  the  variable  prefixes:  \>\XX^,  ttfier, 
Uttter,  um  unb  tutebcr* 


UDQ  beginners'   GERMAN 

E.g.  •../... 

In  burd^Iaufcn,  iibcrfcljcn,  untemef)Tncn,  umgcl^en,  h)ieberI)oIen. 

Observe  the  difference: 

!Dcr  ^aufmann  tjerlor  fein  ®clb,  o^nt  c^  ^u  h)iffcn;  but 

bcr  Saufmann  t)erIor  fein  ®clb,  of)ne  bafe  e^  ber  §unb  tDufete! 

What  is  the  reason  for  this? 

Give  similar  illustrations. 


2ld?tunbbret§tgjtc  2lufgabe 

J)cr  ^unb  mit  bcm  JJIeifd^c 

@in  $unb  l^atte  eitt  ©tiid  gleifd^  gcftol^len  unb  lief  bamit 
iiber  einen  fd^malen  ©teg.  -Sn  bem  Har^n  SBaffer  fal^  er  fein 
53ilb  unb  meinte,  bag  c^  ein  anberer  ^unb  fei,  ber  aud^  ein 
©tiicf  Skif^  i^  Sl^aule  f)abe»  @r  gebad^te  e^  tl^m  ju  nef)men, 
unb  fo  fd^nappte  er  gierig  banad^^  3)a  entfiel  tl^m  ba^  i^ld\<i), 
ha^  er  l^atte,  unb  ba^  anbere,  ba^  er  l^aben  tDoIIte,  n)ar  aud^ 
tjerfd^lDunben, 

^ernanb,  ber  ettDa^  fttel^It,  tft  ein  S)ieb, 

(gin  ©teg  ift  ein  28eg,  ber  oft  ilber  SBaffer  fiil^rt 

$unbe   unb   alle  Siere    {)aben    ein   9KauI;    fie 

freffen* 
2Ba^  f)aben  bie  SKeufd^en?    greffen  fie? 
2Ba^  ift  gterig? 
25erftef)en  ©ie  ieijt  bie  einfad^e,  moralifd^e  @rgal^== 

lung? 

Stagcn 

2Ba6  f)atte  ber  §unb  geftol^Ien? 
fl&a^  tat  er  barauf? 

SBoriiber   lief   ber   ^unb   mit   bent   geftol^Ienen 
gleifc^e? 


beginners'   GERMAN  IO3 

SBa«  crblidftc  cr  in  bcm  Karen  9Baf[cr? 

aSo  fat)  cr  fein  Silb? 

SBa^  glanbtc  obcr  mctntc  er? 

9Ba^  tDoHtc  bcr  §unb  bcm  anbem  ^unbe  ncl^men? 

Unb  n)a^  tat  er  ba^cr? 

9Barf  bcr  $nnb  fcin  ©tudf  glcifd^  tDcg,  obcr  entfici 

e^  i^m? 
Sddam  cr  ba^  gtocite  ©tiid  glcifd^? 
§attc  bcr  §unb  fcin  ©tiid  i^ld\<i)  t)crIoren,  tomn 

cr  nid^t  fo  gicrig  gctrcfcn  tdixvc? 
S33a^  Icmcn  rt)ir  an^  bicfcr  Hcincn  ©cfd^id^tc? 

(Srgal^Icn  ©ic  bic  Heine  2:icrfabel! 
Scfen  ©ie  biefclbe! 

Unb  tDiebcrl^oIen  ®ie  biefclbe  fd^riftlid^! 
©d^reiben  ®ic  bic  ®efd^i(^te  nod^  cinmal 

L  im  ^Inral  bc^  ^erfeft^, 

2.  im  *ipr(ifcn^» 
@r  gebad^te  c6  il^m  jn  ncl^mcn,  ift  ba^fclbe  tt)ie: 

cr  bcfd^lofe,  ha^  er  c^  if)m  ncfimcn  IdoHc. 

NOTE 

Subjunctive  (^onjunftit)) 

PRESENT  PRETERIT 

id^  f)abe  ^  id^  \)'dtU 

bu  l^abeft  bu  l^atteft 

cr  (fie,  e^)  f^abc  cr  (fie,  c^)  fiiitte 

tt)ir  {)aben  h)ir  l^atten 

i\)x  l^abet  if)r  fiattct 

fie  f)aben  fie  {)cttten 

What  vowel  figures  in  every  ending  of  every  subjunctive 
form,  with  the  exception  of  id^  (er)  fei? 


I04  beginners'   GERMAN 

Are  the  subjunctive  forms,  used  in  the  story,  employed  in 
direct  speech? 

If  not,  change  the  indirect  discourse  into  direct  statements. 

Is  there  a  so-called  sequence  of  tenses,  or  is  the  same 
tense  used  in  indirect  discourse  which  was,  or  would  be, 
used  in  direct  speech? 

Is  the  stem- vowel  of  the  present  subjunctive  modified? 

How  about  the  preterit  subjunctive?      Of  all  verbs? 

Conjugate  in  full,  changing  the  direct  speech  into  indirect 
speech: 

Set  Sefircr  fagtc:  (t(^  bin  faul) 

bu  bi[t  faul  uflD* 

E.g. 

Dcr  Sel^rcr  fagte,  bafe  td^  faul  fei  (mare)  ober  \6)  fei  faul, 
bafe  bu  faul  fei(e)ft  (tDarcft)  ufm. 

Also  change  the  direct  question  into  indirect  question: 
2)?ein  93ater  fragte  mid^:  §aft  bu  beinc  Slufgabe  gemac^t? 

f)at  cr  feine  Slufgabc  gemad^t?  uftn* 

9Ketn  33ater  fragte  mid^,  ob  x6)  meine  Slufgabe  gemad^t  l^atte 

betn  93ater  fragte  btd^,  ob  bu  beine  Slufgabe  gentad^t  f)abeft 
(f)atteft),  etc. 

Generally  in  the  subjunctive  those  forms  are  used  that  differ 
from  the  respective  indicative  forms. 

What  is  the  conventional  form  of  the  imperative  in  reality, 
e.g.  feien  ©ie  aufmerffam? 

Is  there  any  imperative  in  the  third  person? 


BEGINNERS     GERMAN  IO5 

Heununbbrd^tgftc  2lufgabe 
Xtil  einc^  Sricfei^  t)pn  ©uctl^e  an  ©critter  in  ^ma 

SBcimar,  ben  4.  September  1794. 

5yjcld^fte  SBod^e  gel^t  ber  ^of  nad^  (gtfenad^,  unb  id^  tDerbe  14 
3:age  fo  attein  unb  unabfictngig  [eiti,  rt)ie  id)  fo  balb  tiid^t  iDteber 
t)or  mir  fef)e*  SBoltten  ©ie  mi($  nid^t  in  btefer  S^^i  befuc^en^ 
bci  mir  tt)of)nen  unb  bleiben?  ©ie  iDlirben  jebe  Slrt  Don  Slrbeit 
rul^ig  t)ome]^men  fonnen.  2Bir  befpradfien  un^  in  bequemen 
©tunben,  faf)en  greunbe,  bie  un^  am  afinlic^ften  gefinnt  toavtn, 
unb  tDiirben  nid^t  of)ne  5yiu^en  fd^eiben*  ©ie  follten  ganj  nad^ 
-3^rer  2trt  unb  SBeife  leben  unb  fid^  tiok  p  ^aufe  moglid^ft  ein^ 
rid^ten^  ®aburd^  tDiirbe  id^  in  ben  ©tanb  gefe^t,  ^f)nen  bon 
meinen  ©ammlungen  ba^  SBid^tigfte  gu  s^io^tt,  unb  mefirere 
gaben  tDiirben  fid^  jmifd^en  un^  anfniipfen^  S3om  14.  an 
tDllrben  ©ie  mid^  ju  ^^xtv  Slufnafime  bereit  finben. 

33i^  ba{)in  berfpare  id^  fo  mand^e^,  ba^  id^  gu  fagen  l^abe,  unb 
Mnfd^e  inbeffen  red^t  iDol^I  ju  leben. 

Seben  ©ie  red^t  irol^I,  unb  grit^en  ©ie  bie  3^t*igen. 

3?ierjef)n  3:age  finb  jtrei  SBod^en,  aber  ,,ad^t  3:age" 
ift  im  ©eutfd^en  ba^felbe  tt)ie  eine  SBod^e.  SBar== 
-um? 

©cfmnt  ift  ein  SlbjeWit)  t)on  ber  Sinn.  2Ba^  finb 
iebod^  bie  ©runbformen  t)on  fmnen? 

SBa^  nid^t  of)ne  5yiu^en  ift,  ift  nlt^Iid^. 

2Ba^  ol^ne  5Jlu^en  ift,  ift  nu^to;^. 

2Ba^  ift  enblo^,  finnlo^? 

211^  ®oetf)e  biefen  S3rief  an  ©driller  fd^rieb,  tdav 
biefer    ^rofeffor    an    ber    Uniderfitat    ^ena. 


Io6  beginners'  GERMAN 

®octf)c  tear  in  ber  ^at)t,  am  ^ofe  be6  giirftcn 

Mavl  Sluguft  in  SBeimar* 
^eigen  ®ie  ^'ena  unb  SBeimar  auf  ber  Cartel 
2Bic  alt  h)aren  ®oetf)c  nnb  ©driller  im  ^cil^re 

1794? 

SBe^iDcgen  n)oHtc  ©06%,  bafe  ©driller  il^n  t)om 

14.  bi^  27*  ©eptember  befud^en  folk? 
SBo  folltc  ©(filter  iDol^ncn  unb  bleiben? 
28a^  tDoItten  fie  tun? 

9Ba^  tDoIIte  ©oetl^e  feinem  S^^^i^nbe  geigen? 
SSarum  fd^rieb  er  nid^t  met)v? 
iJBiinfd^te  ©oet^e,  bafe  ©driller  Wme? 

SSieberl^oIen  ©ie  ben  gangen  iBrief ! 

?efen  ©ie  il^n! 

3efet  tDerbe  id^  il^n  3^tien  biftieren! 

©d^reiben  ©ie  einen  cil^nlid^en  iBrief ! 

Rewrite  the  letter  from  SBoKten  ®te  to  etn^ 
rid^ten  substituting  tnurbcn  for  every  sub- 
junctive. 

Rewrite  the  letter  using  the  familiar  form 
of  address. 

Rewrite  the  letter  omitting  all  subjunctives. 

NOTE 

What  is  the  force  of  the  subjunctives  tOoUttn,  bcfprfid^eti, 
faffcn,  fotttcn? 

Is  the  stem- vowel  (a,  o,  u)  of  the  preterit  subjunctive 
modified  in  the  strong  verbs? 

How  about  the  weak  verbs? 

If  not,  do  not  the  preterit  forms  of  the  indicative  and 
subjunctive  of  regular  weak  verbs  coincide? 


beginners'   GERMAN  107 

What  is  the  force  of  the  subjunctive  gefttmt  tofirett? 

What  does  the  subjunctive  id)  tDiinfd^te,  bafe  er  fame,  ex- 
press? 

Does  the  subjunctive  state  facts  or  ideas? 

Give  illustrations,  orally  and  in  writing,  in  which  the 
subjunctive  expresses: 

1.  an  ideal  condition, 

2.  possibility, 

3.  wish  or  exhortation, 

4.  indirect  statement  or  indirect  question. 
SBa^  tniirbcn  ®ie  tun,  metin  ®ie  f)cute  frci  I)atten? 
Sd)  iDiirbe  fpajieren  gef)cn,  tDcnti  id)  fieutc  frci  f)attc; 

bu  iDiirbeft  fpaateren  gef)en,  n)cnn  bu  fieute  frei  f)(itteft  ufft). 

Conjugate  this  in  full,  then: 

SBenn  id^  f)cute  frei  ficittc,  tDiirbe  id)  au^gcf)cn; 
and  finally: 

§attc  id)  f)cutc  frci,  fo  miirbc  id)  au^gcf)cn. 

Take  the  same  sentence  in  the  three  formations,  and  con- 
jugate it  in  the  compound  tenses. 

E.g. 

3d)  tDiirbe  fpasteren  gegangen  fctn,  menn  id^  frei  gel^abt  fiatte  ufm» 


Z)ier3tgfte  2Iufgabe 
2)ie  Sd^ulen 

Ste  ©d^ulen  finb  offentlid^e  ©ebtiube.  S)ie  ©tabt  l^at  fie 
fiir  bie  ^ugcnb  bauen  laffen.  S)ie  ©driller  unb  ©d^ulerinnen 
fonnen  unb  folten  eth)a^  bartn  lemen.  Sllle  ^inber  ntllffen  mit 
6  ^al^ren  in  bie  ©d^ule  gel^en*  ^ebe^  ^inb  mufe  bie  ©d^ule  8 
3?af)re  befud^en.  ^ier  toixb  e^  im  ?efen,  ©d^reiben,  9Jed^nen 
nfm.  unterrid^tet.  2lud^  tt)i(t  bie  ©d^ule  f)elfen,  ba^  ^inb  gu 
einem  orbentlid^en  9Wenfd^en  ju  ergtel^en. 


Io8  beginners'   GERMAN 

^n  ben  SBoH^fd^uIen  toirb  ba^  Qtltf)vt,  toa^  ieber  9}Jenfd^  im 
Scben  h)tffcn  mufe* 

^n  ben  l^ol^eren  ©d^ulen  follen  bte  ^tnber  nod^  mel^r  lernen* 
3febe6  ^tnb  mufe  eine  S3oIf^f(^uIe  befud^en,  iDenn  e^  in  feme 
anbere  ©d^ule  gel^t,  (S^  gibt  ami)  ^ribatfd^nlen,  bie  man  be^ 
fnd^en  barf  ober  mag*  S)ie  f)6d^[te  ©d^nle  ift  bie  ^od^fd^nle 
ober  bie  Uniderfitdt*  ®ie  ©driller  ber  Uniderfitaten  fieifeen 
©tnbenten,  2lnf  ber  Uniderfitat  ftnbieren  bie  inngen  Sente, 
toeld^e  Siid^ter,  Srjte,  ^farrer  ober  Sel^rer  tnerben  tDotten. 

??ragen 

SBa^  filr  ©ebdube  (§dnfer)  finb  bie  ©d^nlen? 

giir  toen  l^at  bie  ©tabt  fie  gebant? 

giir  tren  l^at  bie  ©tabt  fie  banen  kffen? 

9Wiiffen  alle  ^inber  in  bie  ©d^ule  gef)en? 

iEBie  lange? 

5G3a^  lernen  fie  in  ber  ©d^ule? 

iffiiffen  ©ie,  tt)a6  bie  ©d^nle  and^  nod^  tDilt? 

28o  lemt  man  diel? 

Qn  tDeld^en  ©d^uten  lemt  man  mef)r? 

Unb  tt)o  lemt  man  am  meiften? 

®ibt  e^  and^  ^ridatfd^nlen? 

©arf  man  biefe  befnd^en? 

2Ba^  fiir  Sente  ftnbieren  anf  ben  Uniderfitaten? 

9?ennen  ©ie  einige  gro^e  amerifanifc^e  Uniderfi^ 

tdten! 
^ennen  ©ie  and^  bie  5^amen  Don  einigen  ber  21 

bentfd^en  Uniderfitciten? 
!J)ie  l^ol^eren  ©d^nlen  trerben  in  3lmerifa  high 

schools  genannt. 
Q\t  eine  amerifanifc^e  high  school  ba^felbe  iDie 

eine  bentfd^e  §od^f(i^nIe?    iffiamm  nid^t? 


beginners'   GERMAN  IO9 

©agen  ©ic  nun,  tt)a^  ®ie  il6er  bic  ©d^ulen  tniffcn! 
Sefen  ©ic  ben  furjcn  Sluffa^  bariibcr  in  Q^vtm 

Suc^e! 
©d^reiben  ©le  ettt)a6  bariibcr,  unb  ncnnen  ©ic 

einige  SSoIf^fd^uIen,  high   schools  unb  Uni^ 

t)crfitaten»  —  33ef(^reiben  ©ie  and)  bic  Sage  bcr^ 

fclbcn! 

NOTE 
What  is  the  difference  between  ItJtffcn,  fcnnctt,  and  {i)nnen? 

E.g. 

SBiffen  ©ie,  tda^  ©ie  in  ber  ©d^ule  tun  ntiiffen? 
.Sennen  ©ie  alle  ?e^rer  unb  ^el^rerinnen  3f)rer  ©d^ule? 
^onnen  ©ie  fd^on  ein  tDenig  35eutfd^  fpred^en?    Give  three 
illustrations  of  your  own. 

MODAL  AUXILIARIES 


onnen                      bttrfen 

foHen 

nogen                      ntiiffen 

tDoHen 

PRESENT  INDICATIVE 

x(i)  tanh      i^  mag      i^  barf  id^  ntufe       id)  foH      id^  mill 
bu  fannft        —             —  —  —  — 

cr  fann       er  ntag       er  barf  er  mug       er  foil       er  mill 

h)ir  f onnen  mir  mogen  mir  biirfen  mir  miiffen  mir  follen  mir  toollen 
\\)x  fount          —             —  —  —  — 

fie  f onnen         —  —  —  —  — 

How  is  the  singular  present  of  modal  auxiliaries  formed? 
Like  which  tense  of  the  strong  verbs? 
Can  you  conjugate  the  modal  auxiliaries  in  English?    In 
German? 

Could  they  be  called  defective  in  English  ? 


no  BEGINNERS     GERMAN 

What  are  the  English  equivalents  for: 

fonncn  (id^)  fonntc  gefonnt 

TttoQcn  mod^tc  gctnod^t 

biirfcn  burfte  gcburft 

miiffcn  nxufetc  gemufet 

follcn  folltc  gefoKt 

tDoHcn  tooUte  getDoKt 

Is  there  an  Umlaut  in  the  preterit  and  past  participle? 
How  about  the  preterit  subjunctive? 
What  do  the  following  expressions  mean  in  English? 
!♦  Qii)  farm  nic^t6  bafiir* 

2,  SDu  tnoc^teft  e^  tt)oI)I  tDiffen? 

3,  S)arf  id)  ®te  barum  bitten? 

4,  gr  mufe  f)eutc  fort  nad^  S)cutf(^Ianb, 
5..aBa^folIba^? 

6.  ®ic  foil  fel)r  reid^  gctDcfen  fcin. 

7.  SBa^  toollen  ®ic  bamit  fagen? 

8.  @^  fci  bem,  tDtc  i{)m  njolle, 

9.  (Sr  toeife  nid^t,  toa^  er  milL 

SBo  f)aben  toir  n)a^  fott  e^  unb  cr  njcift  ntd^t,  toa;^  er  tvxU  gctiabt? 
Rewrite  the  piece  by  changing  every  singular  into  the 
plural  and  vice  versa. 

€inunbt>ter3tgftc  2tufgabe 
mt  tnit  SBcirc 

S^  ging  auf  ben  5l6enb  p»  S)a  tarn  etn  frember  SWann  auf 
ber  Sanbftrafee  ]^ergefaf)ren,  ber  mufete  grofee  @ile  l^aben,  benn 
cr  f)ieb  auf  feine  ^ferbe,  ha^  fie  laufen  mufeten,  mel^r  a\^  fte 
mod^ten,  Unb  bem  SBagen  tat'^  and)  nid^t  gut;  benn  ber  9Beg 
h)ar  fteinig  unb  uneben*  211^  aber  ber  9Kann  einen  SBanberer 
einf)oIte,  ber  gu  gufe  einf)erging,  l^ielt  er  tiwa^  an  unb  rief: 
„®uter  greunb,  fann  id^  tool)!  nod^  in  bie  ©tabt  fommen,  e^e 


beginners'   GERMAN  III 

e6  9lad^t  tdixb?'  —  J)er  SBanbcr^mann  \af)  bic  fcud^enben 
^ferbe  an  unb  ben  SBagcn  unb  ben  SSeg  unb  fagtc:  „3ti/  ^^nn 
3^f)r  langfamer  fal&rct  3^^  ^iH  <Jud^  tiod^  bal^in.''  S)a  bad^te 
ber  anbere:  „J)a^  ift  ein  red^ter  ?larr!  ^'e  fd&neller,  befto  ef)er!" 
unb  ranntc  mit  feinem  SSagen  rt)eiter  bcm  i^^feganger  t)orau6» 
211^  aber  biefer  fctnc^  ©d^rttte^  eine  ©tunbc  todttv  gcgangen 
unb  e^  fc^on  jicmlid^  bunfel  tDar,  fal^  er  eine  ^utfdje  am  SBege 
liegen.  S)ie  ^utfd^e  lam  tl^m  befannt  t)or,  unb  ben  9Wann,  ber 
baneben  ftanb  unb  auf  [eine  armen  ^ferbe  unb  auf  ben  fd^Ied^ten 
SBagen  fd^intpfte,  erfannte  er  aud^  tDieber.  „®uter  greunb/' 
fprad^  er,  „td^  l^ab'^  (Sud^  tt)oi)l  gefagt,  ^'f)v  f)attet  langfamer 
fal^ren  fotten^  ^l^r  burftet  nid^t  fo  fd^nett  fafiren^  ^d^  mufe 
6ud^  nun  einen  SBagen  f)erau^fenben,  tDenn  id^  in  bie  ®tabt 
fomme/' 

211^  ber  Si^fegcinger  am  folgenben  9Korgen  im  ®a[tf)aufe,  too 
er  gefd^Iafen  l^atte,  auftDad^te  unb  gum  genfter  J^inau^fal^,  fam 
langfam  unb  lal^m  ein  SBagen  baf)ev.  J)en  fannte  ber  SBan= 
ber^mann,  unb  e^  taten  il^m  nur  bie  ^ferbe  leib,  bie  iiber  9lad^t 
nid^t^  gefreffen  l^atten. 

SBieilberfefeen  ©ie  ,,@ile  mit  SBeile'^? 

^emanb,  ber  (gile  '()at,  ift  eilig* 

@in  3Beg,  ber  ©teine  l^at,  ift  — ? 

SBie  iiberfe^en  ®ie:  e^  tut  mir  auc^  nid^t  leib? 

SBa6  tut  ein  SSanberer? 

SBo  l^aben  tDir  ttjanbem  gelernt? 

2Ba^  fiir  ein  9Kann  ift  ein  i5^feganger? 

©inb  bet  SBagen  unb  bie  Sutfc^e  ba^felbe? 

SBa^  tufeinSBagner? 

SSo  l&aben  n)ir  t§  bunfelt  gel^abt? 


112  beginners'   GERMAN 

9Bar  e^  fd^on  Slbenb  ober  iDurbc  e^  crft  Slbenb? 

SBer  fam  auf  ber  ganbftrafee  gefal^ren? 

SBa^  tat  ber  9Kann?   SBanim? 

2Bar  ber  2Beg  fteinlo^  unb  eben? 

9Ben  traf  ber  frembe  Tlann? 

SBar  btefer  ju  ^ferbe? 

2Banntt)oIIte  ber  5D?annmba^  nad^fteSorf  fommen? 

SBoIIte  ber  SBanber^mann  aud^  nod^  bai)in? 

aBa^  fagte  er? 

SBte  lautete  bte  SlnttDort  be^  ^^l^rmann^? 

aSartete  ber  9Kann  auf  ben  SBanberer? 

gul^r  iener  balb  ab? 

©unfelte  e^  fdEion,  al^  ber  SSanberer  eine  .Sutfd^e 

im  SBege  liegen  faf)? 
^annte  er  ben  SBagen  unb  ben  9Kann? 
SSa^  tat  biefer? 
2Bar  er  gornig?    93Barum? 
2Ben  mu^te  ber  SSanberer  gum  gnl^rmann  fenben? 
SBann  unb  iDie  tarn  ber  SSagen  enblid^  an? 
SBarum  taten  bem  gufegcinger  bie  ^ferbe  leib? 
-3ft  e^  ber  9Wiif)e  iDert,  fid^  gu  fel^r  gu  beeilen? 
8of)nt  e^  ftc^? 

(Srjdl^Ien  ©ie  bie  gange  ©efd^td^te! 
Sefen  ©ie  biefelbe  laut  bor! 
©d^reiben  ©ie  {e^t  eine  Slrbeit  bariiber! 
©rjctl^Ien  ©ie  bie  ©efd^ic^te  guerft  al^  gi^finnann, 
bann  al^  SBanberer! 

NOTE 

How  is  the  present  participle  formed? 
How  is  it  declined? 


beginners'   GERMAN  II3 

Illustrate. 

Observe:  td^  tDcife,  bu  tdci^t,  er  tDcife,  h3ir  tDtffen,  etc. 
n)tffen,  tDufete,  getDufet. 

Give  the  principal  parts  of  ttliffctt  in  sentences. 
Is  there  any  similarity  between  the  conjugation  of  id^  toctfe 
and  some  other  verbs? 

Is  there  any' difference  between: 

ge{)en  ®ie  ^in,  and 

fommen  ®ie  ^cr?    What  is  it? 

How  do  you  distinguish  between  the  conjunctions  taatttt^ 
mctttt,  aU?    Illustrate. 

Are  verbs  of  motion  always  expressed  after  modal  aux- 
iliary verbs?    Illustrate. 


Why  are 

fennen 

brennen 

fetiben 

ncnncn 

rennen 

tt^enben 

brinGcn,  brad^te,  gebrad^t 
benfen,  bad^te,  gebad^t 

irregular  weak   verbs?      Why    are    they    sometimes    called 
mixed  verbs? 

Give  their  principal  parts  in  sentences. 

Note  the  difference  between: 

:      td^  {)(ittc  e^  gcfoUt,  and 
id^  f)(ittc  e^  tun  fallen. 

Illustrate  the  use  of  the  two  past  participles  of  all  aux- 
iliary verbs  of  mood  by  original  sentences. 

Give  the  synopsis  of  all  modal  auxiliaries  as  follows: 

id^  barf  nteinen  J^reunb  befud^en, 

bu  burfteft  bcinen  greunb  befud^en, 

cr  tDtrb  feinen  greunb  be[ud^en  biirfen, 

tDir  I)aben  unferc  greunbe  befud^en  biirfen, 

tf)r  l^attct  cure  greunbe  befud^en  biirfcn, 

fie  tDiirben  if)rc  greunbe  l^afien  befud^en  biirfcn* 


114  BEGINNERS     GERMAN 

Change  the  direct  questions  or  statements  in  this  story 
into  indirect  ones. 

Rewrite  the  whole  story  by  changing  the  preterit: 

1.  into  the  perfect  tense, 

2.  into  the  present. 

^tDCtun&r>ier3igfte  2lufgabe 
2)rci  ?f  tcunbc 

@in  5D?ann  l^attc  brei  greunbe;  jlDci  t)on  tl^ncn  licbtc  er  fel^r; 
ber  brittc  tDar  if)m  glctci^giiltig,  obtdoi)!  bicfer  e^  am  el^rlid^ften 
mit  if)m  mcintc,  Sitter  Sage^  touxht  cr  t)or  ©crid^t  geforbert, 
n)o  cr  unfd^ulbig,  aber  ^art  bcrflagt  n)ar»  ,,SBcr  unter  euc^/' 
fprad^  er,  „rt)itl  mit  mir  gel^en  unb  fiir  mic^  geugen?  ©enn  ic^ 
bin  l^art  t)erflagt  h)orbcn,"  3)er  erfte  feiner  grcunbe  entf($iil= 
bigte  fid^  foglcid^,  ba^  er  tDcgen  anberer  ©efd^cifte  ntd^t  mit  if)m 
gel^en  fonne*  S)er  gtDeite  begleitete  if)n  bi^  gur  Jiir  be^  9ti(^t^ 
l^aufe^;  ba  fel^rte  er  um  unb  ging  au^  i^urc^t  t)or  bem  jormgen 
SJid^ter  ynvM.  J)er  britte,  auf  ben  er  am  tcenigften  gebaut 
l^atte,  ging  l^inein,  rebete  fiir  tl^n  nnb  geugte  fo  frenbig  Don 
feiner  Unfd^ulb,  bafe  ber  9Kann  bom  9ti(^ter  freigefproc^en 
tourbe, 

S)rei  greunbe  l^at  ber  2)?enf(^  in  biefer  SBelt,    SBie  betragen 

fie  fic^  in  ber  ©tunbe  be6  Zobe^,  ft)enn  il^n  ®ott  t)or  ©erid^t 

forbert?    J)a6  ®elb,  fein  befter  grennb,  berlafet  tl^n  guerft  unb 

gel^t  nid^t  mit  il^m^    (Seine  25ern)anbten  unb  greunbe  begleiten 

il^n  bi^  jur  Jiir  be^  ®rabe6  unb  fel^ren  tDieber  in  tl^re  ^dufer. 

3)er  britte,  ben  er  im  ^tbtn  oft  am  meiften  t)erga6,  ftnb  feine 

iDol^ltdtigen  SBerfe.    ®ie  allein  begleiten  il^n  bi^  gum  2^f)rone 

be^  SJid^ter^;  fie  gefien  boran,  fpred^en  fiir  il^n  unb  finben 

Sarm{)erjigfeit  unb  @nabc» 

3.®.  Berber. 


beginners'   GERMAN  II5 

9Ba^  tut  cm  9?id^ter  ttn  ©cric^t? 

Scugctt  fieifet  fiir  ober  gegen  icntanbcn  fprcd^cn^ 

^emanb,  ber  ©d^ulb  l^at,  ift  fd^ulbig. 

@tncr,  ber  feinc  ©c^ulb  ^at,  i[t  — ♦ 

iffia^  tut  ein  ©d^ulbiger?    (gr  —  ftd^, 

9Borum  bittet  eiu  ©d^ulbiger?    (gr  bittet  um  — 

ober  um  S3 — ♦ 
SBa^  filr  ein  9Wauu  ift  ein  gomiger  9Kann?  3ut:nt 

er? 
SBer  i^vtuht  l^at,  ift  — . 
SBer  feine  greube  l^at,  ift  — • 
233a^  tut  ein  freubiger  9Kenfd^?    @r  —  fid^* 


9Bie  biele  greunbe  ^atte  ein  9Wann? 

§atte  er  alte  gleid^  gem? 

§atte  er  gmei  i)on  ifinen  liefter  al^  ben  britten? 

Ober  l^atte  er  ben  britten  am  Ite6ften? 

SBie  ftanb  er  gum  britten? 

aSer  toav  ber  e^rlid^fte  unter  feinen  greunben? 

9Bann  tDurbe  ber  Warm  t)or  ©erid^t  gerufen? 

2Be6^aIb? 

SBorum  bat  er  feine  greunbe? 

aSomit  entfd^ulbigte  fid^  ber  erfte  greunb? 

SBie  todt  ging  ber  gtreite  mit? 

SBe^lDegen  h)anbte  er  fid^? 

aBa^  tat  ber  britte  greunb,  ber  ilim  am  gleid 

giiltigften  toax? 
SBer  fprad^  ben  9Kann  frei? 
SSon  tDem  touxht  er  freigefprod^en? 
SBer  finb  bie  brei  gt^eunbe,  bie  tt)iv  l^aben? 


Il6  BEGINNERS     GERMAN 

SBic  bef)anbelt  bcr  erfte  greunb  hen  93?enf(i^en  in 

ber  S^obe^ftunbe? 
®ef)en  bie  jtDciten  greunbe  bi6  gur  ©rabe^tiir  mit? 
SBie  f)cifet  ber  britte  greunb  be^  SWenfc^en? 
J^olgt  tl^m  biefer  bi^  sum  Siic^tertl^ron? 
SBa^  crtDtrft  er  fiir  ben  SWenfc^en? 

©rjal^Ien  ®ie  bie  ganje  gabel! 
Sefen  ©ie  ba^  ©tiidf ! 
©d^reiben  ©ie  e^! 

NOTE 

Supply  the  missing  relative  pronoun  in: 
@in  SJJann,  —  greunbe  if)n  liebten,  tDurbe  eine^  Sage^  t)er!Iagt. 
What  is  the  difference  in  the  use  of  cases  between: 
eine^  Xaqt§  and  jcbcn  Xaq? 

PASSIVE 

Present  —  id)  mxbt  feinetiDegen  t^erflagt. 

Preterit  —  bu  tDurbeft  feinettnegen  Derflagt* 

Future  —  er  h)irb  feinettDegen  berflagt  toerben. 

Perfect  —  mir  finb  feinettDegen  berflagt  tporben. 

Pluperfect  —  xi)x  toavt  feinetlDegen  t)erflagt  iDorben, 

Perf.  Cond.  —  fte  tDiirben  feinetmegen  t)erflagt  tt)orben  fein. 

What  is  the  auxiliary  in  the  formation  of  the  true  passive 
voice  of  action? 

Is  there  a  so-called  passive  of  description  or*  condition, 
where  the  past  participle  has  adjective  force? 

E.g. 

er  tDurbe  t)erflagt  =  he  was  being  accused,  but 
er  h)ar  t)erflagt  =  he  was  accused  (an  accused  person,  he 
had  been  accused). 


beginners'   GERMAN  II7 

Distinguish  similarly  between: 

©ic  S^ilren  merben  gefd^Ioffen  (geoffnct),  and 
bie  2:ilren  finb  gefd^Ioffen  (geoffnet). 

How  is  the  English  ^^by"  in  connection  with  the  passive 
rendered  in  German?    Illustrate. 

Change  in  the  last  paragraph,  as  far  as  possible,  the  active 
into  the  passive,  both  orally  and  in  writing. 

Change  the  direct  speech  of  the  man  into  indirect  dis- 
course, and  the  indirect  speech  of  the  first  friend  into  direct 
speech. 


Dretunbpterjigfte  2lufgabe 

©te  l^ol^eren  ^nabenfc^ulen  be^  ©eutfd^en  dtd6)t^  gcrfatten 
in  ®t}mnaften,  Ofealgijtnnaften  unb  Oberreatfd^ulen.  Wt  btefe 
Slnftaltcn  tiaben  einen  neunial^rigen  ^urfu^.  S)ie  ©d^iiler  ber 
erften  Slnftalt  l^etfeen  ©ijmnaftaften,  bie  ber  stDeiten:  dttalQt^m^ 
naftaften,  unb  bie  ber  britten  Slnftalt:  Oberrealfd^iiler*  S)te 
^laffen  in  alien  brei  ©d^ulen  l^etfeen  t)on  unten  auf:  ©eyta, 
Outnta,  Ouarta,  Untertertia,  Obertertia,  Unterfefunba, 
Oberfefunba,  Unterprima  unb  Oberprtma.  9^ad^  beftanbener 
Unterfefunba  ober  nac^  [ec^^  ^ai)vtn  erl^alten  bie  iungen  Seute 
ba^  (gtniaf)rig=greitr)tlltge^3eugnt^  jum  9JftIitarbien[t.  9^a(§ 
beftanbenem  enbglilttgen  (gfamen  iDirb  ber  Oberprimaner  2lbi^ 
turient  unb  mufe  gu  alien  Umberfitcit^ftubien  an  alien  21 
beutfc^en  Unttjerfttciten  unb  an  bm  10  ted^ntfd^en  ^od^fd^ulen 
3ugelaf[en  t^erben*  ^n  alien  I)oI)eren  Seliranftalten  ti3erben 
Seutf(^,  arjatf)emattf,  9^aturtDtffenf(^aften,  ®ef(^t(i^te,  @rb:= 
funbe,  ^Religion,  3^t(finen,  ©ingen  unb  Jurnen  gelel^rt*  ©ie 
anberen  Sel^rfad^er,  b.  i).  bie  fremben  ©prad^en,  finb  fo  tjerteilt, 


Il8  beginners'   GERMAN 

ba^  ?atcin,  ©rted^tfd^  unb  grangoftfd^  auf  ben  ©^mnaften  ht^ 
trieben  tDcrben,  auf  ben  3JeaIgt)mnaften  gatein  unb  neuere 
©prad^en,  nctmlid^  granaoftfd^  unb  ©nglifd^,  unb  auf  ben  Cber= 
realfd^ulen  nur  bie  neueren  ©prad^en*  ©ie  ®(f)uler  finb  beim 
gintritt  gelnofinltd^  neun  bi^  jefin  ^'afire  alt  unb  f)aben  brei  bi^ 
bier  ^al^re^furfe  ber  33oIf6fd^uIe,  ober  eine  S3orfd^uIe  t)on  brei= 
ial^riger  Saner,  —  fed^^  Jage  bie  SBod^e,  —  burd^gemad^t 
3)ie  gerien  bauem  gemoJ^nlid^  elf  SBod^en,  b.  ^.  Oftern  jmei 
SBod^en,  ^fingften  eine  SBod^e,  grofee  ©omnterferien  bier  bi^ 
fiinf  ilBod^en,  Wi^adi^  eine  bi^  jtnei  SBod^en  unb  SBeil^nad^ten 
jtDei  SBod^en*  S)er  Slbiturient  einer  l^ol^eren  beutfd^en  Sef)r* 
anftalt  biirfte  fo  gut  n)ie  ein  Junior  eine^  amerifanifd^en  col- 
lege borgebilbet  fein* 

®ie  9Kabd^en  befud^en  gelnol^nlid^  fogenannte  $o{)ere  9)?ab^ 
d^enfd^ulen.  ^eijt  gibt  e^  aud^  einige  2Wabd)engl}mnafien,  n)el(^e 
ben  ©d^iilerinnen  biefelben  S3ered^tigungen  erteilen  tt)ie  bie  ent^ 
fpred^enben  f)6l^eren  ^nabenfd^ulen* 

Stagcn 

2Bie  biele  Slrten  t)on  l^ol^eren  beutfd^en  ^naben^ 

fd^ulen  gibt  e^? 
SBie  fieifeen  biefelben  unb  beren  ©driller? 
SBie  nennt  man  bie  ©driller  ber  berfd^iebenen  neun 

^laffen? 
©ie  iungen  ©eutfd^en  miiffen  2  ober  3  Qai)vt  ®oU 

bat  fein  im  ^eere  ober  in  ber  SKarine* 
iEBer  braud^t  nur  ein  ^ai)v  gu  bienen?  i!Be^f)aIb? 
!Darf  ein  Slbiturient  iiberatt  ftubieren? 
SBie  biele  beutfd^e  Uniberfitaten  fennen  ©ie? 
©eben  ©ie  bie  gemeinfamen  Sel^rfad^er  ber  l^ol^eren 

©d^ulen  an! 


beginners'   GERMAN  IIQ 

SBic  ncnnt  man  ©rbfunbe  fonft  nod^? 

©ic  SBotanif,  bit  ^oologic,  ^l^tjfif  unb  ©l^cmic 

[tub  9iaturn)iffcnfci^aftcn» 
SBcId^c  ©prad^en  tocrbcn  auf  bcm  ©^mnafium  gc^ 

le^rt? 
SBcId^e  auf  bcm  Stealgtjmnaftum? 
Unb  tDelc^c  auf  bcr  Obcrrcalfd^ulc? 
SBelc^e^  ift  bie  SBorbilbung  ber  f)o^ercn  ©ci^iller? 
3n  tDcId^em  Sllter  fommen  ftc  gelDotinUd^  in  bic 

i)oi)txtn  ©d^ulcn? 
^at  man  in  3)cutf(^Ianb  fiinftcigigcn  Untcrrid^t 

rt)0(^entltd^  obcr  n)irb  in  ©eutfd^Ianb  an  fcd^^ 

Sagen  untcrric^tet? 
SBic  tdtxbm  bie  gerien  eingeteilt? 
SBie   gut   tDcrben   bie   f)6f)eren   ©collier    au^ge^ 

bilbet? 
2Ba^  fonnen  ©ie  iiber  bie  9Wabd^enfd^uIen  fagen? 

(Srjal^Ien  ©ie  alte^,  tda^  ©ie  iiber  bie  ]^6f)eren 

beutfd^en  ©d^ulen  njiffen! 
SSergleid^en  ©ie  bie  beutfd^en  ©d^ulen  mit  ben 

amerifanifd^en  ©d^ulen! 
?efen  ©ie  ha^  ©tildf  je^t  in  ^^xtm  S3ud&e  nad^! 
©d^reiben  ©ie  einen  Heinen  Stuff a^  bariiber! 

NOTE 

In  what  number  are  the  names  of  the  great  holidays  used 
in  German?    E.g.  SBeif)nac^ten,  etc. 

Substitute  for  jerfatten  the  verb  eintdten. 

Substitute  for  l^ei^en  the  verb  nennen. 

In  the  two  sentences  which  begin  with  the  preposition 
nac^,  use  the  conjunction  nad^bem,  orally  and  in  writing. 


I20  BEGINNERS     GERMAN 

Change  into  the  passive  in  all  persons  and  tenses: 

i^  nel^me  mein  93u(^, 
id)  offne  mein  58uc^, 
id)  fdjiiefee  mein  93nd^, 
id)  lege  mein  ^ud)  !)in» 
E.g. 

9Wein  (ba^)  ^nd)  tt)irb  tjon  mir  genommen,  etc. 


t)terunbt)ter3igfte  2lufgabe 
2)ie  2)eutf^ett  in  Slmcrifa 

©eutfd^e  finb  in  ber  ganjen  SBelt  gu  finben*  ©ie  jal^Ien  bei^ 
naf)e  100  9}JiItionen,  Don  benen  nngefctl^r  68  2)?iIIionen  in 
©entfd^Ianb  nnb  15  9KiIIionen  in  Cfterreid^  inol^nen^  @^  gibt 
and)  Diele  3)entf(f)e  in  ber  (Sd)ii3eij  nnb  in  Jfn^Ianb,  3)ie  grofete 
5af)l  S)entf(^er  im  Sln^Ianb  finbet  man  in  ben  S3ereinigten 
©taaten^  ®d)on  *ipenn  bvad)U,  aU  er  fic^  1682  in  "ipenn^^ 
f^banien  nieberliefe,  biele  ®entf($e,  fianptfad^IicO  JRI^einpfaljer, 
mit,  benen  im  erften  ©rittel  be^  18.  ^cil^rl^unbert^  bdxdd)U 
lid)t  ©d^aren  folgten,  bie  immer  inieber  nenen  ?ta(^f($nb  er== 
l^ielten.  .^ntereffant  ift  e^,  ha^  ein  ©entfc^er,  namen^  ^eter 
9Kinnit,  1626  jnm  erften  tnirflic^en  ©ontiernenr  t)on  Sleti) 
g)orf  getnctl^It  h^nrbe,  nac^bem  er  bie  22  englifd^e  Onabrat^ 
meiten  gro^e  ^nfel  aWanl^attan  fiir  100  W:avt  t)on  ben  ^n^ 
bianem  gefanft  l^atte.  ©d^on  im  ^ai)ve  1787  bilbete  fid^  einc 
bentfd^e  ©efeltfd^aft  in  5Retn  g)orf,  bie  Don  btn  angefel^enften 
bentfd^en  ^anflenten  nnb  ©rnnbbefi^em  begrllnbet  iDorben  inar 
unb  t)on  il^nen  nnterftii^t  tonrbe. 

®a^  ^ai)x  1848  bvad)U  t)iele  ©entfd^e  nad^  Slmcrifa.  @iner 
ber  beften  bon  il^nen,  ^arl  ©d^nrj,  ein  ebenfo  gnter  ©entfd^er 
n)ie  trener  Siirger  ber  33ereinigten  ©taaten,  bef)anbelte  in  Diel^ 


BEGINNERS     GERMAN  121 

Bcad^tetcr  SRebc  ben  ©influ^  be^  ©eutfd^tum^  auf  btc  Union 
unb  jeigte  babei,  tt)ie  frctfttg  bte  35eutfc^:=2Imerifaner  an  bem 
gortfd^ritt  be^  f)umanen  ©eifte^  in  Slmerifa  mitgeh)irft  f)aben. 
Unter  anberem  fagte  er,  bafe  bie  ©eutfd^en  bie  ^flege  ber  ^unft 
unb  be^  ©efange^  mitgebrad)t  l^atten,  fo  ha^  bie  $Ka[t  t)on  ber 
Strbeit  in  alien  ^laffen  be^  93oIfe^  mef)r  unb  mel^r  t)on  bem 
©onnenfc^ein  eine^  l^eiteren  geben^genuffe^  burc^Iend^tet  tnerbe^ 
,,9^i(^t  allein  tdiv,"  fo  fagte  ^arl  ©d^urg,  ,,fonbem  je^t  aud^ 
eine  2)?ef)rja]^I  bon  benen,  beren  SSomrteil  erft  iibertonnben 
tDerben  mnfete,  freut  fic^  biefer  Sefefirung  jum  grol^finn." 

Unb  toie  anf  amerifanifd^em  Soben  ein  ©entfc^er  in  bef(^ei= 
bener  SBeife  bie  S3erbienfte  ber  ©eutfd^en  um  bie  5Sereinigten 
©taaten  betonte,  fo  tat  bie^  in  h)eit  frfiftigerer  §lrt  ein  Slmeri^^ 
faner  anf  bentfd^er  (grbe,  unb  gtoar  3:f)eobore  9?oofet)eIt  gele= 
gentlic^  feiner  Sorlefung  in  ber  iBerliner  Unit)erfitat  am  12. 
9Wai  1910.  @r  bemerfte,  ba^  er  in  biefe^  ?anb  t)on  rul^m^^ 
t)olIer  S5ergangenf)eit  unb  glctnjenber  ®egentx)art  al^  §lngef)o^ 
riger  eine^  inngen  SSoIfe^  fomme,  auf  ba^  3)eutfd^lanb  grofeen 
(ginflufe  au^geiibt:  „2)er  beutfd^e  5lnteil  an  unferem  i8Iut  ift 
grofe,  benn  faft  bon  SInbeginn  an  ift  ba^  beutfd^e  Element  unter 
ben  einanber  folgenben  SBogen  Don  Slnfommlingen,  beren  ^in^ 
be^tinber  in  bie  dmerifanifd^e  Station  Derarbeitet  iDorben  finb 
unb  nod^  loerben,  grofe  getnefen;  unb  id^  felbft  fuf)re  meine  W)^ 
ftammung  auf  {enen  3^^i9  ber  9lieberbeutfd[)en  guritdf,  Wd^tv 
^ollanb  au^  ber  9Jorbfee  emporgel^oben  f)at.  Unb  noc^  mctjV, 
toir  l^aben  bon  ifinen  nid^t  nur  einen  grofeen  Seil  be^  iBIute^, 
ba6  burd^  unfere  5lbem  rinnt,  entnommen,  fonbem  aud^  einen 
grofeen  Jeil  ber  ©ebanfenn^elt,  burd^  toeld^e  unfere  ©enfarbeit 
beftimmt  toirb." 

Syjan  nimmt  an,  ba^  in  ben  S?ereinigten  ©taaten  nal^e  an 
brei  aWillionen  in  ©eutfd^lanb  geborene  ^erfonen  h)of)nen.  S)ie 
3ci]^l  alter  au^  beutfd^en  gamilien  ftammenben  S3etoof)ner,  b.  i). 


122  beginners'   GERMAN 

jencr,  bcrcn  Bcibc  ©Item  ober  bcren  SBatcr  obcr  SKuttcr  in 
Scutfd^Ianb  geboren  tDurbcn,  ift  abcr  nttt  ncun  9}JiIIioncn  ntdf}! 
gu  l^od&  flefd^dfet;  ba^  mad^t  ben  jel^nten  Jeil  ber  ©efamtbedol^ 
fcrung  au^,  9lad&  „!Dcutf^Ianb  aU  mitmad)t,"  6.  837. 

SBo  ftnb  bie  ©cutfd^en  gn  finbcn? 

SBie  t)ielc  S)entfd^e  gfil^It  man  im  gangen? 

SBie  t)ielc  gintrol^ner  f)at  ©entfd^Ianb? 

Unb  bic  SBcreinigten  ©taaten? 

SBer  brad^te  t)ielc  ©entfd^e  mit  nad^  Slmerifa? 

28a^  fiir  ?anb^Ientc  tDaren  bie^  junt  grofe ten  Xdl? 

aSeld^er  ©eutfd^e  tDurbe  gnerft  in  Slmerifa  offent^ 

lid^  geel^rt? 
Sffiogn  iDurbe  er  Qttdaf)lt? 
SBie  l^iefe  ber  ©taat  ^tto  2)orf  guerft? 
Unb  h)ie  bie  ©tabt? 
iffiie  t)iele  ©oltar  beiaf)ltt  ^eter  9Kinuit  fiir  9Wan^ 

l&attan? 
3n  hjeld^em  S'al^re  be^  nennjel^nten  3a]^rf)nnbert^ 

famen  biele  ©entfd^e  nad^  Stmerifa?    SBamm? 
2Ba6  n)iffen  ©ie  bon  ^arl  ©d^nrj? 
<^ennen  ©ie  feine  Siid^er  liber  $enr^  (Slai)  unb 

Slbral^am  Sincoln? 
fatten  ©ie  if)n  fiir  einen  grofeen  9Kann? 
?ebt  ^axl  ©d^urj  nod^? 
§at  er  ie  ein  offentlid^e^  2lmt  befleibet? 
SBeld^e  Jugenben  fiaben  bie  ©eutfd^en  nad^  Slme^ 

rifa  mitgebrad^t? 
SBeld^er  grofee  Slmerifaner  betonte  ebenfaE^  ben 

Sinflufe  ber  3)eutfd^en  auf  nnb  bie  S3erbienfte 

berfelben  urn  bie  S3ereinigten  ©taaten? 


beginners'   GERMAN  1 23 

SBo  iDurbc  biefc  9?ebc  gel^alten?   SBann? 

SBie  ift  S)eutf(^Ianb^  S^ergangcnfieit? 

SBte  feinc  ©egenmart? 

2Ba^  benfen  ©ic  t)on  ©eutfd^Ianb^  S^f^ri\t? 

§aben  t)iele  Slmerifaner  beutfd^e^  Slut  in  il^rcn 

3lbcm? 
SBeld^er  Slbftammung  ift  Sfieobore  SRoofebelt? 
SBie  Diele  ®eutf(^=§ltnertfaner  folteti  in  ben  33cr* 

einigten  ©taaten  tDof)nen? 

@rsaf)len  ©ie,  tt)a6  @ic  liber  bie  S)eut[d^en  in 

§lmerifa  gu  fagen  f)aben! 
Sefen  ©ie  bie  ©arftettung! 
©eben  ©ie  bie  23Bieberf)oIung  berfelben  [d^riftlic^! 

NOTE 

SSermanbeIn  ©ie  bie  inbireft  gegebene  9?ebe  bon  ^art  ©d^ur^  in 
birefte  $Rebe! 
Unb  htn  bireft  gegebenen  ©a^  in  inbirette  5Rebe! 
SSermanbeIn  ©ie,  miinblic^  unb  fd^riftlid^,  9Ioofet)eIt^  Semer^ 
fungen! 
SBie.iiberfefeen  ©ie: 

©eutfc^e  finb  iiberatl  gu  finben^ 

®a^  ift  nid^t  gu  glauben! 

3c^  l)abe  e^  fagen  {)oren, 

®a^  taftt  fxd)  {)offen  (possibility). 

Q^  ttjurbe  ben  lieben  langen  S:ag  gegeffen  unb  getrunfen* 

Observe: 
9Man  finbet  t)iete  Slu^tttnber  in  biefem  Sanbe^ 
(Sine  ©efellfd^aft  tiilbet  fi^. 

Is  the  passive  used  as  much  in  German  as  it  is  in  English? 
Does  every  verb  form  a  personal  passive  in  German? 


124  beginners'   GERMAN 

Is  the  passive  always  used  when  the  agent  is  expressed? 
How  does  the  German  avoid  the  passive  voice,  and  what 
substitutes  are  used? 

Observe  the  flexibility  of  English  in  the  use  of  the  passive. 

Active:  He  gave  me  a  pencil. 

@r  gab    ntir  einen  S3Ieiftift* 

Passive:  I  was  given  a  pencil  (a  pencil  was  given  me). 
Mix  murbe  ein  S3Ieifttft  t)on  if)m  gegeben* 


5unfunbr)ter3tgfte  2lufgabe 

(Review) 
2)eutfrf|Ianb  iificr  attc^ 

1.  3)eutf(^Ianb,  ©eutfd^Ianb  ilber  ato, 
liber  alle^  in  ber  SSelt, 

SBenn  e^  ftet^  ju  ©d^u^  unb  Jru^e 
S3ruberltd^  Sufammenf)alt, 
25on  ber  SKaa^  bi^  an  bte  9WemeI, 
S?on  ber  gtfc^  bi^  an  ben  Selt. 
S)entfc^Ianb,  ©eutfd^lanb  iiber  alte^, 
liber  alle^  in  ber  SSelt! 

2.  S)eutf(^e  granen,  bentfd^e  Jrene, 
©eutfc^er  SSein  unb  beutfd^er  ©ang 
©ollen  in  ber  2BeIt  befialten 
3^]^ren  alten  fc^onen  .^lang, 

Un^  ju  ebler  2:at  begeiftem 
Unfer  gan^e^  Seben  lang* 
©entfd^e  grauen,  bentfd^e  Jrene, 
!J)ent[(^er  SBein  unb  beutfd^er  ©ang! 


beginners'   GERMAN  12$ 

Sitiigfeit  unb  dtt^t  unb  J^^^tl^^it 
gur  ba^  beutfd^e  SSaterlanb, 
©attach  lafet  un^  alte  ftreben 
SBruberlid^  tnit  ^ers  unb  ^anb! 
ginigfeit  unb  9?e(^t  unb  gretf)eit 
©inb  be^  ©liide^  Unterpfanb. 
nW  im  ©lanje  btefe^  ©lilde^, 
S3Iuf)c  beutfd^e^  SSaterlanb! 

Hoffmann  t)on  Sallcr^Icbcn. 

®te  2)?aa^,  bie  2JJenteI  unb  bie  (gtfd^  [tub  gliiffc. 
S)ie  gjJaa^  ift  im  SBeften  bon  ®eutf($Ianb.    2Bo? 
2)te  aWemel  ift  tm  Often  ©eutfd^Ianb^. 
S)te  (gtfd^  ift  im  ©ilben  don  ©eutfc^Ianb,  unb  bcr 

Selt,  fojufagen  ein  Seil  be^  S3altifc^en  5D?eere^, 

ift  im  9^orben  don  ©eutfci^Ianb* 
S)a^  iBaltifd^e  2)?eer  l^eifet  gett)o^nIi($  bie  Oftfee* 
3ft  bie  2)?emel  auf  beutfd^em  iBoben? 
SBo  liegen  bie  anberen  ®ert)(iffer? 
3eigen  ©ie  alle^  auf  ber  Cartel 
aSarum  fieifet  e^  im  Often  S)eutfd^Ianb^  unb  nic^t 

don  ®eutf(^Ianb? 
2Ba6  fann  man  anftatt  ftet^  noc^  fagen? 
iffiie  toiirben  ©ie  ju  ©d^u^  unb  3:ru^  au^briiden? 
SBerftel^en  ©ie  {e^t  ba^  ?ieb? 
©ingen  ©ie  e^! 
?emen  ©ie  e^  filr  bie  nad^ften  ©tunben  au^lDenbig, 

fo  ha^  ©ie  e^  aud^  fd^reiben  fonnen! 

Hoffmann  don  galter^Ieben  ift  ber  ©id^ter  biefe^ 
5RationalIiebe6  ber  ©eutfd^en  (feit  1871),  ba^ 
auc^  2)a^  Sicb  ber  ^eutfd&en  genannt  toirb* 


126  beginners'   GERMAN 

S)ic  aWelobie  rill^rt  Don  ^atjhn  f)tx  unb  tft  glcid^^ 
Seitig  bie  9WeIobic  fiir  bie  ofterrcid^ifd^e  S^ational^ 
l^^tnne:  ,,®ott  er^altc  ^^xaxii  ben  ^aifer^'' 


5cdjsunbDter3tgfte  ^ufgabe 
S)eutfc^tattb^  Stettung  in  bcr  aBcttrt)irtf(^aft 

3n  ben  3^iten  ber  SBoIfemanbemng  l^at  ber  bem  bentfc^en 
IBoIfe  innetDol^nenbe  SBanbertrieb  bie  ©ermanenfttintme  nad^ 
bem  ©iiben  unb  SBeften  gefiil^rt,  nad^  ^talien^  granfreid^, 
©panien  unb  Slfrifa,  bann  tief  bi^  nad^  Ungarn  l^inein  unb 
'h)ieber  norbmart^  nad^  Snglanb.  Unb  fd^on  balb  nad^  ber  (gtni= 
rgung  ber  beutfd&en  ©tamme  unter  ben  erften  fraftbotten  @ad^- 
fenfaifern,  bann  unter  ben  ^ol^enftaufen  unb  [pater  in  ber  3^it 
t)e^  Seutfd^^errenorben^  erlDiefen  bie  5)eutfd^en  i^ren  S3emf 
aU  ^olonifatoren  ber  9lorb^  unb  Oftmarfen  in  l^eifeen  ^ampfen 
gegen  SBenben  unb  ^reufeen,  Tlit  ber  ®eh)innung  ber  Oftfee 
begann  bie  iBIiltejeit  ber  beutfd^en  ^anfa.  3^^  cS^it  ber  ^reuj^ 
jiige,  aU  bie  italienifd^en  ^anbel^ftdbte  mel^r  in  ben  SSorber^ 
grunb  traten,  bllil^ten  bie  SBoJ^npIct^e  im  ©Uben  S)eutfd^lanb^ 
auf:  SBien,  Slug^burg,  Ulm  unb  9^iimberg» 

S)ie  Sntbedfung  neuer  ^anbel^tDege  am  Stu^gang  be6  9WitteI' 
altera  fanb  bie  S)eutfd^en  nid^t  untcttig,  n)enngleid^  bie  romani^ 
fd^en  9?ationen,  bie  ^ortugiefen  unb  ©panier,  baran  ben 
^auptteil  l^atten,  ^n^befonbere  tDaren  bie  gugger  unb  SBelfer, 
reid^e  ^aufteute  in  Slug^burg,  beftrebt,  bie  neuen  ffierfel^r^der^ 
l^ciltniffe  fid^  bienftbar  su  madden,  ©ie  tiaben  glotten  au^ 
fpanifd^en  C^afen  au^gel^en  ta[fen  unb  fid^  am  fpanifd^en  ®e= 
tDiirgfianbel  beteiligt,  ja  felbft  gu  (groberungen  unb  Slnfiebe* 
lungen  auf  frembem  SBoben  finb  [ie  [ortge[d^ritten»  S3enejuela 
tDurbe  be[e^t  unb  foHte  rid^tiger  SBeI[erIanb  tieifeen.     ©oc^ 


beginners'   GERMAN  1 2/ 

ol^nc  Untcrftil^ung  burd^  ba^  dtd^,  bent  cine  glotte  fefilte, 
n)nrben  bie  beutfd^en  ^olonifatoren  intmer  ntel^r  au^  i^ren 
^anbel^bejiel^ungen  berbrangt^  !Dte  8rauent)oIten  3^iten  be^ 
©reifeigiftl&rigen  ^riege^  Dollenbeten  bm  SSerfalt  be^  beutfd^en 
^anbete  ju  8anb  unb  gur  ®ee*  ^^oHanb  nnb  gnglanb  riff  en 
ba^  bentfd^e  6rbe  an  fid^»  SBol^I  berfud^te  ber  ©rofee  ^nrfiirft, 
ber  in  ber  ©c^nle  ber  ^ottanber  ]^erangen)ad^fen  tioav  unb  bie 
33ebeutung  be^  9Keere^  al^  Ouelle  ber  33oIfergr6fee  fennen  ge^ 
lemt  ijattt,  bie  ©d^opfung  einer  ^anbel^flotte  unb  bie  ®riin= 
bung  einer  ^olonie  in  SBeftafrifa^  ^m  S'al^re  1683  tdavb  trofe 
be^  ©infprud^^  eiferfiid^tiger  SKcid^te  t)on  einem  2:eile  ber  ^lifte 
33efife  ergriffen,  ba^  i^ort  ®ro6=griebrid^^burg  erric^tet,  unb 
t)er]^eifeung^t)oIIe  §anbel^besief)ungen  tDurben  eroffnei  3lber 
fd^on  fein  9?ad^foIger,  ber  erfte  preufeifd^e  ^onig  griebrid^  I*^ 
l^atte  fiir  biefe  33eftrebungen  iDenig  ^tttereffe,  unb  griebrid^ 
2BiIf)eIm  L,  ber  33ater  griebric^^  be^  ©rofeen,  t)erfaufte  feinen 
S3efife  an  bie  ^oIIanbifd^-SBeftinbifd^e  ^ontpagnie  fiir  6000 
©ufaten. 

Uber  200  ^al^re  litt  ba^  beutfd^e  3Solf  unter  feinen  ungliidf^ 
feligen  politifd^en  SSerl^altniffen;  e^  mar  meerfremb  gen)orben^ 
unb  bent  SJiidfgang  be^  gelDerblid&en  ?eben^  folgte  nottDenbiger^ 
meife  ber  be^  geiftigen^ 

9^ur  langfant  bereitete  fic^  ber  Sintritt  !Deutfd^Ianb6  in  bie 
dttif)t  ber  9[BeIt{)anbeI^ntad^te  \)ov.  S)er  ©inn  fiir  frembe^ 
SSoIf^tunt  unb  frentbe  (gigenart  Wax  in  !Deutfd^Ianb  intnter 
rege,  leiber  oft  gu  feinem  ©d^aben>  Slufeerbem  tioax  bie  ^ennt- 
ni^  ber  frentben  ©prad^en  bei  un^  allmfifilid^  gu  fold^er  SSer^ 
breitung  gelangt  tt)ie  faunt  anber^lDO,  !Die  unntittelbare 
SSeranlaffung  jur  SnttDidflung  ber  iiberfeeifd^en  ^ntereffen 
©eutfd^Ianb^  aber  tiouxbe  bie  beutfd^e  Hu^tDanberung;  l^aupt^ 
fftd^Iid^  nad^  9?orbanterifa»  ©eit  betn  Slnfang  be^  19»  ^af)x^ 
l^unbert^  l^aben  ntefir  aU  5  aWiHionen  S)eutfd^e  fid&  neue 


128  beginners'   GERMAN 

SGBol^nfx^e  m  ber  ^xemiic,  f)auptfa(^lt(^  in  9^orbamertfa,  gefiid^t, 
tt)o  iefet  8-9  ajjiltionen  ©eutfc^e  leben,  ©ie  tDirtfc^aftlid^e  (gtn= 
bufee,  bie  unfer  S?aterlanb  baburd^  eriitt,  tft  grofe.  Slnberfeit^ 
aber  finb  e^  in  erfter  ?inie  bie  SSerfefir^bejie^ungen  jn  Slmerifa 
getnefen,  bie  ben  ^anbel  nnferer  §anfaftabte  tDieber  empor^ 
brad^ten^  SInf  ber  oftlid^en  ^albfngel  iDurbe  perft  Sf)inap 
bann  3nbien  erf(^Io[fen,  unb  3aptJti  offnete  gu  S3eginn  ber  60er 
3abre  be6  t)origen  3ai^t*[)unbert^  feine  ^afen  bent  bentfc^en 
S3erfe^r»  ^cutt  t)oI{enb^  nmfpannen  bie  Don  ©eutfd^Ianb  an^^ 
laufenben  S5er!e]^r^faben,  bie  je^t  anc^  nad)  5lnftralien  nnb  ber 
©xibfee  ]^innbersief)en,  ben  gangen  (grbball 

©eit  53eginn  ber  80er  S'al^re  ift  ha^  3)entf(^e  9?eid^  in  bie 
SJeil^e  ber  ^olonialnxctd^te  eingetreten,  unb  e^  bel^errfd^t  fieute 
ein  ©ebiet  bon  bem  giinffad^en  feiner  eignen  ©ro^e;  e6  ftel^t 
fontit  unter  ben  ^olonialmctc^ten  l^infic^tlic^  be^  gldd^eninfialt^ 
feiner  53efi^nngen  fd^on  an  britter  ©telle.  S)a^  in  ben 
©df)u^gebieten  angelegte  Capital  h)irb  auf  240  SKillionen 
2)?arf  gefd^a^t,  nnb  beren  (gin=  unb  §lu^fuf)rf)anbel  betmg 
1903  bereit^  67  aWiltionen  mart  SSom  ©efamttDerte  be^ 
beutfd^en  Slu^enl^anbel^,  ber  1904  bie  getnaltige  ©umme 
t)on  12,2  9KiItiarben  9Karf  erreid^t  l^at,  entfallen  |  auf  ben 
©eel^anbeL 

3n  Stmerifa,  befonber^  in  Tlittth  unb  ©iibanterifa,  befifeen 
bie  ©eutfd^en  bebeutenbe  ^anbel^nieberlaffungen  mit  ^ttvaU 
tigen,  oft  ben  SBert  dieler  aKitlionen  befi^enben  SBarenlagem. 
3n  99?ittelanterifa,  SBeftinbien,  9Wejifo  unb  ben  Sctnbem  ber 
fiiblid^en  ©olbfiifte  f)aben  fid^  beutfd^e  ^lantagenbefifeungen  ju 
erf)eblidfter  SBid^tigfeit  entporgefd^tnungen.  Safe  ber  beutfd^e 
^anbel  in  §lnxerifa  aud^  mefir  unb  md)x  mit  bem  beutfd^en 
Capital  arbeitet,  betneifen  bie  in  iiingfter  ^eit  errid^teten  iiber^ 
feeifd^en  iBanfen.  Sbenfo  tDenben  fid^  bie  3)eutfd^en  in  ben 
amerifanifd^en  Sanbem  in  gunefimenbem  SJJafee  bem  53au  t)on 


beginners'   GERMAN  1 29 

(gifettbal^nen  ju*  S5tele  gabrifen  ftnb  tnit  beutfd^etn  Capital 
unb  bielfac^  fogar  tnit  beutfc^em  TOatertd  etngertcf) tet. 

2lu(^  Slfrifa  f)at  filr  ba^  ©eutfd^e  9?etd^,  unb  gtDar  nic^t  blo^ 
burc^  bie  ^olonten,  btc  c6  bortfelbft  beft^t,  grofeen  tt)irtf($aft== 
lichen  SBert.  3^  btefem  (grbteil  beftel^t  eine  grofeere  Slngal^I 
beutfc^er  i^attovtkn  unb  ®e[(^aft^f)aufer*  2)?it  beutfd^em 
Capital  [tnb  mel^rere  S3a{)nen  gebaut,  unb  tDieberum  fef)r  be* 
trcid^tlic^  tft  bie  Slnlage  beutfd^en  ^apitaB  in  htn  [iibafrifani^ 
fc^en  93?inen. 

-3n  Hfien  finben  fid^  beutfc^e  ^anbel^nieberlaf[ungen  Don 
Singapore  bi^  3BIabi)t)o[tof,  beutfd^e  gaftoreien  nnb  'ipian:^ 
tagen  auf  ©umatra  unb  anbern  ^nfeln.  ^n  ©d^angfiai  arbei:= 
tet  bie  S)eutf($:=2lfiatif(^e  53anf,  unb  bie  Heinafiatifci^en  S3af)nen 
finb  gum  grofeten  SEeile  ba^  SBerf  beutfc^er  ©eologen,  beutfc^er 
^ngenieure  unb  beutf(i^er  ^apitaliften^ 

yix(i)t  gering  finb  bie  beutfdfien  SBirtfc^aft^intereffen  [ogar  in 
Sluftralien  unb  ber  ©iibfee.  ?eben  bod^  in  Sluftralien  felbft, 
einfc^Iiefelic^  5neu^©eelanb,  iiber  100,000  ®eutf($e!  Sluc^  ba^ 
©libfeegebiet  fommt  fiir  un6  nic^t  blofe  infotDeit  in  ^etrad^t, 
al^  e^  gum  beutfd^en  ^olonialbereid^  gef)ort»  §luf  Xat)iti  [inb 
ebenfalte  gaftoreien  in  beutfc^em  33efi^,  unb  an  btn  ^i^dfer^^ 
plantagen  t)on  ^amaii  ift  beutfd^e^  .S'apital  mit  t)ielen  Wih 
lionen  Mart  beteiligt* 

SBeld^  riefenl^afte  @umme  beutfd^er  ^raft,  beutf c^en  ©eifte^, 
beutfc^en  ®elbe^  ift  ba  im  glufe!  ^aum  geringer  finb  bie 
93ilbung^beftrebungen  be^  beutfd^en  S3oIfe^  iiber  ©ee  gert)ad^= 
fen.  9ieben  ben  beutfd^en  ^aufleuten  arbeiten  beutfd^e  Sefirer, 
beutfc^e  gorfd^er,  beutfd^e  Offigiere  unb  beutfd^e  5D?iffionare  auf 
bem  gangen  (grbenrunb  am  gortfd^ritt  ber  9Wenfd^f)eit. 

SBie  h)unberbar  nun  aud^  ©eutfd^Ianb^  au^tDcirtiger  .^anbel 
getDad^fen,  toie  grofe  feine  Slu^manberung,  toie  iDid^tig  feine 
^otonien  tuerben  mogen:  bie  SBurjeIn  beutfd^er  ^raft  unb 


130  beginners'   GERMAN 

bcutfd^cr  ©rofec  liegen  Im  Sobcn  ber  bcutfd^cn  ^citnat.  9iur 
unablaffigc  Slrbeit  auf  j^cimatlid^er  ©d^oltc  f)at  ba^  bcutfd^c 
SBolf  toiebcrum  ju  9)?ad^t  unb  ©rofee  gcflil^rt;  nur  unablfifftger 
gortfd^ritt  auf  alien  ©cbietcn  bc^  (gblen  unb  ©uten,  Dor  alltm 
abcr  bic  opferfreubigc  ^ingabe  an  gilrft  unb  SBaterlanb  tDcrbcn 
c^  auci^  in  fiinftigen  S^^i^^  txuf  fciner  §6^c  erl^altcn. 

SI.  ^ciftbcd. 

SBelttDirtfd^aft  bebcutet  intcmationaler  §anbcL 
^reussUge  toaxm  gj pcbitioncn  jum  ^reujc,  ©rabc, 

!J)ie  gntbcdfung  ift  ba^fclbc  n)ic  Sluffinbung  (Sr^ 

finbung)» 
©etDiirjc  fieifet  auf  englifd^  spices,  groceries. 
Unterftii^en  l^eifet  l^clfcn  (cf.  English:  support). 
SSerbrctngen  bebeutet  forttreiben. 
®rauent)oIl  l^eifet  furd^tbar,  fd^redHid^* 
Siferfiid^tig  ift  mifegunftig,  neibifd^* 
25erl^ei6ung^t)o(t   l^eifet   t)oIl   t)on   SJerl^^ifeungcn, 

SScrfpred^ungen,  ©rtDartungen. 
2)ie  Siubufee  bebeutet  S3erluft  (ma^  berloren  ift)» 
gorfd^er  finb  2)?anner  ber  SBiffenfd^aft,  ©elel^rte. 
Unablaffig  l^eifet  anbauernb,  fortiDafirenb. 
!Die  ©d^otte  ift  ber  S3oben,  bie  @rbe, 
Opferfreubig  fein  l^eifet  freubig  (iDilten^)  fein,  Opfer 

gu  bringen;  fid^  l^ingeben;  alte^  tun  tDoHcn* 
SBarum  fagt  man:  Diele  9)?iIIionen  2Rarf? 
$Die  garben  ber  beutfd^en  ga{)ne  finb  fd^hjarj,  h)ei6, 

rot* 


SUPPLEMENTARY  READING 

(Lessons  36-41) 

5Priti5  aBili^elm  al^  fjrcunb  bcr  Kinber 

51B  ^aifcr  SBil^cIm  IL  noc^  aU  ^ring  in  ^ot^bam  Icbte, 

fc^ritt  cr  an  einem  Slbenb  furj  bor  SBciJ^nad^tcn  o{)ne  ^Segleitung 

burd^  bic  ©trafeen.    ®a  fal^  cr  t)or  bent  ©d^aufenfter  cine^ 

©pieln)aren8efd^aft^  gmei  ^naben  ftefien,  bic  mit  fcl^nfiici^tigcn 

iBIidcn  bic  bort  au^gclcgtcn  ^crrlid^fcitcn  bctrad^tctcn*    @r 

trat  f)ingn  unb  bclaufd^tc  cine  SBcilc  il^r  finblid^c^  ©cplaubcr^ 

J)ann  fragtc  cr  fie  mit  freunblid^cr  9Wicnc,  tt)a^  il^nen  benn  t)on 

all  ben  fd^onen  ©ingcn  am  bcftcn  gcficle.    Dcr  altcfte  bcr  bcibcn 

33riibcr,  bic  htn  ^rinjcn  nid^t  !anntcn,  anttDoxtett  rafc^:  ,,®ort 

ba^  ©d^iff,  §crr  ?cntnant,  c^  i[t  gar  ju  fd^on!"    „yiun  bcnn, 

S'nngcn/'  crmibcrtc  bcr  ^rinj,  „fo  roifet  il^r  ja,  ma^  i^r  cuc^  gu 

SBcil^nad^tcn  n)unfd^cn  fiinnt."    „®a^  gcl^t  nid^t,"  fagte  bcr 

^nabc  barauf  nnb  fd^autc  bcm  ^ringcn  mit  feinen  blaucn  Slugcn 

brcift  in^  ©cfid^t;  ,,unfer  25atcr  l^at  nid^t  fo  bid  ®clb,  bafe  cr 

un^  cttDa^  fo  ©d^onc^  faufcn  fann."    „yiun,  bann  tDilt  id^  cucr 

SBeii^nad^t^mann  fcin!"    9?ad^  bicfcn  SBortcn  trat  bcr  *iPrina  in 

ben  Saben,  fanftc  ba^  ©d^iff  unb  ilbcrrcid^tc  c6  btn  ^nabcn,  bie 

t)or  freubigem  ©d^redE  faum  cin  9Bort  bc^  S)anfc^  fanben.    Qn 

boltcm  Jrabe  ciltcn  fie  nad^  ^anfc  gu  ben  (Sltcrn,  bic  nid^t  tDcnifl 

erftaunten,  aB  fie  in  bcm  2abtn  crful^rcn,  mer  bcr  SBcil^nad^t^^ 

mann  il^rer  ^inber  gcn)cfcn  tvav. 

$!♦  ©nficllcn  unb  $.  Xtd^ntv. 


131 


132  beginners'   GERMAN 

2)ie  ficficn  @ta6e 

(gin  SSater  l^attc  fteben  ©ol^ne,  bie  ofter^  mttemanber  unein^ 
tDurben.  Uber  betn  3txtifen  unb  ©trcitcn  bcrfaumten  fie  bie 
%xbdt  -3a,  einige  bdfe  3)?enfd^en  l^atten  im  ©inne,  [id^  biefe 
Uneinigfeit  inmii^t  ju  madden,  um  bie  ©of)ne  nad^  bent  SEobe 
be^  33ater^  um  xi)v  grbteil  ju  bringen* 

3)a  liefe  ber  el^rrt)urbige  ®rei^  eine^  Jage^  die  fieben  ©of)ne 
jnfamnxenfomnten,  legte  if)nen  fieben  ^tixbt  t)or,  bie  feft  jn^^ 
famnxengebunben  tdavm,  unb  fagte:  „©enxienigen  don  eud^,  ber 
biefe^  ^iinbel  ©tcibe  ent^tDeibrid^t,  jal^Ie  id^  l^unbert  grofee 
Saler  bar.'' 

@iner  nad^  bent  anbern  ftrengte  alte  feine  ^rcifte  an,  unb 
leber  fagte  nad^  langem  t)ergebUd^en  SSemil^en:  „(g^  ift  gar 
nid)t  moglid^." 

„Unb  bod^/'  fagte  ber  S3ater,  ,,ift  nid^t^  leid^ter."  (gr  lofte 
ba^  SSiinbel  auf  unb  gerbrad^  einen  ©tab  nad^  bent  anbern  mit 
geringer  SKltfie.  „(gi/'  riefen  bie  ©ol^ne,  „fo  ift  e^  freilid^  leid^t, 
fo  fonnte  e^  ein  fleiner  ^nabe!'' 

3)er  25ater  aber  fprad):  „^k  e^  mit  ben  ©tciben  ift,  fo  ift  e^ 
mit  eud^,  meine  ©ol^ne.  ©olange  if)r  feft  jufammenl^altet, 
tDerbet  if)r  beftel^en,  unb  niemanb  tDirb  eud^  iibermaltigen  fdnnen. 
SBirb  aber  ba^  S3anb  ber  (Sintrad^t,  ba^  eud^  t)erbinben  folt, 
aufgeloft,  fo  gef)t  e^  eud^  toie  ben  ©tciben,  bie  f)ier  jerbrod^en 
auf  bem  53oben  um{)erUegen." 

©eltfanter  ©^^asicrritt 

(gin  5D?ann  reitet  tuf  feinem  (gfel  nad^  §au^  unb  lafet  feinen 
Suben  gu  gufe  nebenl^er  laufen.  ^ommt  ein  SBanberer  unb 
fagt:  ,,©a6  ift  nid^t  red^t,  S3ater,  ba^  ii)v  reitet  unb  la^t  euern 
©obn  laufen;  if)r  l^abt  ftarfere  &lkbtv."    S)a  ftieg  ber  S3ater 


SUPPLEMENTARY   READING  133 

Dom  @fel  f)erab  unb  liefe  ben  ©ol^n  rettcn.  ^omntt  inieber 
ein  SBanber^mann  unb  fagt:  „®a6  ift  ntc^t  red^t,  SSurfd^e,  bap 
bn  retteft  unb  Ictffeft  betnen  93ater  p  gufe  g^^^tx;  bu  l^aft  iiingere 
33eine»''  ®a  fafeen  beibe  auf  unb  ritten  eine  ©trede,  ^ommt 
ein  britter  SSanber^mann  unb  fagt:  ,,3Ba^  ift  ba^  fiir  ein  Un^ 
tierftanb,  jtDet  ^erle  auf  einem  fd^tDac^en  2:iere?  ©oltte  man 
nic^t  einen  ©tod  nel^men  unb  eu($  beibe  J^inabjagen?"  ®a 
ftiegen  beibe  ai  unb  gingen  felbbritt  gu  gufe,  re($t^  unb  linf^ 
ber  53ater  unb  ©ol^n  unb  in  ber  9Kitte  ber  gfeL  ^ommt  ein 
Dierter  SBanber^mann  unb  fagt:  „^^v  feib  brei  furiofe  ©efelten. 
3ft'6  nic^t  genug,  iDenn  jtDei  ju  gufe  ge!)en?  ®ef)t'^  ni($t 
leid^ter,  menu  einer  t)on  euc^  reitet?"  3)a  banb  ber  S5ater  bem 
(gfel  bie  borbem  Seine  sufantmen,  unb  ber  ©ol^n  banb  if)m  bie 
f)intern  S3eine  gufammen,  gogen  einen  ftarfen  S3aumpfaf)I  burd^, 
ber  an  ber  ©trafee  ftanb,  unb  trugen  ben  @fel  auf  ber  Sld^fel 
I)eim, 

©0  tDeit  fann^^  fommen,  tdtnn  man  e^  alien  Seuten  tdill 
red^t  madden. 

SSie  bie  SSafuttger  eine  Sa^e  fauften 

@in  SSirt  f)atte  Diel  5D?aufe  im  §aufe  unb  ^Ratten  unb  tDufete 
fid^  gar  nid^t  mti)x  gu  l^elfen.  ®amal^  gab  e^  aber  nod^  feine 
^afeen  in  SBafungen*  S)a  tDurbe  bem  SSirt  angeraten,  er  foHe 
nac^  2)?einingen  fa^ren  unb  eine  ^a^e  faufen,  fo  tDilrbe  er  ber 
"ipiage  balb  lo^  fein;  benn  biefe^  2^ier  t)ertilgte  bie  9>}(tufe*  ©a^ 
liefe  ber  W:arm  fid^  nid^t  jtDeimal  fagen,  fuf)r  mit  feinem  ^ned^t 
unb  faufte  eine  ^afee  um  ein  gute^  ©titdf  ©elb.  Sluf  bem 
^eimtDeg  fiel  if)m  bei,  bafe  er  bergeffen,  fid^  ju  erhinbigen,  tt)a^ 
bie  ^a^e  freffe;  benn  er  htha(iite,  bafe  fold^  ein  Jier  aud^  leben 
moKe,  trenn  e^  feine  2)?aufe  unb  3?atten  mef)r  gcibe,  fanbte  be^= 
l^alb  ben  ^ned^t  guriidf,  angufragen,  tda^  bie  ^afee  freffe,  unb 


134  BEGINNERS"^  GERMAN 

ful^r  cinfttDeilen  nad^  ^aufe*  2Ste  ber  ^ned^t  anfant,  fragte  ber 
v^perr  neugierig:  „9^un,  tvia^  frifet  bte  ^a^e?"  — „3lIIe^!"  iDar 
bie  SIntmort  ^.Sllte^?"  —  ,,3a,  alte^!''  mx  ber  iDieber^oIte 
iBefd^eib,  ,,@{,  bef)ut  un^  ®ott  bor  fo  einem  Jier!''  ©prad^'^ 
Htib  [d^idte  bie  ^a^e  augenbltdlid^  mieber  ^uriid* 

2)er  SBibctl^att 

J)er  fleine  ©eorg  tou^tt  nod^  nid^t^  bon  bent  SBiberl^alt* 
@inmal  fd^rte  er  auf  ber  SSiefe:  „§o,  l^opp!"  ©ogleid^  rief^ 
tm  nat)tn  SBalbd^en  aud^:  „^o,  l^opp!"  (gr  rief  fiierauf  Der- 
n)unbert:  „SBer  bift  bn?"  S)ie  ©timme  rief  aud^:  „3Ser  bift 
bu?"  @r  [d^rie:  „T)Vi  bift  ein  bummer  3^unge!"  unb  —  „bummer 
^unge!''  l^allte  e^  au^  bem  SBalbe  prildf*  -  ©eorg  toaxb  avQtv^ 
lid^  unb  rief  immer  (irgere  ©d^impfnamen  in  btn  SBalb  fiinein. 
§llte  l^allten  getreulid^  tDieber  gurildE,  @r  fud^te  l^ierauf  ben 
t)ermeinten  .^naben  im  ganjen  SBcilbd^en,  um  fid^  an  if)m  ju 
rcid^en,  fonnte  aber  niemanb  finben*  ^^ierauf  lief  er  nad^  §aufe 
unb  flagte  e^  ber  3)?utter,  tDie  ein  bofer  i8ube  fid^  im  SBalbe 
berftedft  unb  il^n  gefd^impft  l^abe.  3)ie  abutter  fprad^:  ,,J)ie^^ 
mal  l^aft  bu  bid^  felbft  angeflagt.  S)u  l^aft  nid^t^  t)emommen 
al^  ben  SSiberf)aIt  beiner  eignen  SBorte.  ^atteft  bu  ein  freunb^ 
lid^e^  SBort  in  btn  SBalb  l^ineingerufen,  fo  mSre  bir  aud&  ein 
freunblid^e^  guriidfgefommen*'' 

2)a^  aWittagcffen  im  ^ofc 

Tlan  flagt  l^aufig  bariiber,  tok  fd^loer  unb  unmoglid^  e^  fei, 
mit  mand^en  9Kenfd^en  au^jufommen*  ®a^  mag  benn  freilid^ 
aud^  tr)ai)v  fein.  ^'nbeffen  finb  biele  bon  fold^en  2)?enfd^en  nid^t 
fd^Iimm,  fonbem  nur  tDunberlid^,  unb  tDenn  man  fie  nur  im* 
mer  red^t  fennte,  inloenbig  unb  au^h)enbig,  unb  red^t  mit  ibnen 


SUPPLEMENTARY   READING  135 

umjugcl^en  njllfetc,  ntc  gu  cigenftnntg  unb  nic  gu  nad^gtcbtg,  fo 
iDare  mand^er  iDol^I  unb  leid^t  gur  iBeftnnung  gu  bringeti^  ©a^ 
tft  bod^  einem  S3ebicnten  tnit  fctnem  ^errn  gelungen,  S)em 
fonnte  cr  mand^mal  gar  ni($t^  red^t  madden  unb  mu^te  bielc^ 
entgelten,  iDoran  er  unfd^ulbtg  iDar,  n)ie  c^  oft  gef)t. 

©0  fam  einmal  ber  §err  fel^r  t)erbriefelid^  nad^  ^aufe  unb 
fefetc  fid^  gum  aWittageffen.  ®a  n)ar  bie  ©uppe  gu  l^eife  obcr 
gu  fait  ober  feine^  t)on  beiben;  aber  genug,  ber  §err  toax  t)er* 
briefeltd^*  (gr  fafetc  ba{)er  bic  ©d^ilffel  mit  bem,  toa^  barinnen 
n)ar,  unb  toav\  fie  burd^  ba6  offne  genfter  in  ben  §of  l^inab. 
SBa^  tat  l^ierauf  ber  S)iener?  ^urg  befonnen  toarf  er  ha^ 
gleifd^,  ba^  er  eben  auf  btn  Xi\^  ftellen  tDolIte,  mir  nid^t^  bir 
nid^t^,  ber  ©uppe  nad^  aud^  in  ben  ^of  l^inab,  bann  ba^  S3rot, 
bann  ben  SBein  unb  enblid^  ba^  2^ifd^tud^  mit  attem,  tt)a^  no(^ 
barauf  tDar* 

,,33ern)egener,  lt)a^  foil  ba^  fein?''  fragte  ber  ^err  unb  ful^r 
mit  brof)enbem  Sovn  t)on  bem  ©effel  auf*  5lber  ber  S5ebiente 
ertoiberte  gang  fait  unb  rul^ig:  ^SSergeil^en  ©ie  mir,  toenn  id^  3f)re 
aWeinung  nid^t  erraten  l^abe*  ^d^  glaubte  nid^t  anber^,  al^  ©ie 
toollten  l^eute  in  bem  ^ofe  fpeifen,  S)ie  Suft  ift  fo  l^eiter,  ber 
^immel  fo  blau,  unb  fel^en  ©ie  nur,  toie  lieblid^  ber  Slpfelbaum 
bliil^t,  unb  toie  frol^lid^  bie  S3ienen  il^ren  9}Jittag  l^alten!"  — 
©ie^mal  bie  ©uppe  l^inabgetoorfen  unb  nimmer!  ®er  §err 
erfannte  feinen  gel^ler,  l^eiterte  fid^  im  Slnblidf  be^  fd^onen  griil^' 
ling^fiimmel^  auf,  Icid^elte  l^eimlid^  iiber  ben  fd^nelten  (Sinfall 
feine^  2lufrt)(irter^  unb  banfte  il^m  im  Bergen  fiir  bie  gute  Sel^re. 

3tt)ei  niiffett  e^ 

@in  ^anbtoerf^burfd^e  fanb  einen  iBeutel  mit  ®elb»  ©ogleid^ 
llbergab  er  il)n  ber  Obrigfeit  ber  ncid^ften  ©tabt,  bamit  fie  ben 
©igentiimer  ermittle.    S)a  fagte  fein  ^amerab  gu  il^m:  „^a9 


136  beginners'   GERMAN 

fiir  eiti  2:or  btft  bu!  ^citteft  bu  ba^  ©elb  ntd^t  bel^alten  fon^ 
nen?  28er  iDufete  e^  benn,  ha\^  bu  e^  gefunben  l^atteft?''  ®er 
^anbtDerf^burfd^e  gab  jur  §lnth)ort:  „0,  rebe  tnir  nic^t  alfo! 
(S^  iDufeten  gh)et  barum:  mein  ©ott,  ben  i^  filrd^te,  unb  mein 
®ert)iffen,  ba^  mtd^  ric^tct." 

^er  aSafunger  Stabtgalgcn 

Oberl^alb  SBafungen  im  Jfiuringerlanbe  [tanb  auf  etnent 
^iigel  feitoart^  ber  Sanbftrafee  em  alter  ©algen,  ber  gel^orte  ber 
©tabt  etgentlimlid^*  9lun  iDurbe  einmal  ein  frember  3)teb 
eingebrad^t  unb  follte  an  ben  SBafunger  ©tabtgalgen  ge{)enft 
njerben*  3)a  traten  aber  bte  SBafunger  $Rat^f)erren  bagegen 
auf  unb  fprad^en:  ,,2Btr  l^aben  l^ier  einen  ©algen  fiir  un^, 
unfre  ^inber  unb  ^inbe^finber  unb  braud^en  feine  fremben 
amten  ©iinber  bran!"  Sitten  alfo  nid^t,  bafe  jener  ©ieb  baran 
gel^enft  iDurbe*  Unb  ba  fie  nun  ntd^t  iDufeten,  tDa^  fie  mit  if)m 
anfangen  follten,  gaben  fie  il^m  ein  ©tiid  ®elb  unb  fagten  il^m, 
er  folk  fid^  feiner  SSege  padfen  unb  fid^  l^enfen  laffen,  tt)o  er  8uft 
i^abe* 

SBanbtetg  JRa^tUeb 

tiber  alien  ©ipfein 

Sft  9Ju^, 

3n  alien  SSipfeln 

©piireft  bu 

^aum  einen  ^aud^; 

S)ie  S3ogeIein  fd^tDeigen  im  SBalbe* 

iffiarte  nur,  balbe 

dlvif)t\t  bu  aud^* 

®octH 


SUPPLEMENTARY   READING  I37 

2)er  froi^e  aBattbcrj^mann 

1.  SBem  ®ott  tDiH  red^te  ©utift  ertDcifen, 
®en  fd^idt  er  in  bie  tt)eite  SBelt, 
S)em  tDitl  er  [cine  SSunber  tDcifen 

3fn  JBerg  unb  SBalb  unb  ©trom  unb  gclb^ 

2.  35te  iBad^Iem  Don  ben  iBergen  fpringen, 
©ie  gerd^en  [c^toirren  l^od^  Dor  Suft: 
SBa^  foltt^  td^  nid^t  mtt  il^nen  ftngen 
STn^  botler  ^e^F  unb  frifc^er  Sruft? 

3.  J)en  lieben  ©ott  laff  id)  nur  toalten; 
S)er  Sad^Iein,  gerd^en,  SBalb  unb  gelb 
Unb  @rb^  unb  ^immel  tr)iH  erl^alten, 
^at  aud^  mein  ©ad^'  auf^  beft'  be[tetlt! 

3ot.  t)on  (Sic^cnborff. 


REPRODUCTIONS 

Lesson  27 

When  school  was  out,  it  was  dark,  and  black  clouds  were 
in  the  sky.  As  the  scholars  came  out  into  the  street,  it  be- 
gan to  rain,  at  first  only  a  few  drops,  then  more  and  more. 
All  of  a  sudden,  very  heavy  drops  fell  upon  the  scholars 
who  were  running  to  seek  a  place  where  they  could  find 
shelter.  But  in  a  short  time,  the  rain  ceased  and  the  bright 
sun  came  through  the  clouds.  It  had  been  only  a  sudden 
heavy  shower. 

Lesson  29 

A  nobleman,  who  owned  a  beautiful  garden,  was  taking  a 
walk  one  day  in  his  park.  As  he  was  walking  around,  he 
saw  his  gardener,  who  was  sleeping  in  the  shade  of  a  tree. 
The  latter  had  not  expected  his  master,  as  the  weather  was 
very  warm.  When  the  nobleman  found  his  servant  rest- 
ing instead  of  working,  he  became  very  angry,  and  called 
the  man  a  rogue,  not  fit  for  the  sun  to  shine  upon.  But 
the  gardener  calmly  replied:  **That  is  the  reason  why  I  am 
lying  in  the  shade."    So  the  master  forgot  his  anger. 

Lesson  31 

Two  maids  were  going  to  a  large  town  with  heavy  baskets 
of  fruit  which  they  carried  on  their  heads.  One  of  them 
was  grumbling,  all  the  time,  while  the  other  joked  about 
her  work.  Soon  the  first  maid  said  to  the  second:  ^'How  is 
it  that  you  can  laugh  when  you  are  carrying  just  as  heavy 

138 


REPRODUCTIONS  1 39 

a  basket  as  I  am  carrying?  Are  you  stronger  than  I?'' 
'^No/'  answered  the  second  girl,  ^^my  basket  is  not  lighter 
than  yours  and  I  am  not  stronger  than  you,  but  I  do  not 
feel  my  heavy  load  because  I  have  a  precious  herb  with 
me  that  makes  my  burden  lighter.  This  precious  herb  is 
patience/' 

Lesson  32 

The  industrious  farmer  tills  the  soil  for  us  and  plants 
large  and  small  grains  of  corn.  The  corn  grows  by  and  by 
into  high  stalks  with  many  ears  of  corn.  The  miller  makes 
fine  flour  out  of  the  corn,  and  the  baker  bakes  bread  from 
it.    Everybody  is  fond  of  good  bread. 

Lesson  33 

The  first  German  Emperor  in  the  new  empire  was  Wil- 
liam I,  who  reached  the  ripe  old  age  of  almost  ninety-one 
years.  When  he  died  in  1888,  his  sick  son  ascended  the 
throne.  The  second  German  Emperor  was  called  Fred- 
erick III  and  was  a  favorite  with  the  German  people.  But 
he  died  after  he  had  been  Emperor  for  only  ninety-nine 
days.  The  third  German  Emperor  is  the  present  ruler  of 
the  Fatherland.-  William  II  was  born  in  1859.  His  wife 
is  Auguste  Victoria,  and  they  have  seven  children,  six 
princes  and  one  princess.  The  oldest  son  has  the  title  of 
crown-prince. 

Lesson  34 

The  new  German  Empire  has  been  in  existence  since  the 
Franco-Prussian  war  —  since  187 1.  The  United  States  is 
considerably  larger  than  the  German  Empire  but  has  a 
population  only  one  third  greater  than  that  of  Germany. 
The  King  of  Prussia  —  Prussia  is  the  largest  kingdom  —  is 


I40  BEGINNERS     GERMAN 

hereditary  German  Emperor.  In  case  of  an  attack,  he  has 
the  right  of  declaring  war,  and  is  the  sole  representative  of 
the  Empire  in  negotiations  with  foreign  powers.  The  Em- 
peror is  commander-in-chief  of  the  army  and  navy.  How- 
ever, he  has  not  the  veto-power. 

Among  the  twenty-six  states  there  are  four  kingdoms: 
Prussia,  Bavaria,  Saxony,  and  Wlirttemberg.  All  the 
states  send  plenipotentiaries  to  the  Federal  Council,  which 
convenes  in  Berlin,  the  capital  of  Prussia  and  of  the  German 
Empire.  The  German  citizens  elect  their  own  representa- 
tives to  Parliament.  The  Emperor,  the  Federal  Council, 
and  Parliament  make  laws  and  determine  the  budget  for 
the  Empire. 

Besides  Berlin,  the  largest  and  most  important  cities  are 
Hamburg,  Munich,  Leipzig,  and  Dresden. 

Lesson  37 

A  rich  merchant  whose  dog  was  very  watchful  had  been 
riding  one  day  to  market,  where  he  had  made  a  good  deaJ 
of  money.  On  his  way  home  he  lost  his  money-bag  with- 
out noticing  it.  The  faithful  dog,  who  had  seen  the  money 
fall,  began  to  bark  so  loud  that  his  master  beat  him.  The 
dog,  however,  did  not  stop  but  kept  on  barking.  The 
merchant  then  shot  his  dog,  because  he  thought  the  animal 
had  gone  mad.  After  a  while  he  discovered  the  loss  of  his 
money  and  rode  back  to  find  it.  At  the  very  place  where 
his  money  had  dropped,  his  faithful  dog  lay  dead. 

Lesson  38 

A  dog  which  had  stolen  a  large  piece  of  meat  was  crossing 
a  small  river  on  a  narrow  plank.    When  he  saw  his  own 


REPRODUCTIONS  I4I 

picture  in  the  clear  water,  he  dropped  the  meat,  for  he 
thought  that  he  had  seen  another  dog  with  a  piece  of  meat. 
So  in  the  end  he  had  nothing  at  all,  because  he  had  been 
too  greedy. 

Lesson  39 

New  York,  April  19,  191 2. 

Dear  Sir: 

Your  letter  of  the  i6th  inst.  reached  me  yesterday.  If 
you  could  come  to  see  me  Saturday  next,  I  should  be  very 
much  obliged  to  you.  We  could  then  talk  matters  over  at 
our  leisure. 

Hoping  to  hear  from  you  soon,  I  remain,  with  kindest 
regards, 

Yours  very  sincerely, 

Lester  Jones. 

Lesson  40 

Schools  are  either  private  or  public  institutions.  The 
cities  have  the  public  schools  built.  The  purpose  of  all  the 
schools,  of  course,  is  to  educate  the  youth  of  the  land  in 
those  matters  which  all  children  must  know  so  as  to  be- 
come useful  citizens.  Those  children  who  do  not  care  to 
attend  a  public  school  may  go  to  private  institutions. 
Everybody,  however,  has  to  attend  school  between  the  ages 
of  six  and  fourteen  years.  After  that,  children  may  leave 
school  and  go  to  work. 

Lesson  41 

One  day  a  man  was  traveling  on  foot  on  a  highway. 
Toward  evening  he  was  overtaken  by  a  coachman,  who 
seemed  to  be  in  a  great  hurry,  as  he  was  beating  his  horses 


142  BEGINNERS     GERMAN 

fiercely.  The  wanderer  felt  sorry  for  the  animals  and 
asked  the  driver  why  he  was  hurrying  so.  The  latter  said 
he  wanted  to  reach  the  town  before  nightfall.  Shortly 
afterwards  the  man  overtook  a  wagon  lying  by  the  road- 
side, and  knew  that  it  belonged  to  the  driver  whom  he 
had  seen  a  short  time  before.  It  is  worth  while  to  make 
haste  slowly. 

Lesson  42 

A  man  who  had  three  friends  was  summoned  to  court. 
He  asked  his  friends  to  go  with  him  to  be  his  witnesses. 
His  two  very  best  friends,  however,  forsook  him  in  the  hour 
of  need  and  did  not  appear  before  the  judge.  The  third 
friend,  towards  whom  he  had  felt  indifferent,  was  the  only 
one  who  gladly  rendered  testimony  in  his  behalf. 

Who  are  the  three  friends  of  man? 

Are  they  not  money,  friends,  and  good  deeds? 

By  what  friends  is  everyone  forsaken  after  death? 

Who  alone  finds  mercy  before  God? 


GRAMMATICAL   TABLES 

L     Declension  of  the  Definite  Article: 
3)er-words. 

II.     Declension  of  the  Indefinite  Article: 
@in-words. 

III.  Declension  of  the  Personal  Pronouns. 

IV.  Declension  of  the  Interrogative  Pronouns. 
V.     Declension  of  the  Relative  Pronouns. 

VI.     Declension  of  Nouns: 

A,  Weak. 

B,  Strong. 

C,  Mixed. 

VII.     Declension  of  Adjectives: 

A,  Strong. 

B.  Weak  (and  Mixed). 

VIII.  Comparison  of  Adjectives  and  Adverbs. 

IX.  Numerals. 

X.  Prepositions. 

XI.  Conjunctions. 

XII.  Conjugation   of  Auxiliaries  of  Tense:   l^abctl,  fein, 
tnerben. 

XIII.  Conjugation  of  Modal  Auxiliaries. 

XIV.  Conjugation  of  Weak  Verbs:  Active  and  Passive. 
XV.  Conjugation  of  Reflexive  Verbs. 

XVI.     Irregular  Weak  Verbs. 

XVII.     Compound  Verbs:  Inseparable,  Separable  (Varia- 
ble). 
XVIII.     Conjugation  of  Strong  Verbs  and  List  of  Strong 
Verbs. 

143 


144  beginners'   GERMAN 

I.    Declension  of  the  Definite  Article. 

Singular 


Plural 


MASCULINE 

FEMININE 

NEUTER 

Norn, 

ber 

bic 

ba^ 

bie 

Gen. 

be^ 

ber 

be^ 

ber 

DaL 

bem 

ber 

bent 

ben 

Ace. 

ben 

bie 

ba^ 

bie 

®er-woRDs 

Like  ber,  bie,  ia§  are  declined: 

biefer,  biefe,  bief e^^;  fold^er,  fold^e,  fold^e^;     mand^er,  mand^e,  manci^e^; 
iener,  jene,  jeue^;    tDeld^er,  meld^e,  meld^e^;  jeber,  jebe,  jebe^ 

(Plural:  alle). 

II.    Declension  of  the  Indefinite  Article. 


Singular 

Plurai^ 

MASCULINE 

FEMININE 

NEUTER 

Nom.     eitt 

eine 

ein 

(eintge) 

Gen.      eine^ 

einer 

eine^ 

(einiger) 

DaL      einem 

einer 

einem 

(einigen) 

Ace.      einen 

eine 

ein 

(einige) 

@tn-WORDS 

Like  ettl,  eine,  ein  are  declined: 


fein,  feine,  fein 


mem,  meme,  mem 
bein,  beine,  bein 

(fein,  feine,  feln 
tf)r,  tf)re,  if)r 
fein,  feine,  fein 


unfer,  unf(e)re,  unfer 
euer,  eure,  ener 
if)r,  tf)re,  i^r 
mx,  3^re,  3^r) 


GRAMMATICAL   TABLES 


145 


III.    Declension  of  the  Personal  Pronouns. 

Singular 
ist   Person      2d  Person  3d  Person 

MASCULINE     FEMININE    NEUTER 


Nom. 

ic^ 

bu 

er 

fie        c§ 

Gen, 

meiner 

beiner 

feiner 

tl)rer     feiner 

Dat. 

mir 

bir 

tf)Tn 

tf)r        tfim 

Ace, 

mid^ 

Plural 

x^n 

fie        e8 

ist  Person 

2d  Person 

3d  Person 

Nom 

tnir 

i^r 

fie 

(@te) 

Gen, 

unfer 

euer 

ifirer 

mxtt) 

Dat. 

wn^ 

t\x6) 

if)nen 

mntn) 

Ace, 

un^ 

eud^ 

fie 

(®te) 

IV.    Declension  of  the  Interrogative  Pronouns. 


ma^ 


Nom, 

\dtx 

Gen, 

tDeffen 

Dat, 

tDem 

Ace, 

iDen 

tDa^ 


V.    Declension  of  the  Relative  Pronouns. 


MASCULINE 


N.  ber,  meld^er 

G,  beffcn 

D.  bent,  tt)el(^em 

A.  ben,  tnetd^en 


Singular 

FEMININE  NEUTER 

bie,  n)eld^e  ba^,  tneld^e^ 

beren  beffen 

ber,  tDeld&er  bent,  meld^em 

bte,  tDeld^e  ba6,  meld^e^ 


Plural 

bie,  n)eld^e 
beren 

benen,  tneld^en 
bie,  tDeld^e 


146 


BEGINNERS     GERMAN 


VI.    Declension  of  Nouns.  ^ 

A,  WEAK:  the  -n  declension.      (iVo  Umlaut  in  Plural.) 
Singular 

bet  ^nabc,  bcr  9Kenfd& 

bcm  Snaben,  bcm  9JJcnfd^cn 
ben  ^naben,  ben  2Kcnfci^cn 


bic  ^naben,  btc  2)?enfd^cn 
ber  ^naben,  ber  9}Zen[c^en 
ben  ^naben,  ben  2Wenfd§en 
bie  ^naben,  bie  SDtenfd^en 


Nom, 

bie  gran,  bie  Sefirerin 

Gen, 

ber  grau,  ber  Se^rerin 

Dat, 

ber  gran,  ber  ?ef)rerin 

Ace. 

bie  %xau,  bie  Se{)rerin 

P/wm; 

Nom, 

bie  granett,  bie  ?ef)rerinnen 

Gen, 

ber  granen,  ber  ?e^rerinnen 

Dat, 

ben  granen,  ben  ?e{)rerinnen 

Ace. 

bie  granen,  bie  Se{)rerinnen 

B.    STRONG 

First  Class:  the  No-ending  class. 
Singular 


Nom, 

ber  SBatcr,  bcr  SBogel 

bie  ay^utter,  bie  2:od^ter 

U^  9D?ab(ftcn 

Gen, 

bc«  33ater^,  bc^  S3ogcI§ 

ber  9}^ntter,  ber  .totter 

beg  SJJabd^en)^ 

Dat. 

bem  3Satcr,  bem  53ogeI 

ber  ajiutter,  ber  2:o(^ter 

bem  gjJabd^en 

Ace. 

ben  53ater,  ben  5Sogel 

bie  aJJutter,  bie  2:od^ter 
Plural 

bag  DJ^abc^en 

Nom. 

bic  IBatcr,  bie  ^So^el 

bie  muiitx,  bie  2;d*ter 

bie  9}?fibd6en 

Gen. 

ber  Skater,  ber  SSogel 

ber  abutter,  ber  %o^itx 

ber  SDlabc^en 

Dat. 

ben  S3atern,  htn  SBogeln 

ben  9)iiittern,  ben  ^od^tern 

ben  ajJabd^en 

Ace. 

bie  5$ater,  bie  3SoseI 

bie  SD^iitter,  bie  ^iic^ter 

bie  imabd^en 

Second  Class:  the  -c  class. 

Singular 

Nom,    bet  3«^tx,  ber  2:ag  bie  §anb  ba^  Sal^r 

Ge/j.      be^  B^J^ne^,  be^  Jagei^  ber  §anb  be^  ^cA}Xt^ 

Dat,      bem  S(^f)^(0.  i>^^  2:a9(e)        ber  §anb  bem  3of)^(0 

Ace,      ben  3^f)n,  ben  Jag  bie  §anb  ba^  3af)r 

1  Nouns  are  to  be  found  in  the  vocabulary. 


GRAMMATICAL   TABLES  147 

Plural 

Norn,  bie  ^cAjXit,  bie  Xa^t  bic  ©finbc  bic  3af)re 

Gew.  ber  S>^i)nt,  ber  Sage  bcr  ^anbe  ber  ^al^re 

Dat.  ben  3tif)ncn,  ben  ^^agcti  htn  ^anben  ben  3a{)rcn 

Ace.  bie  S>'&^m,  bie  Jage  bie  ^anbe  bie  3af)re 

Third  Class:  the  -er  class  {always  Umlaut  in  Plural). 
Singular 


Norn, 

ba^  S3ud^ 

ber  ayjann 

Gen, 

be^  93ud&e^ 

be^  aWannc^ 

Dat. 

bem  93u(^(e) 

bem  9Kann(e) 

Ace. 

ba^  $iVid) 

Plural 

ben  ajJann 

Norn. 

bie  S3ud&er 

bie  ayjanner 

Gen. 

ber  Siid^er 

ber  aWanner 

Dat. 

ben  Sild^em 

ben  aWannem 

Ace. 

bie  Slicker 

bie  aWiinner 

C.  MIXED  DECLENSION 

Singular 

Norn,  ber  ®taat  ba^  Singe,  ba^  O^r 

Gen.  be^  ©taate^  be^  Slngej^,  be6  O^re^ 

Da/.  bem  ®taat(e)  bem  Singe,  bem  Ol)r(e) 

^cc.  ben  ©taat  ba^  Singe,  ba^  0()r 


Norn. 

bie  ©taaten 

bie  Slngen,  bie  Ofireit 

Gen. 

ber  ©taaten 

ber  Slngen,  ber  £)l)vtn 

Dat. 

ben  ©taaten 

ben  Slngen,  htn  Ol^ren 

Ace. 

bie  ©taaten 

bie  Slngen,  bie  Oliren 

I4« 


BEGINNERS'    GERMAN 


VII.    Declension  of  Adjectives. 

A.   STRONG  (like  the  definite  article). 


Singular 

Nom. 

licber  SSater 

liebe  %xavi 

liebe^  tinb 

Gen. 

Itcbc^  (-en)  SSater^     licbcr  %xciVi 

Iieben  (-en)  ^inbe^ 

DaL 

liebetn  SSater 

lieber  grau 

liebem  ^inb(e) 

Ace, 

Iieben  SSater 

liebe  grau 
Plural 

Iieben  Sinb 

Nom. 

liebe  SSiiter  * 

liebe  grauen 

liebe  ^inber 

Gen. 

lieber  3Sater 

lieber  grauen 

lieber  ^inber 

Dat. 

Iieben  3Sdtem 

Iieben  grauen 

Iieben  ^inbem 

Ace. 

liebe  3$ater 

liebe  grauen 

liebe  ^inber 

B. 

WEAK  (and  MIXED) 
Singular 

Nom. 

ber  Itcbc  5?atcr 

bie  liebe  grau 

ha^  liebe  ^inb 

cin  liebcr  5Sater 

eine  liebe  grau 

ein  liebe^  tinb 

Gen. 

beg  Iieben  5Sater6 

ber  Iieben  grau 

beg  Iieben  ^inbeg 

etneg  Iieben  5Sater0 

einer  Iieben  grau 

cineg  Iieben  ^inbeg 

Dat. 

bem  Iieben  55atcr 

ber  Iieben  grau 

bem  Iieben  ^inb(e) 

einem  Iieben  5Satcr 

einer  Iieben  grau 

einem  Iieben  ^inb(e) 

Ace. 

ben  Iieben  53ater 

bie  liebe  grau 

t>a^  liebe  ^inb 

einen  Iieben  5Sater 

eine  liebe  grau 
Plural 

ein  liebe)^  f  inb 

Nom. 

.....        f  3Sater 
bie   Iieben    J  ^ 

Gen. 

....       f  55ater 
ber   Iicben  J  ^ 

Dat. 

ben    heben 
(f""'">          1  linbem 

Ace. 

^.     ,.  ,        r  ^ater 
bie   Iieben       «- 

GRAMMATICAL   TABLES 


149 


Like  bcr  licfic  2?ater,  etc.,  are  declined: 

berjemge         biejienige         ba^iemge  bicicnigen 

berfelbe  biefclbc  ba^felbe  bie[elben 

berTnein(iQ)c  biemcin(i9)e  ba^mcin(ig)e       bie  Tnciti(ig)cn,  etc. 

VIII.    Comparison  of  Adjectives  and  Adverbs. 


Adjective 


Adverb 


POSI- 
TIVE 

COMPARA- 
TIVE 

SUPERLATIVE 

POSI- 
TIVE 

COMPARA- 
TIVE 

SUPERLATIVE 

reid^ 

reic^er 

ber  reid^ftc 

reid^ 

reid^er 

am  reid^ften 

arm 

armcr 

ber  armftc 

arm 

armer 

am  armften 

fait 

falter 

ber  fdttefte 

fait 

falter 

am  fatteften 

Jura 

fiirger 

ber  fiiraefte 

furj 

filr^er 

am  fiir^eften 

fiut 

bcffer 

ber  befte 

gut 

beffer 

am  beften 

Diet 

(mc^r) 

ber  mei[te 

Diet 

mel^r 

am  meiften 

Adjectives  in  the  comparative  or  superlative  are  declined  in  the  same 
manner  as  adjectives  in  the  positive  degree. 

For  the  English  predicate  superlative  without  thCf  German  uses  the 
tttn-form. 


IX.    Numerals. 

: 

Cardinals 

I  ein^ 

II  elf 

30  breiftig 

2  3h3ei 

12    StDOlf 

40  t)ieratg 

3  brel 

13  breigef)n 

50  Wstg 

4  t)ier 

14  tjter^elin 

60  fed^aig 

5  ftof 

IS  fiinfselitt 

70  \khm 

6  fed^^ 

16  fe(^sel)n 

80  ad^tstg 

7  fieben 

17  fieiis^f)n 

90  neungig 

8  ad^t 

18  ac^tsel)n 

100  f)unbert 

9  neun 

19  neun^el^n 

999  neun^unbert  neunuubneunaig 

0  3el)n 

20  gmanaig 

1000  taufenb 

ISO 


beginners'   GERMAN 


Ordinals 


ist,  bcr  crfte 

nth,  bcr  clftc 

2d,    bcr  gmcitc 

19th,  bcr  ncunscl^nte 

3d,    bcr  brittc 

20th,  bcr  gman^igfte 

4th,  bcr  dicrte 

2ist,  bcr  cinunbatDansigfte 

5th,  bcr  fiinfte 

30th,  bcr  brcifetgfte 

6th,  bcr  fcc^fte 

40th,  bcr  t)icr^igfte 

7th,  bcr  ficb(cn)tc 

looth,  bcr  l^unbcrtfte 

8th,  bcr  ad^tc 

loist,    bcr  f)unbcrtcrftc 

9th,  bcr  ncuntc 

200th,  bcr  3tt)cif)unbcrtftc 

loth,  bcr  sc{)nte 

loooth,  bcr  taufcnbftc 

X.    Prepositions. 

WITH  THE                WITH   THE 

WITH  DATIVE                    WITH  THE 

DATIVE                 ACCUSATIVE 

OR  ACCUSATIVE                   GENITIVE 

mit                burd^ 

an                     h)df)rcnb 

m^               filr 

auf                   mcgcn 

bet                 ol^ne 

f)intcr               trofe 

Don                ficgcti 

ncbcti                (an)[tatt 

gu                 urn 

in 

avL% 

ilbcr 

fett 

untcr 

aufeer 

t)or 

gmifd^cn 

E.g.    3d^  ftcl^e  an  bent  gcnftcr,  abcr  id^  gcl^c  an  ba^  %tn\itx. 


XI.    Conjunctions. 


unb 
ober 


Coordinating 

abcr  fonbem 

bcnn  (allcin) 


E.g. 


SBir  licfcn  auf  bie  ©trafec,  bcnn  unfcr  ?cf)rcr  \)aiit  c6  be^ 
fo{)fcn. 


GRAMMATICAL   TABLES  151 

The  other  conjunctions  are  subordinating 
E.g.    SBir  licfcn  auf  bic  ©trafec,  tocit  utifcr  ?cf)rcr  c^  befol^Icn 

Cf.   SBir  liefcn  auf  bic  ©trafec,  bie  noc^  gans  nag  \owc. 
Subordinating 


a(^ 

bag 

ob 

n)at)renb 

(bct)or)  cf)C 

fo  ba6 

ate  ob 

tDeil 

m 

inbcm 

obglcid^,  obtoof)! 

tDcnn 

ba 

nad^bcnt 

feit,  fcitbcm 

tDenngleic^ 

bamit 

fobalb  ate 

tt)ic 

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GRAMMATICAL  TABLES 


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XVI.    Irregular  Weak  Verbs. 

INFINITIVE 

PRETERIT 

PAST  PARTiaPLE 

brcnnen 

branntc 

gcbrannt 

rennen 

rannte 

ift  gerannt 

lennen 

fanntc 

gefannt 

nennen 

nanntc 

getiannt 

fenben 

fanbtc 

gefanbt 

toenbcn 

tDanbte 

getoanbt 

bringen 

brad^tc 

gcbrad^t 

betifen 

bad^tc 

gebac^t 

tt)iffcn  {x(S)  tDcig) 

mu^tc 

gctDufet 

i^o/e;   lennen  (Sic  ben  altcn  3)?ann? 

S^cln,  id^  ferine  i{)n  nlc|t,  aber  id^  toeife,  too  er  too^nt* 


XVII.    Compound  Verbs. 

I.  Inseparable 

Verbs  compounded  with  one  of  the  six  wwaccented  prefixes: 

be-         cut-         er- 
ge-         t)er-         ser- 

are  conjugated  like  the  simple  verbs.      But  the  past  participle 

is  without  the  augment  ge-» 
Cf.  Verbs  in  -icrcn  (tnarfd^iercn,  marfd^iertc,  matfd^iert)^ 
Note:   ent-  becomes  cmp-  in:  cmpfangcn,  cmpfcl^Icn,  empfinben. 

II.  Separable 

The  prefix  is  a  part  of  speech  and  is  accented. 

Present  —  x&j  mad^e  bie  2:ilr  p. 
Preterit  —  bu  mad^teft  bic  2^ilr  gu^ 
Future  —  cr  tDtrb  bie  Xvlx  jumad^etu 


GRAMMATICAL   TABLES  1 67 

Perfect  —  mir  f)a6cn  bic  2:iircti  gugcmad^t^ 
Pluperfect  —  tf)r  f)attct  bie  2^ilren  gugemad^t^ 
Perf.  Cond.  —  fie  Mrbeti  bie  Xiiren  gugemad^t  f)ahtru 
Note:   211^  id^  bte  Jilr  jumacl^te,  ging  cr  fort» 

III.    Varlvble 

The  particles: 

imtti,  nbtt,  unter, 
um  unb  tuieber 

are  either  separable,  accented,  or  inseparable,  unaccented. 

E.g. 

separable  inseparable 

ilber[efeen  ]  ^       ^  liberfefeen  K    ^ 

f  fet      6     i       ^^    ^^^^  ii&    f  fef    i       translate 

iiberVfeJt  J  ^^'*^''^  ^'^^^^^      ilberfefet'  J  C^^^^^^^*^^  ^^^^^g) 


1 68  beginners'   GERMAN 


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List  of  Strong  Verbs 


Infinitive 

Prkterit 

Past  Participle 

barfeti,  bake  (biicft) 

buf,  hadk 

gcbadfen 

befcWen,  command  (bcficl^It) 

befall 

befof)lcn 

htqinntn,  begin 

begann 

begonnen 

beiften,  bite 

bl6 

gebiffen 

hitqtn,  bend 

bog 

gebogen 

hitttn,  offer 

bot 

geboten 

binbcn,  bind 

banb 

gebunben 

bitten,  beg 

hat 

gebeten 

blofcn,  blow  (blcift) 

blieg 

geblafen 

bleiben,  remain 

blieb 

tft  gebliebcn 

bratcn,  roast  (briit) 

brict 

gebratcn 

brcd^cn,  break  (brid^t) 

brad^ 

gebrod^en 

bringcn,  press 

brang 

tft  gebruttgen 

emiJfc^'Icn,  recommend  (cmp* 

ftcf)It) 

entpfal^l 

empfoWen 

crfc^rcdfcn,  become  frightened 

(crfc^ricft) 

erfd^raf 

tft  erfd^rorfen 

cffcn,  eat  (igt) 

a6 

gcgcffcn 

foftrcn,  drive  (faf)rt) 

Mr 

ift  gefaf)ren 

fatten,  fall  (fallt) 

fiel 

ift  gefaUen 

fangen,  catch  (fangt) 

fing 

gefangcn 

fe«ten,  fight  (fid^t) 

mt 

gefod^ten 

finben,  find 

fanb 

gcfunbcn 

Piemen,  fly 

P09 

ift  geflogen 

fiteften,  flee 

m 

tft  gcf(oJen 

fiteften,  flow 

m 

ift  gefloffen 

freffcn,  eat  (of  animals)  (frtfet) 

fra6 

gcfrcffen 

frieren,  freeze 

fror 

gefroren 

gebdren,  give  birth  to  (geblcrt) 

gcbar 

geboren 

gebcn,  give  (gtbt) 

gab 

gegeben 

getien,  go 

fitng 

tft  gegangcn 

geUngen,  succeed  (e6  gellnfit  mir) 

ei^  gelang 

t^  ift  gelungen 

geltcn,  be  worth  (gilt) 

gait 

gegolten 

gencfen,  recover 

genaS 

ift  genefen 

geniefeen,  enjoy 

genog 

genoffen 

gcfdje^en,  happen  (^t\d)it^t) 

gefd^a^ 

ift  gefd^e!)cn 

getoinnen,  gain 

gemann 

getDonncn 

giegen,  pour 

m 

gegoffeu 

GRAMMATICAL   TABLES 


171 


Infinitive 

Preterit 

Past  Participle 

gtetc^en,  resemble 

glid^ 

gcgli(^cn 

qltittn,  glide 

filitt 

ift  geglittcn 

grabcn,  dig  (griibt) 

grub 

gcgrabcn 

grcifen,  seize 

fitiff 

gegriffcn 

fatten,  hold  (^alt) 

^tclt 

gcl^atten 

ftangcn,  hang  (intrans.)  (^iingt) 

5lng  (m^f .  a»</  tr.)  Qe()angen  (f»/r.  fl»<^  /rj 

liauctl,  hew,  strike 

\)kh 

gcf)aucn 

fithtn,  hft 

m  (^ub) 

gel^oben 

tftx^tn,  call,  be  called 

6ie6 

gc^cifeen 

icifcR,  help  mn) 

6alf 

gc^olfcn 

fUngcti,  sound 

flang 

gcftungen 

fommcn,  come 

fam 

ift  gefommcn 

friecftcn,  creep 

fvoii) 

ift  gefroc^en 

labcn,  invite,  load  (labct,  ISbt) 

m 

gelabcn 

(affcn,  let  (Ittfet) 

m 

gclaffen 

laufctt,  run  (lauft) 

lief 

ift  gelaufcn 

Icibcn,  suffer 

litt 

gelittcn 

leiftcij,  lend 

m 

gcKcl^cn 

Icfcn,  read  (lieft) 

m 

gelcfen 

Ikqtn,  lie 

lag 

gelcgcn 

liigcn,  lie  (tell  a  lie) 

log 

gclogen 

tncffcn,  measure  (ntlfet) 

tnafe 

gcmcffen 

nelftmcn/  take  (nimmt) 

nalfiTn 

gcnommcn 

:|jfcifcn,  whistle 

Pfiff 

gepflffen 

iprcifcn,  praise 

^ric3 

gcpricfen 

ratcn,  advise  (x'dt) 

rtct 

gcratcti 

ttihtn,  rub 

rlcb 

gcricben 

rctften,  tear 

rife 

gcriffcn 

rctten,  ride 

ritt 

ift  gcrittcn 

deepen,  smell 

ro* 

gerod^cn 

tufcn,  call 

rtef 

gcrufcn 

f aufcn,  drink  (of  animals)  (fttuft)  foff 

gefoffcn 

fc^iaffcn,  create 

f«uf 

gcfc^affcn 

fd^cibcn,  part 

fd^ieb 

(f^at)  ift  gcfd^icbcn 

ft^icincn,  seem 

f(§icn 

gcfd^icncn 

f(^icttcn,  scold  (fc^irt) 

f^art 

gefd^oltcn 

Miefecn,  shoot 

mi 

gcfd^offcn 

Mlafcn,  sleep  (fd^Iaft) 

ft^tief 

gcfd^Iafcn 

Mlagcn,  strike  (fd^Icifit) 

mm 

gcfd^Iagcn 

fd^leid^en,  sneak 

\m^ 

ift  gefd^Ud^cn 

172 


BEGINKERS     GERMAN 


iNFINmVE 

Preterit 

Past  Participle 

fcfiltcftcn,  shut 

f«Io6 

gcfd^loffen 

frfflingcn,  sling 

f^Iang 

gefc^Iungen 

fcfimclscn,  melt  (fc^milgt) 

fci^inolg 

ft  at)  ift  gefc^TTtoIacn 

fd^ncibcn,  cut 

fd^nitt 

gefc^nittcn 

fddrcibcn,  write 

\di)xith 

gefd^riebcn 

fd^retcn,  cry 

fd^ric 

gefc^rieen 

fc^rcUen,  stride 

fd^ritt 

ift  gef(|ritten 

fctfttjcigcn,  be  silent 

fd^mieg 

gcfd^tDlcgcn 

frfltoimmcn,  swim 

fd^njamm 

ift  gefd^tDommcn 

f(^tt)tnbcn,  vanish 

fd^hjanb 

ift  gefd^hjunben 

fc^toingcn,  swing 

fd^toang 

gefc^tDungcn 

fd^hJiircn,  swear 

fd^lDur/fd^toor          gefd^tDoren 

Men,  see  (ficf)t) 

fa6 

gefer)cn 

fmgcn,  sing 

fang 

gefungen 

finfen,  sink 

fonf 

ift  gefun!cn 

finncn,  think 

fann 

gcfonnen 

fi^cn,  sit 

fag 

gcfeffen 

f^inncn,  spin 

fpatrn 

gefponnen 

ipttti^cn,  speak  (fprid^t) 

fprad^ 

gefproc^en 

fpric^cn,  sprout 

fproS 

gefproffen 

fpdngcti,  spring 

fprang 

ift  gcfprungcn 

ftcd)cii,  prick  (ftid^t) 

ftad^ 

geftoc^en 

ftcftcn,  stand 

ftanb 

geftanbcn 

Wlcn,  steal  (ftic{)It) 

»l 

geftof)Icn 

ftcigcn,  climb,  mount 

fticg 

ift  gcftiegen 

ftcrbcn,  die  (ftirbt) 

ftar{» 

ift  geftorbeit 

ftofecn,  push  (ftoBt) 

ftiefe 

geftogcn 

ftrcidficn,  stroke 

ftrtd& 

geftric^en 

fttcitcn,  contend 

ftrkt 

geftritten 

tragcn,  carry  (triigt) 

trug 

getragen 

treffcn,  hit,  meet  (trifft) 

trof 

getroffen 

ixtxhcn,  drive 

trieb 

getriebcn 

trctctt,  tread  (trltt) 

trat 

ift  getreten 

trinfcn,  drink 

tratif 

gctrunfen 

tun,  do  (tut) 

m 

getan 

Ucrbcrficn,  ruin,  spoil  (bcrbtrbt) 

bcrbarb 

ift  Derborben  {intrans. 
]^at  t)crborbcn  {trans.) 

toergcffcn,  forget  (derglfet) 

toergaS 

bcrgeffen 

t)crlicrcn,  lose 

Dcrlor 

berlorcn 

toac^fcn,  grow  (toftd^ft) 

toud^d 

ift  gcmad^fen 

GRAMMATICAL   TABLES 


173 


Infinitive 

Preterit 

Past  Participle 

toaf(^icn,  wash  (mafd^t) 

JDUfd^ 

fiemafd^cn 

ttjciddcn,  yield 

toiii) 

ift  fictDid^cn 

tticifcn,  show 

h)te« 

fietuiefen 

hjcrfcn,  throw  (mirft) 

toarf 

ficmorfen 

njtcgcn,  weigh 

h)OQ 

QCtDOQCn 

§ct^cn,  accuse 

Sie^ 

fieaic^en 

jicftcn,  draw;  move 

aog 

ift  fiegogen  (intrans.) 
fidt  fiegOQcn  (trans.) 

jttiingcn,  force 

S^ang 

gcstDungen 

ABSTRACT   OF   GERMAN   GRAMMAR 

^otrmenteljtre 

Sllte  Sorter,  btc  faniugictt  hjcrbcn  fonncn,  l^cigcn  SScrBa  (SdU 
tobxiev). 

SlKc  SBorter,  bie  bclfintett  iDcrben  fonncn,  tictgen  Slpmtna,  @^ 
gibt  Tnel)rcre  Slrtcn  bcr  S^omina: 

<z.  ©ubftantit)a  (§auptti3ortcr.    ®ro5  fd^reiben!) 
&.  ^ronoTttina  (giirtnorter) 

c.  Slrtifel,  befttmmt  unb  unbeftimmt 

d.  §lbie!tit)a 

e.  9luTncraIia  (^a^I^ortcr). 

SBorter,  bic  nid^t  [(eftiert  toerben  fonncn,  finb: 

a.  Slbdcrbia 

b,  ^rdpofitionen 

c,  Soniunftioncn 

d.  3ntcricftioncn» 

I.  ^ie  S)cHinattan 

A,  eg  Qibt  3  ©encra  (®cf d^Icc^ter) :  ma^Mimm  (manntid^), 
gcmmimum  (tDeiblid^)  unb  ^leutrum  (fcid^Ud^)* 

B,  gg  gibt  2  9tumcri  (3af)Icn):  ©ingular  (gmgaf)!)  unb  plural 
(9Wef)rsaI)l), 

C,  gg  gtbt  4  ^afug  (Satte):  9^ominatit),  ©enitb,  3)atit)  unb 
Slffufatb, 

Tlan  unterfc^eibet  2  Slrten  bcr  ©ubftantitJ^^Deflination:  btc 
ftarfc  unb  bic  fd^tDac^c  ©enination. 

S^  Qibt  aud&  cine  fogenanntc  gcmifd^tc  ®efiination»  gremb^s 
to5rtcr  unb  ©tQcnnamen  finb  befonbcr^  p  berixdEfid^tigen^ 

174 


ABSTRACT   OF   GERMAN   GRAMMAR  1 75 

1,  ^erfonalprottomina  (baju  5KcfIejit)t)ronoTncn) 

2,  ^offcfftDpronomina 

3,  ©CTuonftratidpronomina 

4,  9JeIatit)pronoTntna 

5*  3ntcrro0atit)pronomina 
6*  3^nbcfinitpronomma. 

^cWinatton  bcr  Stbicfttuc 

Sebe^  attrtbutidc  2lbj[eftit)  fann  ftarf  unb  fd^mad^  bcflmiert  tott^ 
ben*    SDa^  ate  ^iprdbifat  gcbraud^te  Slbjefttt)  ift  flcjion^Io^* 

^om^iaration  (Stcigcrung)  t>t^  %^ttixt)§ 

a.  ^ofitid 

b.  ^omparatit) 

c.  ©upcrlatb* 

OuaIttatit)c  Slbbcrbtcn  f  onnen  aud^  fompariert  (gcfteigcrt)  tDerbcn* 

^cflination  ber  9lumcralia  (3ft^ltoBrtcr) 

Sic  3<Jf)too^tcr  gerfallcn  in  Sarbinalia  nnb  Orbinalta*    Seijtcrc 
iDcrbcn  n)ic  bic  2lbieftit)c  befltniert, 

^rapoftttonett 

Sllte  ed^tcn  ^^rftpofttioncn  regtcren  ben  !Sattt)  ober  ben  Slffufatit). 
Uned^tc  "ipriipofitionen  f)aben  ben  ©enitiD  bei  \i^. 


n.  ^tc  ^anjugatlott 

A.  e^  gibt  3  ^erfonen  (erfte  ^erfon  uftoO* 

B.  ©^  gibt  2  ^lunteri   (3cif)Ien):  ©ingular   (Sinjal^I)  unb 
plural  (Wlt\)Xiaf)l)  (ift  ie  ein  Slumeru^)* 


176  BEGINNERS'  'GERMAN 

C.  g^  fitbt  6  Jempora  (3eiten): 

^riifen^  (ift  ctn  Jempu^) 

Qntperfeft 

guturum  (!♦) 

^erfeft 

^lu^quamperfeft 

guturum  II* 

D.  g^  gibt  2  ©enera  Dcrbi  (3u[tanb6fortnen): 

Hftit)  (ift  eiti  ®enu^  t)erbi)  unb 
^affit). 

£.  g^Gibt3$mobi(au^fa9cfonncn): 
^nbifatit)  (ift  ein  9»obu^) 
^oniunftit) 
3^peratit);  fotnie  ttod^  bie  infiniten  SSerbatformcn: 

3nfinitit)  unb 

•iPartisipiuTn  (be^  *iprafen^  unb  be^  ^crfeft^), 

SWan  unterfd^eibet  gVDei  Slrten  bcr  ^onjuQation:  bie  ftarfc  unb  bic 
fd^tnad^e  Soniugation.    (S^  gibt  alfo  ftarfe  unb  fd^tuad^e  33erben. 

g^  Qibt  au(^  eine  fogenannte  gentifd^te  ^oniugation* 

ajfan  unterfd^eibet  aud^  ^ontpofita  (jufammengefe^te  3Serben) 
mit  SSorfilben,  bie  Dom  SSerb  teil^  untrennbar,  teil^  trennbarftnb. 

@^  gibt  femer  §ilf^t)erben,  fomie  ntobale  §ilf^derben,  reftejide 
unb  unperfonTid^e  S!5erben» 

Wovtbxlbnn$sUi(vc 

Sluf  gnjeierlei  SBeife  tDerben  au^  ben  ©tammen  neue  SBorter  ge^ 
bilbet: 

1.  ®urd^  93eranberung  ber  33ofaIe  in  ben  ©tantmfilben; 

2.  S)urd^  ©rineiterung  ber  ©tammftlben: 

a.  burd^  ©uffije 

b,  burd&  "iUrafije. 


ABSTRACT    OF    GERMAN   GRAMMAR  1 77 

Slufecr  ben  trtit  ©ufftjen  unb  *iPraftjen  gcbilbcten  SBortcm  gibt 
c6  aud^  ^liftt'^'nTenfe^ungcn  bon  felbftcinbioen  SBortern  (Seftim^ 
muixQ^iDort  unb  ©runbmort)* 

I.  ^cr  einfad^c  ®a^ 

3cber  ®a^  entl^alt  cin  ©ubjeft  unb  ein  ^riibifat 
9la(^  bem  3nl)alt  teilt  man  bie  ©a^e  ein  in: 

1.  Slu^fagefafec 

2.  gragefdfec 

3.  Sc0ef)nxnG^fafee  (33efe^I  unb  SBunfd^). 

Sttter^unltion 

5yjad^  Slu^fagefd^en  ftel^t  ein  '^nntt,  nad^  gragefafeen  ein  grage^ 
geid^en,  nad^  Segefirung^fa^en  ein  2lu^rufung^seid^en» 

SSor  birefter  9{ebe  ftel^t  gen)of)nIic^  ein  ©oppelpunft,  Slnfang 
unb  @nbe  ber  bireften  $Kebe  tDerben  burd^  „2InfuI)run0^ftrid^c"  ge^ 
fennjeid^net* 

®a^  35erbunt  Eann  ergftn^t  tDerben: 
1.  burd^  ein  Dhidt 
2»  burd^  eine  abberbiale  53e[timntung, 

S^  gibt  abt)erbiale  53eftintnxungen: 

a.  be^  Orte6  (lofal)  €.  be^  ©runbe^  (faufat) 

b.  ber  2Irt  (mobal)  /.  be^  S^edf^  (final) 

c.  ber  3^it  (temporal)  g.  ber  golge  (fonfefutiD) 

(/.  be«  TlxtttU  (inftmmental)     h.  ber  (Sinraumung  (fongeffit))* 

3)aju  fommen  bie  'i|Jronominal=2lbt)erbien  (tDomit,  tDOju  ufto.; 
bamit,  baju  uftD,)* 

(9lomina  fonnen  burd^  Slttribute  ergangt  tDerben.) 


1^8  BEGINNERS'   GERMAN 

n.  ®cr  5ufamtncngcfe^tc  Sa^ 

SWan  unterfd^eibct  §auptfa^e  utib  S^ebcnfdijc. 

S)te  ©afec  ftnb  enttDcbcr  foorbiniert  (beigcorbnct),  obcr  ber  ctnc 
ift  bem  anbcm  fuborbiniert  (untergeorbnct), 

@^  gibt  balier  foorbinicrenbe  unb  fuborbinicrenbc  ^oniun!ttoncn» 

9lcbcnfa^c  iDcrbcn  bom  §auptfa1^e  ftet^  burd^  cin  ^omma  ge- 
trennt» 

2luf  ba^  Ztmpu^  bc^  ^oniunftit)^  ift  bcfonber^  in  ber  inbireftcn 
SRebe  3U  a^kn. 

aBortftcMung 

S^  gibt  im  S)eutfd&en  brci  Slrtcn  ber  SBortftcttunQ  (SBortfoIgc): 
1,  SfcQelmdfeigc  SBortfoIgc  (normalc) 
2»  3nt)crfton 
3*  S)ic  aSortfoIgc  im  5«cbenfa^ 


SONGS 


D  !£anncn6aum 

gttr  blcrftimmlgcn  gctnifc^ten  (©d^tilcrd^or 
(graft  anfd&ttfe,  1824. 


P 


^ 


f^=# 


^^ 


« al — « — *{ ^- 


^— 1^ — #- 

i 

1.  O     Xan-ntn-haum,  o    2:an*ncn*bauTn,  toic  treu  finb    bel  *  tic 

2.  O     2;an=ncn*baum,  0    Stan  *  ncn^baum,  bu  fannft  mir   fcl^r    gc  « 

3.  O     2:an*ncn*baum,  0    2^an*nen*baum,  bcin^Ieibmill  tnld^  toad 


^1:9= 


|:MM= 


:*: 


I      I     ^1 


r  ^'  r  tr-^i:- 


^ 


^=i: 


SSmt  *  tcrl  5Du  griinft  m(5t  nur 
fal  ^  Icn!  SSie  oft  f)at  nid^t 
Icl^  *  ren:      ^ie  §off  *  nung  unb 


jur  (Som^mer^geit,     ncin 
^e  *  ftftn  '  big  *  feit      gibt 


5cdt 


P=fi: 


-=H 


5^ 


-=1-»- 


m 


^ 


^ 


=3= 


O  ^an  *  ncn^bautn,  o 
O  2:an  *  nen^baum,  o 
O      Zan  *  ncn^baum,    o 


H=R^ 


i 


aud^  im  SSin  *  tcr,  toenn  cd  fd^nelt! 
S8auTnt)on  bir  tnid^  f)od&  cr^freutl 
2:roft  unb  ^raft     gu      ie  *  bcr  3cit, 


z£=t 


f=p= 


179 


i8o 


BEGINNERS'   GERMAN 


i 


I 


=^=3= 


W^ 


Xan  ^  nen-baum, 
2:an  ==  nen^baum, 
jtan  *  nen-baum, 


h)te  trcu  finb  bet  =  nc  iBIat  *  tcr! 
bu  fannft  mir  fe{)r  gc  ^  fal  *  len! 
bein  £Ieib    mill  mid^      h)a6  Icl^  *  rcn! 


m 


^=4 


:ifci 


I 


J-j « •- 


r-f 


i 


S)ic  Scrclei 


iWcI.  toon  f^ricbr.  ©ild^cr,  1789-1860. 
2:onf.  toon  ©cring. 


ife 


^ 


^1 


fc-fr:- 


liir 


^Et 


^=^ 


iziV: 


-#-=- 


-#-f- 


^^Ff^r 


1.  3c5  tDel6m(^t,h)a§  foE    cS    be  *  beu  *  ten,  baft    ic^ 

2.  ^te   fd^on  :=  ftc     3ung  *  frau    fit  -   get  bort     o 

3.  !5)en  (Sd^if =f er  Im     flei  *  nen  ®d^if  *  fc       er  *  greift  e8 


fo 
htn 
mit 


trau=ng 
h)un=ber  * 
toil  *  bem 


^ 


^W=W^ 


K^^  N 


:^33t^ 


s?^ 


=t=t=^=*=:iE 


'g!    b     bwb    b  '  I 


poco  cres. 


eS 


i 


E^ 


=^=a= 


i:    i     i 


w 


bin;  ein  SO^ar  *  d^en  au«  ol   *    ten  S^^  *  ten,  ba§ 

bar,  it)r  golb  =  ne^  ®e  ^  fd^met  =  be  blit  *  get,  fie 

SSel^;  er  fd^aut    nid^t  bic  gel  *  fen  *  rif  *  fe,  er 

^ ^  poco  cres.  -! 


*i=*i 


=N=t 


SONGS 


i8i 


r# FT-T — 

fc.                       1 

^ \ Pv—J-^ — f^^ — V 

— i — ^^-==^-N 

— K^^^-^" — fv- 

— d V- 

— ivH 

^^^~~i — i — i — i — j^ 

\,^,  f^    J 

— P — -^ — 1-^ 

■~i — i^ 

^^ 

fommt    tntr  nld^t  au^  bcm 
fammt     ii)v   qoI  =  be  *  ne^ 
fc^aut     nur  ()inauf  in     bie 

©inn.    !Die     ?uft       ift 
§aar.    (Ste  fammt  eg  mit 
^W*    3*    Qlau  :=  be,  bie 

m^r,unb 
got  =*  be  = 
SBeMen 

e« 

nem 
t)er  * 

(f»):  f'  ^  f  r  r  'r 

i-  4  >if 

P'      9        PL— 

-r— ^- 

"b — 

M-^ ^    L   L   L 

#  •  •     l{# 

_| U_ 

b — ^—- 

n  r  r 

—     '^ 

i 


^^E 


=S=*iS= 


rrQ- 


I  I  , , 

bun  »  felt,  unb     ru  «  l^ig    fttegt  ber     9i]^etn;  .  .  ber  ®i))  =  fet 

^oin  =  me    unb    fingt    era    Steb    bo  =  bei;    ...  bo6  fiat       ei  = 

\ij\m  '  gen    am      6n  »  be  ©c^tf=fer  unb    £af)n;   .  .  unb  ba6     l^ot 


^ 


n-r.i:^P- 


rrrfT3 


ir 


i 


/ 


=^ 


=^i=^ 


-M: 


^ 


I 


BE 


flfct 


1" 


be«     S3er^Qe3      fun  *  felt     im     51  *  benb  =  fon*nen  *  fd^ein. 
ne     h)un  *  ber  *  fa    *    mc,     ge  *  \oah  ti^ge     aJie  *  lo  *  bei. 
mit    il^  *  rem     ©in  «  gen     bie     So  *  re  =  lei     ge  *  tan» 


_^5  ^  r  f 


l82 


BEGINNERS'   GERMAN 


afjxxitna^t 


3fof.  mo^v,  1792-1848. 
©anft  unb  gctragcn. 


gratia  ©ruber,  1787-1863. 
Xonf.  Don  ©crlng. 


©anft  unb  gctragcn.  ^4q 


mf 


fe 


1.  etil  ^  Ic     D^ac^t,     ()ei  *  It  -  ge    ^ac^t!       511    -  le^    fd^laft, 

2.  etil  :=  Ic     '^a^i,     f)cl  =   Ii  *  ac    5^ad^t!      ^tr    «=  ten     crft 

3.  etil  *  le     5^a(^t,     {)el  *   U  :=  gc    ^f^ac^t!      ®ot   =  tc«    ©oI)n, 


^ 


^-^    -f- 


^ 


PP-0-' 


m 


^ 


mf 


I  I 


BE 


i^ 


p 


=&-fc 


-P ^-v f\ H 1>^'^    K 1\ r— 


cltt    *    fatn  hjad^t     nur       ba6    traute,  F|od^  -  \)zi  ^  Ii*gc   ^aar; 
funb       QC  :=  mad^t.  !Dur(^     ber     (Sngel    §al  «  le     =      lu  *  ja 
0  h)ie    lad^t     Sieb'      au3     bei   *    nem     gott  »  Itd^eit  2)?unb, 


4: 


i 


g 


t 


X 


->^-^=^ 


-y— V' 


^^ 


i 


&E 


^ 


^ 


:5— 1^- 


e^ 


1=^ 


^ 


l^ol  ss  ber  ^na*be  im  lof  *  ft* gen  ©aar:  fd^laf  in 
tfint  e6  laut  toon  fern  unb  na():  (Sfjrift,  ber 
ba       un^     fc^Iagt      btc       ret* ten  ==  be    <Stunb',    (5f)rift,      in 


I     I    I 


SONGS 


183 


i 


^fe^ 


dltt  =  tcr,  ift 


^ 


^^ 


r^ 


* 


bei  «  net  ®e  «  burt. 


*M= 


I 


fd^laf  in  tiltntn  =  li  *  fc^cr  diu\)'l 
(Sftrift,  bcr  $Rct  *  ter,  ift  ba!  — 
S]^rtft,ln     bei   *  ner  ®c  *  burt! 


^^ 


i^= 


t^ 


(Stuae  beweet 


^eibenrij^lcttt 


SSoH«h)ctfc  d.  ^cinr.  SBcrncr,  1800-1833. 
2;onf.  don  ©cring. 


^ 


m^H-j—t- 


=?=t 


ee 


=i^^i=? 


1.  (Sal^  cin  tnab'  ein  9?6g*Iein  ftcfin,  0?o8  =  Icin  auf  bcr 

2.  ^na  =  be  fprac^:  3(^  bre  *  d^e    bid^,  $Rb8  *  lein  auf  ber 

3.  Unb  ber  toil  *    be  tna  *  be    brad^g  ^6^  *  lein  auf  ber 

P-0-  -#-  -•-           -#- 


m*& 


ife?» 


=t=|c 


^ 


i 


^ 


p 


s 


t^ 


^=i= 


E^ 


^-^i^ 


^ 


:^=pt 


7^ 


^ei  *  ben,  toav  fo  iung  unb  mor^gen^d^on!  Sief  er  fd^nell,e6 
§ei*ben!  9Jog  *  lein  fprad^:  3(^  fte  =  d^c  bid^,  ha^  bu  e  *  mifi 
$ei  *  ben!  $Hd3  =  lein  m^x  *  te      fic^    unb  ftad^,    I)alf  i{)nt  bod^   fein 


'^ti^^-f^^t£^^ 


1 84 


BEGINNERS'   GERMAN 


p^-i  f.+i-^^  m -.-jr^ 


ndf)  gu  \cf)%  W^  iT^tt  blc  *  Icn  greu  *  ben. 
bcnfft  an  mid^,  unb  Id^  tDlir^ntd^t  Ici  *  ben! 
2Be^        unb    5lc5,       mufet^      eg       e    ^    ben       lei   =    ben! 


m 


p. 


^-H 


*#- 


^f^F= 


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m/ 


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J?l 


,    / 


-#— - 


i^ii 


4= 


I      ■    '  i       I 

9166  *  lein,  $Rog '  lein,  9log4eln  rot,    9?og4ein   auf     ber    ^ei  *  ben! 
mf  cres.     1  ,  / 


r  r 


1 5  I 


I 


=t=t: 


^ 


:^=*= 


^cH  bit  im  ©icgcrftans 


SBalt^afar  ©crl^arb  ©c^utnad^er,  1793. 

^ctnrid^  ^arrie«,  1790. 
gcicrlid^,  nid^t  gu  lanefam. 


2«cl.:  3ol&n  S3ua,  1563-1628. 
Xonf.  bon  g.  (£rf. 


-4     4      d- 


1.  $ell  bir    int 

2.  Wc^tS^offunb 

3.  $ei  -  It  *  ge 

4.  $anb4unQ  unb 

5.  (Bd,  W^fer 


it 


(Sle  *  9er*frang,^err4c5cr  be^ 
$Het  *  ft  *  Qe  fi:=d^ern  bie 
giant  *  me,  Qluf)^  gliilf)',  unb  cr 
SBtf  :=  fen  :=  fc^aft  l^e  :=  be  ntit 
SBil'  f)^lnt,  f)ier    lang    bet  -  ne6 


S3a  *  ter*Ianb«I 
ftel  ^    le    §or, 
=    lo  *  fd^e    nie 
5mut  unb  traft 
^ol  =  feci  gitv, 


=t 


fe^ 


148: 


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SONGS 


185 


H 

P=^    ^ii 

f- 

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^q 

-d^ 4^ 

t> 

^dl,  ^ai  ^  fer, 
\do    gtir  ^  [ten 
fUrg    3Sa  *  ter  == 
i^r  §aupt  em    * 
ber  5menf(§4eit 

birl 
fte()n! 
lanb! 

por! 
©tola! 

-M ^- 

giif)r  in 
gie  ^  be 
2Bir    al 
^rie  *  ger 
giijr  in 

-4— 

be« 
beg 
=    le 
unb 
beg 

1 i Tj 

^i^-T 4 d -^ 

Jf)ro  *  neg  ©lang 
SSa  *  ter^Ianbg, 
fte  =  {)en  bann, 
C>el  =    ben  =  tat 

VcfCQ  *  neg  ©lans 

J  .       /It 

('m\^  1       i       r 

1     F         1 

r       ^       ^ 

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v» 

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bie 
gie 
mu 
fin 
bic 

:=   be 

=  tig 

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^0 

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beg 

fiir 

i{)r 

.    lie 

iEBon    «    nc     gang, 
frei     *    en    aJJanng 
ei     *     nen  3)^ann, 
?or    *   beer  ==  btatt 

SBon   *    ne     gang, 

J  •    -'  f  ' 

?ieb 
griin 
famp 
treu 
Sieb 

-#- 

1    r 

*  ling      beg 

*  bet        ben 

*  fen        unb 
auf   -    ge    * 

*  ling       beg 

fe}f^ 

— 1 — 

— • — 

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— (i — 

c      .      F 

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— P- 

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— |t — 

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1         H ^        l- 

T-J 

...  !          '_.,.....   '           1 

f#*=t? 

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1 

s* 

*  Ober: 

11  pii^^ 

^err  = 
blu  « 
f,o  -. 
SB0H8 

-# J 

r 

an    fein! 
fc^er*tl)ron 
ten    gern 
ben    bort 
SU     fein! 

f  -^' 

— 1» — 1 

^eil,    .    ,^ai  =  fer, 
h)ie  .    .   gelg      im 
fiir  .    .  Jl)ron    unb 
an    .    .    bci  *  nem 
§eil,     .  ^ai  *    fer. 

b 

b 

ir! 
eer. 

ron. 
ir! 

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f^        1 

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^     H=H 

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:jfc 

i86 


BEGINNERS'   GERMAN 


i 


Tlax  ©d&necfcnburgcr. 
Scb^aft  unb  marficrt 


Sie  aSad^t  am  SHl^ein 


^orl  SBilbclm,  1820-1873. 
cres. 


d=4: 


^r 


s 


1.  (g^     brauft  eln    D^iuf    toic  !Don  *  ner  *  f)a(t,  iDte  (Sd^tocrt  *  gc  • 

2.  !Durc§  $un  *  bert  *  tau  *  fenb  ^udt      e^  fd^nell,  unb      al    *    ler 

3.  (gr       blicft  \)'m  *  auf     in  $im  ^  mcl^^au'n,   ba     $el  *  ben  * 

4.  ©0       lang    ein  ^rop  *  fen  53lut     noc^  filiiftt,  nod^     ei   *    nc 

5.  !Der  ©detour  er^fd^attt,  bie  iCSo  *   ge  rtnnt,  bic    ga()  *   ncn 
/.                                ,          ,  cres, 

^     ,  .N \ ! J ^    ^   ^   ^ . ^ 


=t=^ 


^^ 


//' 


-^=^ 


=iw= 


3= 


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flirr   unb  3Bo  *  gen=pratt:  3^iit  ^Wn,  sum$K()ein,^um  beut^c^en 

Slu  *  gen  blit  *  gen  fiell;     ber    !Deut  -  fc^e     bie  *  ber,  fromm  unb 

\)'d  *  ter  nie  *   ber4<^ciun,  unb  fci^lDort  ntit     ftol  *  ytx  ^amp  =  fe«  * 

fjauft    "titxi  ^t  '  gen  gief)t    unb    nod^      ein  5lrm    bie  53u(^  *  fe 

flat  *  tern  f)od^     im  SBinb:  Bum  9lf)ein,  gum  9^I)ein  gum  beut  *  fci^en 


@^ 


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->-1r: 


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tr 

b       k! 

^          i 

$Hf)ein! 

h)er 

h)itl     beg    (Strom 

-eS    $it    * 

ter         fein? 

ftarf, 

be   * 

fc^ii^t    bie     \)z\V   ^ 

ge  ?an  * 

beg     *    marf. 

luft: 

!Du 

$ref)einbleibftbeutfd^ 

toie  mei   * 

ne         SBruft! 

fpannt, 

be    :» 

tritt     fein  geinb 

f)ier  bei  * 

nen         ©tranb! 

9^{)ein, 

toir 

al     *    (e      tool  ^ 

Icn    §il    ^ 

ter         fein! 

^ 

f^ 

f  f  f 

?=___i- 

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1          !^ 

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SONGS 


187 


^ 


-^-*—0 — #- 


W^d^ 


fein,  Ilcb    35a  *  ter^Ianb^Tnagft 


_^ ^- 


2ith    33a  *  tcr^Ianb,  magft  ru 


m- 


^ptq=tiz£fc=J 


:£ 


^=t 


=t=^: 


/a 


=i 


ES^ 


:it=*: 


iJE^ 


^^tEi3E^^ 


-g^ 


ru  *  f)ig  fein;      fcft     ftcl^t   unb    trcu     btc  ^Sac^t,  bic  ^ad^t   am 
I  /  cres. 


eE^ 


it^: 


:^ 


=N=^= 


4 


//' 


^^ 


^^^ 


I 


t^^ 


m^i^=^. 


m 


f-f 


SR^etn!      fcft     fte^t   unb  treu     bte  S!Ba(i^t,bie  SBacilt   om     8J6cinI 


I 


P 


i88 


BEGINNERS'   GERMAN 


(S.  ®dhtl 


aSanbcrf^aft:  „^cr  Wlai  tft  gcfommen" 

gilr  ficmifc^tcn  S^or 


3ul.  2BiI^.  Sura,  1842. 


i^^s^^e 


:r*=± 


=i=r 


-^ 


-«i- 


I 


1.  35er    2Kai  tft       ge  =  tont=inen,    bie  S8au»ine  fd^Iosgen  au8, 

2.  grifc^  ouf  brum,  frifc^    ouf  im    l)cl  =  len  ©onmen^ftra^f, 

3.  O       3Bon=bern,     o   SBan»bent,    bu     frei  =  c  93ur»[c^en=luft! 


^-r^ 


4r_ 


4=- 


f    1 1 


:g= 


P^^^ 


*=*: 


]i=fc 


itS^ 


!t^ 


ia^^ 


-N/^  K 


=i=r 


r 


ba         bid  *  be,    h)cr    ?uft  l^at,  mit     (Sor  =  gen     gu 
h)o()I     il    *    ber    bie    ^er  *  gc,  tnof)!  burd^  ba6  tie  -  fc 


2:al! 


^a     tt)c4et    ®ot*te«     0*bcm    fo 


frtW 


/  ^.      .  ^-;-<P    I    r    •   F F-! F 


-t^^t- 


_-|fI2i-_-f-- 


in     bie    58ruft, 


#: 


:>i=N:; 


Stt 


i 


fe 


-fV=v^ 


Iii^=it 


fit 


:^ 


«tcr*=i 


-#-^ #- 


I 


2Btc  bie  SSol^fcn  bort  h)an=bern  am  l^ttnm  ^  It  *  fd^en 
!Die  OueMen  cr  *  flin^Qen,  bie  ^aume  =  rau=fc^en 
1)a         fin  '  get  uttb  {auc^^get      ba^  ^er^  jum  §lm=mel^ 


^.=E^ 


^    -g-^-g- 


il 


^ES^i^ 


=f^ 


-fi- 


-ti- 


3elt, 

oH; 

=  jelt: 


^- 


SONGS 


189 


i 


»»/ 


EE^ 


^ 


I 


I4^g^r=i= 


:g: 


I 

fo       fte^t  aud^  mir  ber  ©inn  in  bte  h)et  =  te,  lt)et »  te 

metn  ^crj  ift    loie  'nc    8er  =  d^e  unb  ftim=  met  cin  tnit 

SBte    bift  bu  bo(|  fo  fd^on,  0  bu    Wei  =  tc,  rtei  =  te 


2Belt. 

sasciti 


^•— ^ 


I 


i 


^^-ir~^~^ 


1-^ 


:S 


*=:ti 


Hoffmann  Don  SoUetSIebtn.  3ofep6  $asl)n,  1732-1809. 

aWttBig  lonofom. 


A    m-P 

1                                      1                   1 

t 

1 

:#!  /    H         ^ 

4      -] J — 

— p""^ — 1 

h-^*        li-    - 

rfYM*  J — i^ 

-4 — J — 8 — i — 

r^— 

j 

^"^         ^  •     8 

5        f        •         • 

i     J     * 

^    ^ 

r  ^eutfd^  *  lanb,  ^cutf(!^4anb  ii  *  ber 
I  menn       e«     ftet^    gn    ©cJ^uij  unb 
2    r  ^eut  *  fd^e  grau  *  en,     beut  *  fd^e 
1    fol  *     len     in      ber     SBelt    be    ^^ 
r    ^i    *    nig  =  feit    unb    dlt^t   unb 
*  I   ^a   *   nac6   lafet  un^     al    =    le 

^/     ^.      f-    -f-      f-      ^       -f- 

al    =   leg,      u    := 
2:rut  *  sc       brii  ^ 
2:reu  *  e,       beut  = 
l)al   *  ten      il)    * 
grei  :=  f)eit      fiir 
ftre  *  ben       brii  -- 

ber 
ber   * 
fd)er 
ren 
bag 
ber  ' 

r«V              S                     L                     i           m 

1        s 

f       .... 

¥^-,  /i  p •          p           k     r 

L        1        1         ["       1 

^-^b  * '         h         k     1 

F                            ' 

T'                  1                       1                1                   1                   1                   1 

1         '                        1 

U      " 

1 

1 

m 


mf 


^^=t=t- 


^^E± 


S 


al  ^  leg      in      ber    SBelt, 


r 


Don    ber     SD^aagbig      an      bie 


ung     i\x      eb   *    ler      ^at     be  * 


lic^      gu  -  fam  *  men  -  l^alt,  > 
SBein   unb    beut  *  fd^er  (Sang  1 
al  *  ten     fd^o  ^  nen  ^lang,  / 
beut  *  fd^e     33a  *  ter  =  lanb!  \  ^.        .       ^  .^         c    cv^  ^^ 
li£^mi^©ers     unb  ^anbl)  ^'  ^  "^^  ^  ^''^     ^^^    ^^*^   ""^ 


^^P^ 


f^F 


1- 


I  go 


BEGTNNERS'   GERMAN 


^ 


M M-\-i^ ■- 


U 


^F 


SD?c  *  mcl,  t)on  ber  (gtf(i^  bi«  an  ben  SQdt  ©cutf$*lanb, 
get  *  ftcrn  un  *  fer  gan  *  sc^  !2c  *  ben  lang.  !Deut  *  fd^c 
grei  '^  f)eit      finb      be«    ©Ilif  -  feS    Un  *    ter  *   pfanb.   33Ittr)'    im 

^  -^  -^       -€-:   li- 


lt 


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=£: 


ili 


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=1= 


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-^-*- 


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*±^ 


!Deutf(54anb  ii  *  ber  al  =  Ie«,  U  =  ber  at  *  le^  in  ber  SBelt! 
gran  *  en,  beuHc^c  2:reu^e,  beut  ==  fc^er  SBein  unb  beuHc^^er  ©ang! 
®Ian  -    ae     bie^fe^     ©(ttf-feg,  blii  *  i)e,    beut-fd^e^  5Sa*ter*  lanb! 


I 


^m 


i 


m 


r='=F 


aBanbrcr^  5Wa(3&tUeb 


Sangfam  unb  eetragcn. 


i 


:^kfea 


^ 


tJricbr.  ^^lau. 


^ 


^^=* 


:^ 


•=^     *     ^     J  _^ 


^ 


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TT  -^ 

il  --  ber  ol  »  len     ®i») » fe(n  ift    SRul^;     in     a\  --  Icn  ffitp»feln 


^ 


IE 


=^ 


S^ 


#^=5: 


^^ 


SONGS 


191 


i 


fe^ 


u^=^^t 


^ 


if¥  '   J 


!fe^gfc=g 


rr- 


fpil  *  reft     bu     fci  =  ncn    ^auc^;  bic    55 og  -  Icin  fd^tDci^gcn  im 


^^t 


=p=^^ 


^#- 


fc^ 


:^ 


^ 


=^- 


i 


fcr 


?4? 


5 


^= — ^ 


aBoI=be. 


S33or  =  te   nur,   hjor  «  te   nur,     bal    =   be, 


^*^-^-k^- » 1 K W( h" 


IS 


i 


^ 


w=»- 


=4=^ 


^ 


^-   V 


^3t 


bal 


be  rufift    bu     aud^.     SSBot  =  te   nur,    tear  =  te    nur. 


SiS 


^^ 


Hl=r 


^ri^i- 


P 


^ 


-•-#- 


^te 


^^         nV. 


i 


^^Eg 


bal  *  be,     bal  *  be  ruf)ft  bu    aud^,    bal  *  be  rul^ft 


PP  rit. 


^fe^^ 


^SE 


bu    aud^. 


i 


m?3. 


^ 


bal  •  be  ruMt  bu     aud^. 


192 


BEGINNERS'   GERMAN 


Set  fto^e  SBanbcr^mann,  I 

gttr  gcmifd^tcn  (Sl^or 


3fofe*)'&  »on  (gic^nborff. 


i 


ii«^t 


gelif  2KcnbcI«fo]&n»S3Qrt^oIb^,  1809-1847. 
2:onf.  bon  ©cring. 


— 1^ pv~\ 

3=^ 


53 


-K 


-*t-^ FV-al 1— 


*-^- 


I       r^ 

1.  SlBcm  ®ott  n)i((  red^  =  tc  ®unft  cr  *  h)ei  *  fen,    ben    [deleft  cr    in 

2.  !Die  53ac]&4ein  t)on  ben  ^cr  *  gen  fprin  *  gen,    bie      ?cr*d^cn  fd^tDirs 


/i 


^^ 


4^ 


^ 


-.-^t 


dl: 


I^E 


«s 


^   ^ 


.  n  tt  it    v 

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cr5.9. 

y  ^M-       ^ 

N           jk. 

»L                                  ,^                   1^       ' 

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P         N 

1                 1 

p^      ^     p     ^    J      #    - 

Wf\    *^       •^         ^ 

v^>           5                  •• 

/J            - 

J      J    t.«i     J     2      J    ' 

bic 
rcn 

• 

h)ei  *  tc 

r 

SScIt, 
guft: 

-|»     -5-      -5-  »•      p      -  •    • 
bcm     tt)it{     cr     fci  *  nc   SBun  *  bcr 
h)a^     fottt'    ic§   nic^tmit    i()   *  ncn 

,-     -^  -«-  -^.  .  >•  1^ 

^^'tt  If 

r      r 

if    8 

'  B 

r       r      r   r     m  '    m   -\ 

b       u 

p    1 

^9         1                              ! 

r  ' 

^        ^        ^    b      \j        fj      i 

^!: — U_ 

— U U-J 

_4.-j — 1_ 

^       V         ^      \ 

i 


Ml 


fet  =  nc  9Sun  *  ber 
nlc^t  mit  i^  =  ncn 


-^-^-ih — ^-     I       !      — -^ — 


iDci  *  fen,  bcm   tDilt  cr   fci  ^  nc 
fin  *  gen,  tDa^  f oHt'  ic^  nid^t  mit 


^s^ 


=3 


=P=fc 


fV     V     ^ 


SBun  =  ber  mei  =  fen   in  SBerg  unb 
{{)  =  nen    fin  =  gen  ou8  O"!  --  \tx 


-^ 


^ 


SONGS 


193 


n  tt  # 

aSalb,      in     S3erg    unb 
^c^I,        au6     tool  »    Icr 

•^   N      ^       ^ 

SBalb 

V  *^i^      ^    1 

^    1     1       1        K 

■^          ."            !               K'       1 

Ur  ^jt      WK    ^ 

•s      "      1          '         J^ 

m       %'    d      \ 

im                    ^     P '   P 

^  .      #      •  .     • 

«• 

•#     9  .    «# 

Ks\)                fy    »  ^  \           r         , 

(^  • 

p* 

ir     #  .    #^    1 

^                   L/'^         '^         'W' 

^1  ^:: 

2BaIb 

^Cf)I 

uub  ®trom  unb 
unb    fri  -  fd^cr 

^- 

^- 

^^•tt  it 

^•ftu.^ 

Hi 

■■ 

:M: 


^i 


EE 


gclb,  bem  tolH   er     fci  =  ne    Sffiun»ber  Wei  «  fen    in  SBerg  unb 
SBruft,  tuaS  foUt'  ic^  nic^t    ntlt      iJ)  =  nen    fin  =  6«n  ""^  "ol » '^'^ 


^ 


it^-  -^  f 


::f 


J. 


^tt^-lhz% 


=t=fc 


-V=l\2 


:fc:5f= 


i 


J^ 


^  ff    Piu lento        ivitard 


i 


i 


-r* ■ r-— 

SEBalb  unb  ©tront  unb  gelb*    „    -.      ..      .      /u  x^  y  t     '^ 

«>  t.r       V  c  •     f^     ctt    fxr,  3,  ^cn  he  *  ben  @ott  lafe     i^     nur 

^ef)l   unb  fn  *  f(|cr  SBruft?  ^  ^       ' 

^    Piii  Zgn^o         ritard 


ffi 


m 


h^^ 


^ 


i 


Ml 


^     p     a  tempo 


=&=^ 


^ 


^^ 


^ 


Wal^ten;      ber         S3ac^  =  lein,  8er=d^cn,aBaIbunb   gelb       unb 
^    p     a  tempo.        .      ^ 


|B5^^>[BT=pp>3;:f^t^ 


194 


i 


M: 


BEGINNERS'  GERMAN 
ores. 


*M 


■+■ 


^i* 


llz 


'^ti=f 


-^r^F-r^^ 


«*- 


I 


m 


(Exh*  unb  ^immct  toltt  cr  *  f)al  *  ten,  unb  (Srb'  unb  §immcl  h)itt  cr 

« S Mm C II Ji. tt         p |_ 


^ 


^ 


3^ 


k   i*   ^=^=^ 


^:^--£ 


U    'k-    b    !•    b 


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li^ 


l^t     aud^  mcin'  <Sad&' 


5ES 


y 


y  ^  n 


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i 


VOCABULARY 


Explanations.  In  the  following  vocabulary — which  is  extensive  on  account  of  the  in- 
clusion of  the  additional  reading  and  poems — words  will  be  found  in  alphabetical  order.  The 
gender  of  the  nouns  is  indicated  by  the  preceding  article,  and  the  endings  of  the  genitive  sing- 
ular and  the  nominative  plural  follow  in  parentheses.  The  principal  parts  of  the  strong  verbs 
are  given,  and  in  case  of  strong  verbs  which  change  the  vowel  in  the  second  and  third  person 
singular  of  the  present  tense,  the  third  person  singular  is  given  to  indicate  this  root-vowel 
change.  In  case  of  verbs  which  take  fein  as  an  auxiliary,  the  fact  is  indicated  in  the  principal 
parts. 


ab,  off,  away. 

ber  3(Bcnb  (-«,  -c),  evening. 

ba^  5(bcnbcffcn  (-^,  -),  supper. 

bcr  5(^enbfonncttfrf|citt  (-§),  evening 
sunshine  (light). 

ahttf  but,  however. 

a^gcl^cn  (ging  ah,  tft  abgcgangcn),  to 
go  off,  start,  depart. 

ber  5l]6ituricnt  (-en,  -en),  a  candi- 
date for  the  final  examination 
of  the  German  higher  schools. 

aBrcifcn  (aux.  fein),  to  set  out,  de- 
part. 

bie  5(bftatnmung  (-,  -en),  descent, 
parentage;  derivation. 

oftftetgcn  (ftieg  ob,  ift  abgeftiegen),  to 
descend,  dismount. 

ahtttitn  {aux.  ^ahm  and  fein),  (er 
trltt  ah;  trat  ah,  abgetreten),  to 
tread  off;  to  relinquish,  resign; 
to  retire;  an  ben  ^aifer  — ,  to 
yield  up  to  the  emperor. 

abtticfcnb,  absent. 

ad^,  alas,  ah. 

bie  S((^fct  (-,  -n),  shoulder. 

a^i,  eight;  ac^te,  eighth. 

hk  ^c^tung  (-),  attention;  esteem, 
regard. 


abbicrcn,  to  add. 

abicu,  adieu,  farewell,  good-by. 

bie  5(bbttion  (-,  -en),  addition. 

hit  5(bcr  (-,  -n),  vein. 

al^nUi^,  similar,  like,  resembling. 

bie  S^re  (-,  -n),  ear  of  corn. 

ber  5(ffufattl>  (-^,  -e),  accusative 
(case). 

att  ( — er,  — e,  — e6),  all,  entire, 
whole,  each,  everybody,  every- 
thing. 

aSein,  adj.  and  adv.^  alone;  conj.j 
only,  but. 

attcrtoegen,  everywhere. 

attmai^Urfl,  gradually. 

ot)^,  as;  than;  when;  but. 

alfo,  so,  thus,  therefore. 

aft,  old;  bie  5llten,  the  aged. 

ba^  TOcr  (-^,  -),  age. 

am  =  an  bent, 

amcrifanifd^,  adj.,  American. 

ha^  %mi  (-e^,  -^er),  office,  position. 

an  {dat.  or  ace),  at,  on,  by,  to, 
near,  in,  upon. 

ber  ^nlbeginn  (-e^),  earliest  begin- 
ning. 

anbinbctt  (banb  an,  angebunbcn),  to 
tie  on  {or  to). 

ber  ^nl^Ucf  (-^,  -e),  view. 


197 


198 


BEGINNERS'   GERMAN 


anbcr  (bcr,  bit,  ha^  — c;  cm 
cine  — t,  eln  — c^),  other;  untcr  an* 
berem,  among  other  things;  nlc^tS 
anber^  al^,  nothing  else  but  that. 

anberfciti^,  on  the  other  side  (hand). 

anber^hjo,  elsewhere. 

bie  5lncfbote  (-,  -n),  anecdote. 

ber  5tnfang  (-«,  ^e),  beginning. 

anfangcn  (er  fangt  an;  fing  an,  angc* 
fangen),  to  begin;  to  do. 

anfrageti;  to  ask  in  passing. 

angcftdrcn,  to  belong  to. 

bcr  5lngcftiJrige  (-n,  -n),  one  be- 
longing to,  relative. 

bcr  5(ngnff  {-^,  -c),  handling,  attack. 

anfualtcn  (cr  f)alt  an;  f)iclt  an,  angc* 
f)altcn),  to  hold  (on)  to,  stop, 
draw  up. 

anliaqtn,  to  accuse. 

anfniipfen,  to  tie,  join,  fasten. 

anfommcn  (fam  an,  ift  angcfommcn), 
to  arrive. 

bcr  5(nfiJmmling  (-«,  -t),  newcomer. 

bic  tlnlagc  (-,  -n),  a  laying  out, 
plan,  park,  pleasure-ground;  in- 
vestment. 

aniegen,  to  lay  out;  to  invest. 

anne^men  (er  nintmt  an;  nalf^m  an, 
angenommen),  to  accept,  take, 
take  for  granted. 

anraten  (er  rat  an;  riet  an,  angcratcn), 
to  advise,  recommend. 

anreben,  to  speak  to,  address. 

anfdfreiben  (fc^rieb  an,  angcfd^rlcbcn), 
to  write  on  or  down. 

anfc^en  (cr  ficjt  an;  fal^  an,  angc* 
fcf)cn),  to  look  at  or  upon;  to  re- 
gard; to  respect;  to  esteem. 

bic  ^nfteblung  (-,  -en),  colony. 

bic  5lnftalt  (-,  -en),  arrangement; 
institution. 


anftatt  (gen.),  instead  of. 

anftrengcn,  to  strain,  exert;  aUc 
^raftc  — ,  to  strain  every  nerve. 

bcr  ^ntetl  (-«,  -c),  portion,  share, 
interest. 

bic  ^nttoott  (-,  -en),  answer,  re- 
ply. 

antttjortctt,  to  answer,  reply. 

anhjefenb,  present. 

bic  ^(n^a^l  (-),  number,  multitude. 

ber  %pid  (-«,  •^),  apple. 

ber  5C^jfelbaum  (-4,  *c),  apple-tree. 

ber  SCpril  (-«),  April. 

bie  5trbeit  (-,  -en),  work,  task,  per- 
formance. 

arbeiten,  to  work. 

arg,  adj.  and  adv.j  bad,  mischie- 
vous, severe,  hard. 

drgerlic^,  annoying,  annoyed,  an- 
gry, vexed. 

arm,  poor;  ber  5Irme,  poor  man. 

ber  2lrm  (-e^,  -c),  arm. 

bie  5lrt  (-,  -en),  kind,  species;  man- 
ner, way. 

ber  5(r5t  (-c§,  -^c),  doctor,  physician. 

5Cficn  (-€;  neut.),  Asia. 

auc^l,  also,  too,  even,  likewise. 

auf,  prep.  {dat.  or  ace),  on,  upon, 
in,  at,  by,  for,  to,  towards;  adv., 
up,  upwards. 

aufbliil^cn  (aux.  fetn),  to  blossom 
out,  open,  begin  to  flourish. 

aufeffcn  (er  i^t  auf;  ag  auf,  aufgc* 
gcffen),  to  eat  up. 

ttuffalftrcn  (cr  fiil^rt  auf;  fu^r  auf,  ift 
aufgcfaf)rcn),  to  start  up. 

auffinbcn  (fanb  auf,  aufgefunben),  to 
find  out,  seek  out. 

btc  ^ufgabc  (-,  -n),  task,  lesson. 

aufl&cbcit  ({)ob  auf,  aufget)obcn),  to 
lift,  raise,  pick  up. 


VOCABULARY 


199 


fluf^citetn,   to  cheer   or  brighten 

up. 
ouf^ijrcn,  to  listen  attentively;  to 

stop,  cease. 
auflofcn,  to  loosen,  untie, 
aufmadjcn,  to  open. 
aufmcrffam,  attentive, 
bic  5(ufnoftmc  (-,  -n),  taking  up, 

reception. 
auf^affcn,  to  pay  attention,  watch. 
aufrcc^t,  upright,  erect,  straight. 
awfrtt^tcn,  to  raise  up,  straighten, 
ber  5luffa^  (-e«,  -^c),  composition, 

essay. 
auffi^cn  (fag  auf,  ift  aufgcfcffcn),  to 

mount. 
auffte^en  (ftanb  auf,  ift  aufgcftanbcn), 

to  stand  up,  get  up. 
auftrctcn  (cr  tritt  auf;  trat  auf,  ift 

aufgctreten),  to  step  up  (upon), 

appear,  come  forward. 
aufnjatftcn    {aux.    fcin),    to   wake 

up. 
bcr  SCufnjdrtcr  (-«,  -),  attendant, 

waiter. 
ba«  5(u9C  {-^,  -n),  eye. 
augcnMicflit^,  momentary  ( — ily), 

instantaneous(ly),  instantly, 
ber  5(uguft  (-^),  August  {month). 
au^  {dat.),  out  of,  from,  of,  by,  for, 

on  account  of. 
au^btlbcn,  to  form  (out),  develop, 

cultivate;     to     render     accom- 
plished or  educated. 
au^brittfcn,  to  press  or  squeeze  out; 

to  utter,  express, 
bcr    ^lu^fu^r^anbet    ir^),    export 

trade. 
au^fiil^rlid^,  detailed,  complete,  full, 
bcr  ^uSgang  (-c8,  ^t),  act  of  going 

out,  exit;  result,  end. 


auSge^en  (ging  au8,  ift  au^gegangcn), 
to  go  out. 

aui^gctcgt,  laid  out,  displayed. 

aui^fommen  (fam  au«,  ift  au^gcfom* 
men),  to  get  along  with,  live 
peaceably  with. 

auSkd^en,  to  laugh  at. 

\ia^  $Cu!^lanb  (-c8),  foreign  parts, 
nations. 

auj^laufctt  (er  iSuft  au«;  lief  au0,  ift 
au^gclaufen),  to  run  or  flow  out, 
extend. 

aui^mad^en,  to  make  out;  to  put 
out  (fire,  etc.);  to  make  up, 
constitute;  to  settle  (a  dis- 
pute). 

au^fd^tagcn  (er  fd^Iftgt  au3;  fd^Iug 
aug,  au^gefd^Iagen),  to  strike  out; 
{aux.  fein),  to  break  out,  bud, 
sprout. 

auigfeftcn  (er  fiefit  au§;  fal^  au«,  au8* 
gcfcl)cn),  to  look,  appear. 

ber  ^(ugenl^anbel  (-«),  foreign  com- 
merce. 

auftcr  {dat.)^  out  of,  outside  of;  be- 
sides, except. 

au^erbem,  besides,  moreover. 

auigf^rcd^cti  (er  fprid^t  au^;  fpra$  au0, 
au^gefprod^en),  to  express,  utter, 
speak  out,  pronounce. 

aUi^itben,  to  practise,  exercise;  to 
carry  out;  to  commit  (crimes, 
etc.). 

bic  5tu^njanbcrung  (-,  -en),  emigra- 
tion. 

auj^hjdrtig,  outward,  abroad,  for- 
eign. 

aUj^toenbtg,  outside;  by  heart;  — 
lemcn,  to  commit  to  memory. 

au^lt)if(iften,  to  wipe  out  or  away; 
to  erase. 


2CX5 


BEGINNERS     GERMAN 


» 

ber  Sadft  (-e«,  -^c;  dim.  ba«  ^(tci^Icin), 
brook. 

bacfcn  (er  bacft;  buf^'gebacfen),  to  bake. 

ber  83drfcr  {-^,  -),  baker. 

baben^  to  bathe. 

hcL^  Sabc^immcr  (-3,  -),  bath 
room. 

bie  25a^n  (-,  -en),  path,  course, 
road,  railway. 

haXt^,  soon. 

ba6  85anb  (-e^,  -^er),  band;  rib- 
bon. 

bic  S3attf:  i.  (-,  -^c),  bench,  bank 
{ground)  \  2.  (-,  -en),  bank 
{money  hank). 

bar,  bare;  ready  (money),  cash. 

bie  Sarmftcrsigfcit  (-),  compas- 
sion, mercy. 

ber  S3au  (-e^,  -e  or  -ten),  building, 
structure. 

!iauen,  to  build;  to  till,  cultivate; 
—  auf,  to  count  upon. 

ber  S3auer  (-^  or  -n,  -n),  peasant, 
small  farmer. 

ber  Saum  (-e^,  -^e),  tree. 

ber  S3aum^faft(  (-«,  ^e),  tree-pole, 
post,  stake. 

bebauen,  to  cultivate,  till. 

bebenfen  (bebac^te,  ht'tQi6)i),  to  pon- 
der, reflect,  bear  in  mind. 

bebeutett;  to  inform,  direct;  to 
mean,  signify,  forebode. 

Bebeutenb,  important,  significant. 

bie  23ebeutung  (-,  -en),  meaning, 
significance,  importance. 

ber  ^cbientc  (-n,  -n;  ein  — er),  ser- 
vant, lackey. 

beenben  {also  beenbigen),  to  bring  to 
an  end,  terminate,  finish. 


bcfc^Ien  (er  beftebit;  befabi,  befolfilen), 
to  order,  command. 

fid^  befinben  (befanb,  befunben),  to 
be,  feel. 

begciftern,  to  inspire,  fill  with  en- 
thusiasm. 

ber  S3cgtnn  (-e^),  beginning. 

bcginnen  (begann,  begonnen),  to  be- 
gin, commence. 

begteiten,  to  accompany. 

bie  S3eg(cttung  (-,  -en),  accompani- 
ment, attendance. 

begriinben,  to  base,  found. 

bcbaften  (er  bebalt;  bebtelt,  bebalten), 
to  keep,  retain;  to  carry. 

bebunbeltt,  to  handle,  manage, 
treat. 

be^crrfc^cn,  to  rule  over,  govern. 

bcbitten,  to  guard,  preserve,  pro- 
tect. 

bet  {dat.),  by,  at  the  side  of,  in  con- 
nection with,  at. 

beib  ( — e,  — e^),  both,  two. 

beifattctt  (er  fcillt  bel;  fiel  ht\,  ift  hti^t^ 
fallen),  to  come  into  the  mind, 
occur  to. 

\iOi^  S3ctn  (-^,  -e),  leg. 

betnabe,  almost,  nearly. 

bctftctt  (bt6,  gebiffen),  to  bite. 

ha^  83etf)jiel  (-^,  -e),  example;  ^um 
—  ih  ^0/  for  example. 

befannt,  known,  acquainted. 

bie  S3cfebruttg  (-,  -en),  conver- 
sion. 

beflagen,  to  lament,  bewail. 

befommen  (befam,  befommen),  to 
get,  obtain. 

belaufc^en,  to  listen  to,  eavesdrop. 

bcffen,  to  bark. 

bemerfen,  to  perceive,  notice;  to 
remark. 


VOCABULARY 


20I 


ba^  JBcmii^Ctt  M),  trouble,  pains, 

endeavor. 
6cnc^mcn  (er  benimmt;  bcnal^in,  be* 

nommen),  to  take  away;  fic^  — , 

to  behave. 
Ibcncnncn    (benanntc,    bcnannt),    to 

name,  designate. 
Ibeciuem,  comfortable, 
ble  S3cratung  (-,  -en),  consultation, 

deliberation,  conference,  council, 
bie    83ercc()tigung    (-,    -en),    title, 

right;  qualification. 
berett,  ready,  prepared. 
fierettcn,  to  prepare. 
htttxt^,  already, 
ber  S3erg  (-(e)g,  -c),  mountain, 
ber  S3eruf  (-(e)6,  -c),  calling,  voca- 
tion, profession,  office. 
httixf)mt,  famous, 
ber  S3efc^ctb   (-e^,  -e),  knowledge, 

information,  answer. 
bcfdfteiben,    modest,    unassuming; 

moderate. 
Ibefcfteiben    (befcfiieb,   befd^ieben),    to 

allot,  assign. 
Befcftcinen  (befd^ien,   befd^lenen),   to 

shine  upon,  light  up. 
Befcftreiben  (befc^rieb,  befd^rieben),  to 

describe. 
hit  S3efc^reibung  (-,  -en),  descrip- 
tion. 
Bef (ftii^en,  to  protect,  guard,  defend. 
6cfc()cn  (er  befief)t;  befa^,  befef)en),  to 

look  at,  regard. 
Befc^cn,  to  occupy,  engage,  take 

possession  of. 
fiefingen  (befang,  Befungen),  to  sing 

of,  celebrate  in  song, 
bte  S3efinnwng  (-),  reflection;  cinen 

gur  —  (p)  brlngen,  to  bring  one 

to  his  senses. 


ber  ©cfi^  (-c^)/  possession,  prop- 
erty. 

Bcfi^en  (befaS,  befeffen),  to  sit  upon, 
have,  possess. 

bie  S3cfi^ung  (-,  -en),  possession; 
pl.y  dominions,  dependencies. 

Ibcfonbcr)^,  especially,  particularly, 
extraordinarily. 

Bcfonncn,  thoughtful;  fiirj  — ,  with 
little  reflection,  with  quick  pres- 
ence of  mind. 

htipttd)tn  (er  befprtc^t;  befprac^,  be^ 
fprod^en),  to  discuss;  ftd^  mit  einem 
— ,  to  converse,  deliberate,  dis- 
cuss with  one. 

ficffcr,  compar.  of  gut. 

ficftc,  superl.  of  gut;  auf6  —  beftellt, 
arranged  for  the  best,  in  the 
best  way. 

bcftanbig,  steady,  constant,  con- 
tinuous. 

Bcftc^cn  (beftanb,  beftanben),  to  un- 
dergo, stand  (a  test),  pass 
through,  continue;  to  exist;  — 
au^,  to  consist  of. 

bcftcigcn  (beftieg,  beftiegen),  to  as- 
cend, climb,  mount,  go  on 
board  (ship). 

Bcftctten,  to  order,  dispose,  appoint, 
arrange. 

beftimmt,  determined,  fixed,  de- 
cided, definite. 

ftc5  beftrcben,  to  exert  one's  self, 
try  to  obtain. 

hit  23eftrebung  (-,  -en),  effort,  en- 
deavor, exertion. 

Befucften,  to  visit,  attend. 

bcteiligcn,  to  assign  a  share;  to  in« 
terest;  ft(^  —  an  (bei),  to  have  a 
share,  be  interested  in,  take  part 
in. 


202 


beginners'   GERMAN 


httonttt,  to  lay  stress  on,  empha- 
size. 

ber  f8cixa(i)t  (-(c)g),  respect,  con- 
sideration, point  of  view. 

htttdd)tl\di,  considerable. 

htivaqcn  (er  bctragt;  bctrug,  bctragen), 
to  amount  to;  fid^  — ,  to  behave, 
conduct  one's  self. 

htttcxhtn  (betrteb,  bctrtcben),  to 
drive  upon,  follow  up,  carry  on; 
to  pursue  (studies). 

hcttttcn  (cr  bctrttt;  betrat,  betreten), 
to  step  on,  tread;  to  enter  upon; 
to  enter  (a  house). 

ha^  fSeti  (-eg,  -en),  bed. 

ber  93c«tcl  (-«,  -),  sack,  purse. 

ber  83ct)ottma(l^ttgtc  (-n,  -n;  etn 
— er),  one  invested  with  full 
power,  plenipotentiary. 

BcttJcifen  (betnie^,  betoicfen),  to  prove, 
show,  manifest. 

ber  S3chJ0^ner  (-«,  -),  inhabitant; 
resident. 

ht^afiUn,  to  pay. 

Btcber,  upright,  honest,  loyal. 

bie  JBicnc  (-,  -n),  bee. 

ba6  S3Ub  (-c€,  -er),  picture,  image, 
portrait,  figure. 

liilben,  to  form,  compose;  to  edu- 
cate. 

bag  SBUbcrbud^  (-eg,  -^er),  picture- 
book. 

bie  Silbungi^beftrcBung  (-,  -en),  ef- 
fort for  education. 

Ibtllig,  cheap,  moderate,  fair,  just. 

binben  (banb,  gebunben),  to  tie;  see 
also  anbinben. 

bie  S3irnc  (-,  -n),  pear. 

hx^,  as  far  as,  up  (down)  to,  to,  till. 

hitttn  (bat,  gebeten)  urn,  to  beg  for; 
bittc,  please. 


ha^  matt  (~c«,  ""^r;  dim.  ha^  mdtU 
d^en),  leaf,  blade;  sheet,  news- 
paper. 

Ibku,  blue. 

Utxhcn  (blieb,  Ift  geblicben),  to  stay, 
remain,  continue. 

ber  SBlcifttft  (-eg,  -e),  lead-pencil. 

ber  JBUcf  (-eg,  -e),  look,  glance. 

Uxdtn,  to  look. 

Mi^en,  to  lighten;  to  sparkle,  glit- 
ter, shine. 

bloft,  adj.,  bare,  naked,  mere;  adv., 
only,  merely. 

hintftrXf  to  blossom,  flourish. 

hk  f8inmt  (-,  -n),  flower. 

bag  S3tut  (-eg),  blood. 

filutcn,  to  bleed,  die. 

bliil^cn,  to  blossom. 

bie  fSlutt^tit  (-,  -en),  flowering 
time,  prime. 

ber  f&ohtn  (-g,  ■^),  ground,  soil; 
floor,  attic. 

bag  fSoot  (-eg,  -e  and  33ote),  boat. 

borgen,  to  borrow,  lend. 

fiijfc,  bad,  evil,  wicked,  malicious, 
angry. 

htauttjCtx,  to  use,  want;  to  need. 

Ibraun,  brown. 

Ibraufcn,  to  storm,  rage,  roar. 

htat)f  excellent,  worthy,  fine,  good. 

Ibred^en  (er  bridfit;  brad),  gebroc^en), 
to  break,  pluck. 

Brett,  broad,  wide. 

ber  JBrtef  (-eg,  -e),  letter. 

bringcn  (brac^te,  gebrad^t),  to  bring. 

bag  fStot  (-eg,  -e),  bread. 

ber  JBruber  (-g,  ^),  brother. 

BriiberUt^l,  brotherly. 

bie  93ruft  (-,  -^e) ,  breast ,  bosom,  chest. 

ber  f&uht  (-n,  -n),  boy;  scamp, 
knave. 


VOCABULARY 


203 


ba^  f8n^  i-ti,  -^cr;  dim.  ha^  ^ild^* 

Ictn),  book. 
hit  IBitrfffc  (-,  -en),  gun. 
Bucftftabiercti,  to  spell. 
hixdtn,  to  bow,  stoop. 
ba«  S3ubgct  H,  -«),  budget, 
ba^  SSiinbcI  {-^,  -),  bundle, 
ber   Suttbc^rat   (-eg,  ^c),   Federal 

Council  (of  Germany). 
bit  SBiirbe  (-,  -n),  burden,  load, 
ber  f8nxqtt  (-^,  -),  citizen,  burgher, 
bcr  ^urfcftc  (-n,  -n),  lad,  fellow. 
bit  ©utter  (-),  butter. 


bcr   (ba^)   Si^or   (-c^,  -"-c),   choir, 

chorus, 
bcr  G^l^rtft  (-en,  -en),  Christian, 
ber    (Ilirift(u^)    (-t,   dat.  -0,    ace, 

-unx,  (7y  indeclinable)  y  Christ. 

ba,  aJz;.,  there;  where;  then,  at 
that  time;  conj.,  where,  when, 
as,  since,  because,  inasmuch  as. 

baftet,  therewith,  thereby,  at  the 
same  time. 

ba^  ')t)atii  (-€«,  -^cr),  roof. 

baburc^,  thereby,  through  that. 

bafiir,  for  that  (it). 

bagcgen,  against  it  (that). 

balder,  from  that  place,  thence, 
hence,  therefore. 

bafterfommcn  (fam  bai)tv,  tft  bafier* 
gefommen),  to  come  along. 

ba^tn,  thither,  to  that  place,  along, 
away, gone, past;  big—,  till  then. 

bomalig,  at  that  time,  then. 

bic  ^amc  (-,  -n),  lady. 


hamxi,  adv.y  therewith,  with  that 
(it),  by  it;  conj.y  in  order  to,  so 
that. 

banac^,  for  that  (it),  after  that, 
upon  that. 

baneben,  near  it,  next  to  it,  close 
by,  beside. 

ber  ^ant  (-eg),  thanks. 

banfen,  to  thank. 

bann,  then. 

baran  (bran),  thereon,  thereat,  at 
or  on  it  (that,  them),  in  regard 
to  it,  to;  on  the  eve  of. 

barauf  (brauf),  thereupon,  upon  it. 

barau)^  (braug),  thereout,  there- 
from, out  of  it  (this,  that,  them). 

barin  (brin),  therein,  in  it  (this, 
that);  barinnen,  there  within,  in- 
side. 

bte  ^orftcttung  (-,  -en),  exhibition, 
representation. 

boriiber,  over  that  (it),  thereon 
(of),  about  that. 

barum  (brum),  about  it. 

ba§,  the;  which,  that. 

baft,  conj.,  that. 

ber  ^atit)  (-g,  -e),  dative  (case). 

ba^  Saturn  (-«/  ®ctta  or  SDaten), 
date. 

bte  ^aucr  (-),  duration,  continu- 
ance. 

bauern,  to  last,  continue,  remain. 

bat)on,  therefrom,  thereof,  there- 
by; of  or  by  it  (that);  thence, 
away,  off. 

bte  ^erfc  (-,  -n),  ceiling,  cover. 

berfcn,  to  cover. 

ber  X)egen  (-«,  -),  sword. 

bein  ( — ,  — e,  — ),  thy,  thine,  your; 
— cr,  — e,  — eg,  yours;  ber,  bic,  ba^ 
— (ifi)c,  yours. 


204 


beginners'   GERMAN 


bit  ^cHtnation  (-,  -en),  declension. 

bcfUniercn,  to  decline. 

hit  ^cnftrbctt  (-,  -en),  thought 
products. 

benfen  {ha^tt,  gebad^t),  to  think; 
—  an,  to  think  of. 

ha^  ^tntmal  (-g,  -^er  and  -t),  monu- 
ment. 

benn,  for;  than;  unless;  then. 

ber  (Me,  bag):  i.  def.  art.,  the;  2. 
demons,  pron.  and  adj.,  that 
(one);  3.  rel.  pron.,  who,  which, 
that. 

bcr*(bic',  ba8=)iemge,  that  one, 
those;  he,  she,  it  {before  a  rel. 
pron.). 

bcr*(bie*,  bag^)feI6c,  the  same. 

be^l^alb,  therefore,  on  this  account. 

befto,  the,  so  much;  \t  fd^neHer,  — 
elier,  the  quicker,  the  sooner. 

bcutUdft,  distinct  (ly),  clear,  intel- 
ligible. 

beutft^,  adj.,  German;  —  gSf)Ien, 
count  in  German;  auf  — ,  in 
German. 

bag  ^eutf(f|e  (-n),  German  (lan- 
guage). 

eln  ^eutfdfter  (ber  — e,  bte  — en),  a 
German. 

ber  ^eutfd^ficrremjrben  (-«,  -),  the 
knights  of  the  German  Order. 

^eutft^Ianb  (-g;  neut.),  Germany. 

ber  ^esember  (-g),  December. 

b.  ft.,  bag  f)et6t. 

bicftten,  to  compose,  write  poetry. 

ber  ^tcftter  (-g,  -),  poet. 

btcf,  thick,  fat,  stout. 

ber  ^ieb  (-eg,  -e),  thief. 

ber  Wiener  (-g,  -),  servant. 

ber  ^tcnft  (-eg,  -e),  service. 

ber  ^ten^tag  (-eg,  -e),  Tuesday. 


btcnftbar,  serviceable. 

bag  ^ienftmdbcften  (-g,  -),  servant 
girl. 

btci§  (— er,  — e,  —eg),  this,  this  one, 
the  latter. 

bte^mal,  this  time. 

bag  ^iftat  (-g,  -e),  dictation. 

biftieren,  to  dictate. 

bag  X)ing  (-eg,  -e),  thing. 

ber  ^ireftor  (-g,  -en),  director, 
manager,  principal  or  head- 
master (of  a  school). 

bttJtbiereti,  to  divide. 

hit  ^itJtfion  (-,  -en),  division. 

bocft,  but,  yet,  still,  however,  never- 
theless, though;  fag  mir  — ,  do 
tell  me;  hd^  t)erfte]f)en  ®le  — ?  you 
certainly  understand  that?  I 
hope  you  understand  that? 

ber  Cottar  (-g,  -g),  dollar. 

ber  ^Ottnerftatt  (-g,  -e),  resounding 
of  thunder. 

bonnern,  to  thunder. 

ber  ^onneri^tag  (-eg,  -e),  Thursday. 

bag  Xiorf  (-eg,  -^er),  village. 

bort,  there. 

bortfelbft,  see  bort, 

brei,  three. 

ber  ^reifeigiaftrige  ^rieg.  Thirty 
Years'  War  (1618-48). 

breift,  bold(ly),  courageous. 

britter  (-e,  -eg),  third. 

bag  ^rtttet  (-g,  -),  third. 

broftenb,  threatening. 

ber  ^ufatcn  (-g,  -),  ducat. 

bumm,  stupid. 

bunfel,  dark,  gloomy,  obscure. 

bunfetn,  to  grow  dark. 

biinn,  thin,  fine,  small. 

burtft  {ace),  through,  by,  by  means 
of,  across. 


VOCABULARY 


205 


burdjlcud^'ten,  to  light  throughout, 
brighten,  illuminate. 

burd^mac^ctt,  to  finish. 

bur(^i$icften  (^09  burc§,  burc^gcgogcn), 
to  draw,  pull  or  pass  through. 

biirfcti  (er  barf;  burfte,  geburft),  to 
dare,  be  permitted,  ought.  But: 
i(^  f)abe  augcjc^en  biitfcn.  Simi- 
larly :  miiff  en,  f  onncn,  mogen,  fotlcn, 
moKcn,  etc. 

ber  2)urft  (-c«),  thirst. 

biirftcn,  to  thirst,  be  thirsty. 

burftig,  thirsty. 

eficn,  even, level,  smooth;  adv.,  just, 
precisely,  quite,  certainly. 

ebcnfatt^,  likewise. 

cbcnfo,  just  so;  —  Qut  Xoxt,  just  as 
good  as. 

\>k  @cfc  (-,  -n),  edge,  corner. 

ccfig,  angular,  cornered. 

ebe(,  noble,  highborn;  ber  Sble, 
man  of  noble  birth  or  character. 

ber  ©bdmann  (-e^,  -leute),  noble- 
man. 

ti)tf  sooner,  earlier,  before,  former- 
ly; ere. 

c^cr,  cojnparative  of  e]f)C. 

ci^rcn,  to  honor,  esteem. 

e^rlic^,  honorable,  honest,  just. 

c^tltJiirbtg,  venerable. 

ba^  @t  (-eg,  -er),  egg. 

ct!  ay!  indeed!  why! 

cifcrfiidfttig,  jealous,  envious. 

Ctgen,  proper,  own,  peculiar,  spe- 
cial; strange,  curious. 

bte  (Jtgcnart  (-,  -en),  peculiarity. 

Ctgcnfinmg,  self-willed,  headstrong. 

etgentUd^,  proper,  real,  really,  prop- 
erly speaking. 


ber  ©igcntiimct  (-§,  -),  proprietor. 

cigcntiimlic^,  (belonging  to)  exclu- 
sively; peculiar,  strange. 

bte  (SUe  (-),  haste,  speed,  hurry, 

cUctl,  to  hasten,  hurry. 

etn  (eine,  ein),  a,  an,  one;  adv.,  in, 
into. 

cinanber,  another,  one  another, 
each  other. 

cin^nngcn  (brad^te  etn,  eingebracfit), 
to  bring  in. 

bie  (^in^ufec  (-,  -n),  loss,  damage. 

citier  ( — e,  — §),  one;  a  person,  peo- 
ple. 

cincrlci,  of  one  sort;  all  the  same, 
immaterial. 

cinfad^,  simple,  single. 

ber  ©infatt  (-(e)g,  -^e),  falling  in; 
sudden  idea,  notion. 

ber  annflug  (-ffe^,  -iiffe),  flowing 
in,  influence. 

ber  @inful)rf)anbe(  (-g),  import 
trade. 

ctnnrabcn  (er  griibt  ein;  grub  etn,  ein* 
gegraben),  to  dig  in;  to  engrave. 

cinftcrgetjen  (ging  etn{)er,  ift  einf)er^ 
gegangen),  to  move  along,  wan- 
der about. 

cin^olcn,  to  bring  in,  go  to  meet  or 
fetch;  to  obtain;  to  overtake. 

cinig,  one,  single,  united;  einige, 
any,  some,  a  few. 

eimgcmal,  a  few  times. 

ftd^  cinigcn,  to  agree. 

bie  ©tmgfeit  (-),  unity. 

bie  ©inigung  (-,  -en),  union,  agree- 
ment. 

cinja^rig,  lasting  one  year;  ber 
(Siniaf)rig*i^rein}iltige,  volunteer 
soldier  serving  one  year. 

cinmal,  once,  one  time,  once  upon 


2o6 


BEGINNERS'   GERMAN 


2.  time,  sometime,  just,  only; 
f;Uf  — ,  suddenly;  noc^  — ,  OBce 
more. 

r.'>3  ©inmalcin^,  once  one,  multi- 
plication table. 

tftinc^mcn  (er  nimmt  cin;  na^m  eltt, 
eingenommen),  to  take  in,  gather 
In;  to  capture;  to  receive,  col- 
lect. 

c^tAtiditen;  to  arrange,  order,  estab- 
lish, furnish. 

eta^,  adv.  J  one,  of  one  mind. 

bit  (Hn^  (-),  (the  number)  one. 

w^xifam,  lonely,  lonesome,  solitary, 
alone. 

^iafctfUcftlic^i,  inclusive. 

HiX  (Bin\ptndj  (-(e)«,  -^c),  prohibi- 
tion, protestation,  opposition. 

d»ft,  once,  one  time,  some  day. 

vnuftnjeilcn,  in  the  meantime. 

bic  ©intrat^t  (-),  concord,  union. 

efntrctcn  (er  tritt  ein;trat  ein,ift  cingc* 
treten),  to  step  in,  enter;  to  begin. 

bcr  ©itttritt  (-(c) g,  -e),  entering  on, 
entrance,  admission. 

hit  ^tn^al^l  (-),  singular  (number). 

einjcln,  single,  separate,  solitary. 

bcr  ©inaclftaat  (-e^,  -en),  (single) 
state. 

tit  ©tfcnfia^tt  (-,  -en),  railway, 
railroad. 

bag  ©lemcnt  (-g,  -c),  element. 

bie  (^Uctn  {pi.  only)^  parents. 

empfangcn  (er  empfangt;  empfing, 
cmpfangen),  to  receive. 

empfc^Icn  (er  cmpfief)It;  etnpfaf)!, 
cmpfof)Ien),  to  commend,  recom- 
mend. 

cm^jfinbcn  (empfanb,  etnpfunben),  to 
feel,  experience. 

em^or,  up,  upwards,  on  high,  aloft. 


emporbringcn  (brad^tc  entpor,  ciu);m'ii 
gebrad^t),  to  raise  up  or  forward, 
promote. 

cmpori^cben  (f)ob  empor,  cmporge^o* 
ben),  to  raise  up. 

\i6)  emporf(^mingen  (fc^toang  cmpor, 
emporgef(f)tt)ungen),  to  rise  or  soar 
up. 

bag  ©nbc  (-g,  -n),  end,  termina- 
tion; aim,  purpose,  object. 

enbgiiWtg,  final. 

enblid^,  final,  last;  finally,  at  last. 

enbloi^,  endless,  infinite. 

\iit  ©nbung  (-,  -en),  ending. 

englift^,  English. 

bag  ©nglifc^c  (-n),  English  (lan- 
guage). 

ber  ©nfcl  (-g,  -),  grandson. 

tiit  ©ntberfung  (-,  -en),  disco  very  ^ 
disclosure. 

cntfattctt  (er  entfallt;  entfiel,  ift  ent* 
fallen),  to  fall  from  or  out  of. 

cntgcltcn  (er  entgilt;  entgalt,  ent* 
golten),  to  suffer  for,  atone  for. 

cnt^ alien  (er  entfialt;  entf)ielt,  entfial^^ 
ten),  to  hold,  contain. 

cntne^mcn  (er  entnimmt;  cntna^im, 
entnommen),  to  take  away  or 
from,  borrow  from. 

entfc^ulbtgen,  to  excuse. 

entfcnbcn  (entfanbte,  cntfanbt),  to 
send  off. 

entfprcc^cnb,  suitable,  correspond- 
ing. 

entujebcr,  either. 

hit  @nttt)i(Httng  (-,  -en),  develop- 
ment. 

entstucibreci^en  (er  brid^t  entatoel;  brac& 
entatuet,  entsmeigebrod^en),  to  brea* 
in  two,  asunder. 

evlbauen,  to  build  up,  erect. 


VOCABULARY 


207 


ha^  Qtht  (-0),  inheritance,  herit- 
age. 

crMic^,  hereditary,  heritable. 

ba^  (SrWcit  (~^,  -c),  inheritance. 

bcr  (SrbbaE  M),  globe,  world. 

bk  ©rbe  (-,  -n),  earth,  world; 
ground,  soil. 

bag  ©rbcnrunb  (-e«),  ^ee  (grbball. 

bag  ^rbgefrffofe  (-ffeg,  -ffe),  ground 
floor. 

hit  @rbfunbe  (-),  knowledge  of  the 
earth,  geography,  geology. 

ber  @rbtci(  (-eg,  -t),  part  of  the 
world,  continent. 

crfalftrctt  (er  erfiif)rt;  crfulir,  crfal^rcn), 
to  learn,  come  to  know. 

ble  ©rfinbung  (-,  -en),  invention. 

crfolgcn  {aux.  feln),  follow  from,  re- 
sult. 

ergreifen  (ergrlff,  crgriffen),  to  lay 
hold  of,  seize. 

eri^ alien  (er  tv\)alt;  tx^idi,  erfialten), 
to  keep,  uphold,  maintain,  re- 
ceive. 

etl^eblid^,  important,  considerable, 
weighty. 

crfcnnen  (erfanntc,  erfannt),  to  know; 
to  recognize. 

erflarcn,  to  explain;  to  declare. 

fid^  erfunbtgcn,  to  inquire. 

erleibcn  (erlitt,  erittten),  to  suffer, 
endure,  undergo. 

crlijfcftcn  (er  erllfc^t;  erlofc^,  ift  er* 
lofd^en),  to  extinguish,  go  out, 
become  effaced. 

crmittein,  to  find  out. 

etna^ren,  to  nourish,  support, 
maintain. 

crnft,  earnest,  serious,  grave. 

bie  Qtohttnnq  (-,  -en),  conquest, 
acquisition  (by  conquest). 


crSffnen,  to  open,  unclose;  to  dis- 
close, publish, 

erratcn  (er  errclt;  erriet,  crraten),  to 
guess,  divine. 

crreic^cn,  to  reach,  attain. 

erricftten,  to  erect,  set  up,  found. 

erf(^aHen  {aux.  fein),  to  resound, 
ring. 

erfcftUcfecn  (erfd^Iog,  erfd^Ioffen),  to 
open,  unlock;  to  disclose;  to  con- 
clude, infer. 

crfcftrcrfcn  (er  erfd^ricft;  crfc^raf,  ift 
erfd^rocfen),  to  be  frightened, 
alarmed,  startled. 

crft,  firstly,  for  the  first  time;  not 
until;  only;  but  just;  htv,  bie, 
bag  — e,  the  first;  — er,  — e,  — eg, 
first,  foremost. 

erftaunen  (aux,  fein),  to  be  aston- 
ished, surprised. 

crteilen,  to  impart,  give,  bestow. 

ethjad^fen  (er  ertoad^ft;  ernjud^g,  ift  er* 
n)ad^fen),  to  grow,  grow  up. 

erlDarten,  to  look  for,  expect,  await. 

bie  (^toaxinnq  (-,  -en),  expectation, 
anticipation. 

crtoeifen  (ertoieg,  ertolefen),  to  prove, 
show,  render. 

ertoibcrn,  to  reply,  answer. 

ersafften,  to  tell,  relate. 

bie  ©rjal^lung  (-,  -en),  narration; 
narrative,  account,  story. 

crjiel^eii  (ergog,  eraogen),  to  rear, 
bring  up,  educate. 

bcr  (Sfel  (-g,  -),  ass,  donkey. 

cPar,  edible,  eatable. 

cffcn  (er  ifet;  a6,  gegeffen),  to  eat. 

bag  @ffcn  (-g),  eating,  food,  meal. 

ber  ©fetiftft  (-e^^  -c)/  dining- table. 

bag  @ft5tmmcr  (-g,  -),  dining-room. 

cttDtt,  perhaps,  indeed,  nearly,  about. 


208 


beginners'   GERMAN 


titt)a§,  something,  somewhat, 
some;  a  little. 

cucr  (eurc,  cuer),  your;  gen.  of  il^r. 

cttJtg,  always,  eternally,  forever. 

bie  @njt(|fcit  (-,  -en),  eternity. 

ba^  ©jamcn  (-6,  -tnina),  examina- 
tion. 

bie  ©gpcbttion  (-,  -en),  dispatch, 
forwarding,  expedition. 

bk  fjofirif  (-,  -en),  factory,  manu- 
factory. 

ber  gaben  (-^,  •^),  thread. 

bit  Saline  (-,  -n),  flag,  banner. 

fasten  (er  fdf)rt;  ful^r,  ift  or  f)at  gefalfi* 
rcn),  to  go  (in  a  conveyance),  go 
on;  to  proceed,  travel,  drive, 
sail,  journey. 

bie  i^aftoxti  (-,  -en),  agency;  fac- 
tory. 

fatten  (er  fiittt;  ftel,  ift  gefallen),  to 
fall,  drop. 

bk  Samilic  (-,  -n),  family. 

fangcn  (er  fdngt;  ftng,  fiefangen),  to 
catch,  take  prisoner. 

bk  ?yarbc  (-,  -n),  color. 

faff  en,  to  seize. 

faft,  almost,  nearly. 

foul,  lazy;  foul,  rotten. 

bie  fjauft  (-,  -^e),  fist. 

ber  gcbruar  (-«),  February. 

bie  Scbcr  (-,-n),  feather,  quill,  pen. 

fcl^lcn,  to  miss,  fail;  to  be  missing 
or  absent;  to  be  wanting  or  de- 
ficient; to  ail. 

ber  fjc^ler  (-^,  -),  mistake,  fault. 

ber  i^tkxtaq  (-e§,  -e),  holiday,  fes- 
tival. 

ber  geinb  (-e^,  -e),  enemy. 


ba^  ??elb  (-e8,  -er),  field. 

ber  gcli^  (-en,  -en)  or  ber  gelfen 
(-^,  -),  rock,  cliff. 

ba^  gclfenrtff  (-e«,  -e),  reef,  ridge 
or  ledge  of  rock. 

ba^  gcnfter  (-«,  -),  window. 

bk  fjerien  {pi.  only)^  vacation,  holi- 
days. 

fern,  far  (off),  distant. 

fertig,  ready;  complete. 

feft,  fast,  firm,  hard. 

bie  Seftftcttung  (-,  -en),  the  deter- 
mining, establishment,  the  fixing. 

ber  fjefttag  (-e«,  -e),  holiday,  festi- 
val day. 

finben  (fanb,  gefunben),  to  find;  fid^ 
— ,  to  find  one's  self;  to  be  (in 
condition,  place). 

ber  Singer  (-^,  -),  finger. 

ber  gldc^feninftaft  (-g,  -e),  surface, 
contents,  area. 

bie  gramme  (-,  -en),  flame. 

Pattern,  to  flutter,  float  in  the  wind. 

ba^  SJIcifcId  (-eg),  flesh,  meat. 

f(etfttg,  industrious,  diligent. 

fltegen  (flog,  ift  geflogen),  to  fly. 

flicficn  (flofe,  ift  gefloffen),  to  flow. 

bie  fjlottc  (-,  -n),  fleet,  navy. 

ber  Slur  (-e^,  -e),  hall,  corridor. 

ber  S^ug  (-ffeg,  -^ffe),  flow,  stream, 
river,  circulation. 

folgen  {dat.),  (aux.  fein),  to  follow. 

fotgcnbermaftcn,  as  follows,  in  the 
following  manner. 

forbcrn,  to  demand,  require;  to 
summon,  challenge. 

bie  i^oxm  (-,  -en),  form,  figure, 
shape. 

ber  gorfc^cr  (-g,  -),  searcher,  in- 
vestigator. 

bag  Sort  (-«,  -g),  fort,  fortress. 


VOCABULARY 


209 


fort,  on;  away,  off;  forward,  on- 
ward. 

furticftc^cn  (beftanb  fort,  fortbeftan* 
ben),  to  last,  endure,  continue  to 
exist. 

fortfatircn  (er  fiijrt  fort;  ful^r  fort,  ift 
fortgefa^ren),  to  depart,  drive  off 
or  away,  travel  off;  to  continue, 
proceed,  go  on. 

fortfdjirciten  (fd^ritt  fort,  ift  fortgc* 
fci^ritten),  to  move  onward,  make 
progress,  improve  or  advance. 

ber  Sortfc^ritt  (-eg,  -c),  progress, 
advance,  improvement. 

btc  fjortfc^ung  (-,  -en),  carrying  on, 
continuation. 

forttrcilben  (trieb  fort,  fortgctricbcn), 
to  drive  away  or  onward;  to  pro- 
pel, carry  on;  to  continue. 

bic  f?ragc  (-,  -n),  question. 

fraqen,  to  ask. 

granfrctc^i  (-g;  neut,),  France. 

ber  St^an^ofc  (-n,  -n),  Frenchman. 

franjofifc^,  French. 

bag  gransofifd^e  (-n),  French  (lan- 
guage). 

btc  Srau  (-,  -en),  woman,  wife, 
madam,  Mrs. 

bag  Srdulcin  (-g,  -),  young  (un- 
married) lady.  Miss. 

fret,  free,  at  liberty;  —  tiaben,  to 
have  a  vacation. 

bie  Srci^eit  (-,  -en),  freedom. 

fretlid^,  to  be  sure,  of  course,  cer- 
tainly. 

frelfpre^cn  (er  fprid^t  fret;  fprad^  fret, 
freigcfprod^en),  to  acquit. 

ber  Sreitag  (-g,  -e),  Friday. 

ber  Sreimitttge  (-n,  -n),  volunteer. 

^tm'^t  strange,  foreign;  unknown, 
unusual. 


bte  Srcmbc,  foreign  country;  in  ber 

— ,  abroad. 
freffen  (er  frlfet;  frag,  fiefrcffen),  to 

eat  {oj  beasts). 
bie  S^^eubc  (-,  -n),  joy,  gladness, 

delight,  pleasure. 
freubig,  joyful,  cheerful. 
freuen,  to  make  glad,  please,  give 

pleasure  to;  fic^  —  (liber  or  gen.), 

to  rejoice,  be  glad,  be  pleased, 
ber  greunb  (-eg,  -e),  friend, 
bte    Sreunbin    (-,    -nen),    female 

friend. 
frcuttblid^,  friendly,  kind,  cheerful, 
bte  greunbft^aft  (-,  -en),  friendship, 
ber  ?Jrtebe(n)  (-ng,  -n),  peace. 
frier  en  (fror,  gefroren),  to  freeze,  be 

cold. 
frifd^,  fresh,  vigorous. 
frol^,  happy,  gay,  joyous. 
frij^lid^,  joyous,  joyful,  gay,  merry, 
ber  Sro^ittn  (-(0^)/  cheerfulness, 

happy  disposition. 
fromm,  pious,  upright,  honest, 
bie  fjrud^t  (-,  -^e),  fruit, 
friift,  early. 

bag  Srii^ja^r  (-(e)g,  -e),  spring, 
ber  griitjling  (-g,  -e),  spring, 
bag  ffru^ftitrf  (-g,  -e),  breakfast. 
fit^len,  to  feel. 
fii^ren,  to  lead,  carry  (on), 
ber  Su^rmann  (-eg,  -leute),  coach- 
man, driver, 
fitnf,  five;  fiinfte,  fifth. 
fiinffad^,     fivefold     (times);     bag 

giinffad^c,  portion  five  times  as 

great,  quintuplet. 
funfein,  to  glitter,  shine,  sparkle, 
fiir  {ace),  for. 
btc  f^urc^t  ir),  fear;  —  tor,  fear 

of. 


2IO 


BEGINNERS     GERMAN 


fiircfttcn,  to  fear. 

bcr  fjiirft  (-en,  -tn),  prince,  sover- 
eign. 

fitrtoai^r,  indeed,  forsooth,  verily. 

ber  gufe  H^/  '^^),  foot;  gu  — ,  on 
foot. 

bcr  Sufeboben  (-6,  -  or  ■^),  floor. 

ber  ffufegangcr  (-«,  -),  pedestrian. 

hit  SJufercife  (-,  -n),  walking  tour. 


bic  @abc(  (-,  -n),  fork. 

bcr  ©algcn  (-^,  -),  gallows. 

bcr  @ang  (-c^,  -^c),  path;  hall,  cor- 
ridor. 

bic  Q^an^  (-,  ^t),  goose. 

gatlj,  whole,  entire,  all,  complete. 

gar,  quite,  entirely,  very,  at  all; 
prepared;  —  nid^t,  not  at  all;  — 
nid^tg,  nothing  at  all. 

ber  ©arten  {-^,  ^),  garden. 

bcr  ©drtncr  (-«,  -),  gardener. 

bo^  (^a\i\)avi^  (-eg,  ^er),  hotel, 
inn. 

gebarett  (fie  Qcbiert;  gcbar,  gcborcn),  to 
bear,  give  birth  to. 

ha^  ©cbdubc  {-%,  -),  building. 

gcbcn  (er  ^\hi\  i^ah,  gcQeben),  to  give; 
c6  fiibt,  there  is  (are). 

hcL^  ©cbict  (-e«,  -c),  district,  prov- 
ince, territory. 

geboren,  born,  by  birth,  native. 

bic  ©cfiurt  (^,  -en),  birth,  origin, 
family. 

ber  ©eburti^tag  (-(c)^,-c),  birthday. 

bic  ©cbanfctttoclt  (-,  -en),  thought 
world,  ideal  world. 

gebenfen  (gebac^tc,  gebac^t),  to  re- 
member; to  intend,  design,  plan. 

bag  @cbt(^t  (-eg,  -e),  poem. 


bic  ^ebulb  (-),  patience,  endurance, 

forbearance. 
gefaKett  (er  gefiillt;  sefiel,  gefaffcn; 

dat.)j  to  please,  suit. 
gegen,  prep,  {ace),  towards, against; 

about,  somewhere  near, 
bcr  ©cgcnftanb    (-c^,  -^c),   object, 

subject,  affair. 
ha^  ©cgcntcil  (-c^,  -e),  opposite, 

contrary. 
gCgCttiiber,    adv.,    opposite;    prep. 

{with  dat.   preceding),   opposite 

(to),  opposed  to,  in  relation  to, 

as  concerns, 
ble  ©cgcnttjart  (-),  present  time; 

presence. 
gc^en  (ging,  ift  gcgangen),  to  go, 

walk;  to  go  or  fare  with;  to  be 

(in  health);  bag  gef)t  nic^t,  that 

will  not  do. 
gcl^ijren  {dat.),  to  belong  to. 
ber  @cift  (-eg,  -er),  spirit,  soul,  mind, 

intellect;  f)umanen  ©elfteg,  of  the 

spirit  of  culture. 
gcifttg,  spirituous,  spiritual;  men- 
tal, intellectual, 
bag  ©cflirr  (-g,  -c),  clanking. 
gclangcn  {aux.  feln),  to  reach,  arrive 

at,  attain  (to),  get. 
gclb,  yellow. 

bag  ©clb  (-eg,  -cr),  money, 
bcr  ©clbfarf  (-eg,  -^e),  money-sack, 

bag. 
gelegentlid^,  occasional,  incidental, 

on  an  occasion,  on  occasion  of. 
gclcftrt,  learned,   instructed,   well- 
informed, 
ber  ©clcl^rte  (-n,  -n;  ein  — r),  learned 

person,  scholar. 
geUngcn  (eg  gelingt  mir;  gelang,  ift 

gelungen),  to  succeed,  prosper. 


VOCABULARY 


211 


gcmcittfam,  common,  held  in  com- 
mon. 

gcmittlid^,  good-natured,  kindly, 
agreeable,  cheerful;  cozy. 

gcnau,  close  (fitting),  accurate, 
minute,  exact. 

bcr  ©cnittti  (or  -ctit),  -«,  -c),  geni- 
tive (case). 

genug,  enough,  sufficiently. 

bcr  (3coioq  (-en,  -en),  geologist. 

ba6  ©e^kuber  (-«,  -),  chatter. 

g(e)rabe,  straight,  erect;  even; 
straightforward;  quite,  just. 

ba6  ©crid^t  (-e^,  -c),  court  of  jus- 
tice, judgment. 

gering,  small,  little,  trifling,  unim- 
portant. 

ber  ©crmancnftamm  (-eg,  ^c),  Ger- 
manic family,  race,  stem. 

gent  (Ueber,  am  liebften),  with  pleas- 
ure, willingly,  readily;  —  Ijiabcn, 
to  like. 

bie  @efamt0et)blferung  (-,  -^n), 
total  population. 

bcr  ©efamtmcrt  (-e8,  -e),  total 
value  (worth,  price). 

bcr  @efang  (-e«,  -^c),  singing,  song. 

bag  ©eft^aft  (-eg,  -e),  employment, 
occupation,  business. 

geftffc^en  (eg  0cfd^ie()t;  gefc^al^,  ift  ge* 
fd^e{)en),  to  happen. 

bie  ©efcfttd^te  (-,  -en),  history, 
story,  affair. 

bag  ©efdftmeibc  (-g,  -),  trinkets, 
jewels. 

bag  ©efdftofe  (-ffeg,  -ffe),  arrow,  fire- 
arm; floor,  story. 

btc  @ef(fttoifter  (pi.  only),  brother(s) 
and  sister  (s). 

ber  @cfeff(e)  (-(e)n,  -(e)n),  com- 
panion, fellow. 


bie  ©efettMaft  (-,  -en),  society,  as- 
sociation, company,  social  gath- 
ering. 

bag  @cfe^  (-eg,  -e),  law. 

bie  ©efe^gebung  (-, -en),  legislation. 

gefe^t,  fixed,  established,  set  up; 
sedate. 

bag  ©efic^t  (-eg,  -er  or  -e),  sight, 
countenance,  face. 

gefinnt,  minded,  disposed. 

geftern,  yesterday. 

gefunb,  sound,  healthy,  well. 

bie  ©efunbfteit  (-,  -en),  health. 

bag  ©etreibe  (-g,  -),  corn,  grain; 
bag  ©etretbefom  (-g,  -^er),  cereal, 
grain. 

getreulitft,  faithfully. 

genjalttg,  powerful,  strong,  mighty. 

bag  ©enjdffer  (-g,  -),  water  (collec- 
tive),  flood. 

getocrBlid^,  industrial,  professional. 

bie  ^eminnung  (-,  -en),  gain(ing); 
acquisition. 

gettiift,  sure(ly),  certain(ly). 

bag  ©ehJtffen  (-g,  -),  conscience. 

genjd^nli(^,  usual,  ordinary,  cus- 
tomary, common. 

bag  ©ettJiirs  (-eg,  -e),  spice,  season- 
ing. 

ber  (SJehiiirsl^anbel  (-g),  spice  trade, 
commerce  in  spice. 

gicrig,  greedy. 

ber  ©t^jfel  (-g,  -),  summit,  top. 

ber  ^(ans  (-eg),  luster,  brightness, 
splendor,  magnificence,  glory. 

gldnjenb,  brilliant,  splendid. 

bag  &ia^  (-eg,  -^r),  glass,  drinking 
glass,  etc. 

bcr  ©lofer  (-g,  -),  glazier. 

glauben,  to  believe,  think. 

gleid^,  alike,  even,  level,  equal. 


212 


beginners'   GERMAN 


gtcie^giifttg,  equivalent,  indifferent. 

ba^  ©Itcb  (-eg,  -cr),  member,  link; 
rank  or  file. 

gli^ern,  to  glitter,  glisten. 

bag  ©liirf  (-eg),  luck,  fortune,  suc- 
cess, happiness. 

gliirfHc^,  fortunate,  lucky,  happy, 
successful. 

glii^en,  glow,  burn. 

W  (SJnabc  (-,  -n),  favor,  good- will, 
grace,  mercy. 

bag  @oIb  (-eg),  gold. 

golben,  golden,  gilt. 

W  ©olbfiiftc  (-,  -n),  gold-coast. 

ber  (^oii  (-eg,  ^er),  God,  god. 

ber  ©outjerncur  (-g,  -e),  governor. 

bag  (iJrab  (-eg,  -^er),  grave. 

bag  ©ra^  (-eg,  ^er),  grass. 

grau,  gray. 

grauentjott,  awful,  horrible. 

grctfen  (griff,  gegriffen),  to  grasp. 

ber  @rei^  (-eg,  -e),  old  man. 

grtecftifc^,  Greek. 

bag  ©rtcc^ifcldc  (-n),  Greek  (lan- 
guage). 

groff,  tall;  grogere  %xqfi%  a  rather 
large  number. 

W  @rogc  (-,  -n),  tallness,  great- 
ness, size. 

griitt,  green. 

ber  ©runbbcri^cr  (-g,  -),  landed 
proprietor. 

griinben,  to  ground,  establish, 
found,  base. 

bie  ©runbform  (-,  -en),  fundamen- 
tal form(s)  (principal  parts). 

hit  ©riinbung  (-,  -en),  founding, 
foundation,  establishment. 

gritnen,  to  grow  or  be  green;  to 
thrive,  prosper. 

bic  @ruppe  (-,  -n),  group. 


griigeti,  to  greet. 

giittig,  valid,  legal,  binding,  ap- 
plicable, admissible. 

bie  @unft  (-),  favor. 

gut  (beffer,  beft),  good,  well. 

bag  @ttt  (-eg,  -^er),  good  thing,  pos- 
session, property,  goods,  estate, 
farm. 

ber  @i)mnafiaft  (-en,  -en),  pupil  of 
a  ®i)mnafium. 

bag  @l)mnafmm  (-g,  -ien),  German 
higher  school  in  which  the  clas- 
sical languages  are  emphasized. 


bag  ^aar  (-eg,  -e),  hair. 

ftaficn  (er  ()at;  f)atte,  gel^abt),  to  have. 

ber  ^afcn  (-g,  ■^),  haven,  port,  har- 
bor. 

ftalii,  half. 

W  Jpalbfugcl  (-,  -n),  hemisphere. 

ber  ^alm  (-eg,  -e),  blade,  stalk. 

ber  ^al^  (-eg,  -^e),  neck. 

l^atten  (er  f)a(t;  f)lelt,  ge()alten),  to 
hold,  keep;  to  support,  main- 
tain; to  contain;  to  celebrate;  to 
think. 

bie  ^anb  (-,  -^e),  hand. 

ber  ^anbel  (-g),  trade,  commerce, 
affair,  business. 

W  ^anbcli^beste^ung  (-,  -en),  com- 
mercial relations. 

hit  ^anbel^flottc  (-,  -n),  commer- 
cial fleet,  fleet  of  merchantmen. 

bie  ^anbel^meberloffung  (-,  -en), 
commercial  settlement,  colony. 

bie  ^anbcli^ftabt  (-,  -^e),  commercial 
city. 

ber  ^anbcli^toeg  (-eg,  -e),  path  of 
commerce. 


VOCABULARY 


213 


hit  ^anhlnm  (-/  '^^)t  action,  busi- 
ness, trade,  shop. 

bcr  ^anhtr)ttUhm{tt^c  (-n,-n),  trav- 
eling artisan,  journeyman. 

bic  ^anfa  (-),  Hanseatic  league. 

hit  ^anfoftabt  (-,  ^c),  city  of  the 
Hanseatic  league. 

f^att,  hard,  harsh,  severe,  cruel,  ob- 
stinate, difficult. 

i^aftUc^,  hateful,  loathsome,  ugly, 
unpleasant. 

bcr  ^an^  (-c«,  -c),  breath,  breeze, 
aspiration. 

^auen  (!)lcb,  gcf)auen),  to  hew,  cut; 
to  lash,  strike,  beat. 

ha^  ^anpt  (-e^,  -^cr),  head,  chief. 

bic  ^auptfadfte  (-,  -n),  chief  mat- 
ter, main  point. 

^au^tfac^liri^,  chief (ly),  principal, 
main. 

bie  ^amjtftabt  (-,  -^e),  chief  city, 
capital. 

bie  ^au^tftraftc  (-,  -n),  main  street. 

ba^  ^an^tttii  (rt^,  -t),  principal 
part. 

ha^  ^anpttt)oxi  (-c^,  ^tx),  noun. 

ba^  ^an^  (-e^,  -^er),  house;  nad^ 
§aufc  Qcl^cn,  to  go  home;  ju  §aufc, 
at  home. 

bic  ^au^int  (-,  -en),  front  door. 

i^cbcn  (f)ob,  gcf)obcn),  to  raise,  lift. 

ha^  ^ccr  (-e^,  -c),  army. 

ha^  ^cft  (-e^,  -e),  handle,  stitched  or 
paper-covered  book;  copy-book. 

bie  ^ctbe  (-,  -n),  heath,  unculti- 
vated land. 

bag  ^tihtnxMUin  {-^,  -),  little  rose 
on  the  heath. 

^cil!  hail! 

f)txl\Q,  holy. 

i^cim,  home,  homeward. 


bic  ^eimat  (-),  home,  native  place 

or  country. 
l^ctmatUt^,    native,    belonging    to 

one's  home. 
l^eimltc^,  secret  (ly). 
bcr  ^ctmttjcg  (-eg,  -c),  way  or  road 

home. 
l^Ctfe,  hot. 
i^eigen  (l^icg,  gel^ctfecn),  to  command; 

to  be  named,  called;  to  mean. 
i^eitcr,  bright,  cheerful, 
bic  ^clbcntat  (-,  -en),  heroic  deed, 
bcr  ^dbcnbatcr  (-8,  -«-cr),  hero(ic) 

father. 
iftclfen  (er  fiilft;  W^r  9cl)oIfcn;  dat.), 

to  help;  to  profit,  avail;  to  do 

good. 
5ctt,  clear,  bright. 
Iftcnfcn,  to  hang, 
bic  ^etinc  (-,  -n),  hen. 
l^cr,  hither,  this  way,  near,  since, 

ago. 
f)txah^aUtn  (er  fiillt  l^crab;  fid  Ificrab, 

ift  l^erabgef alien),  to  fall  down. 
^croBfteigen  (ftieg  fjcrab,  ift  l^crabgc* 

ftiegen),  to  descend,  dismount. 
ftcrantnaciftfctt  (er  mcid^ft  l^cran;  h)ud^« 

Scran,  ift  J^crangenjad^fen),  to  grow 

up. 
i^craui^fcnbcn  (fanbtc  Ificrau^,  ^txau^^ 

gcfanbt),  to  send  out. 
bcr  ^txh^t  (-eg,  -c),  autumn, 
bcr  ^crfiftmonat  (-«,  -c),  autumn 

month. 
l^ercin!  (come)  in! 
IJcrfa^rcn  (er  faf)rt  l^cr;  ful^r  ^tx,  ift 

Ificrgcfafircn),  to  come  hither,  ap- 
proach,   arrive    in    a    vehicle, 

move  or  drive  hastily  along. 
l^ermarfr^tcrcn  {aux.  fein),  to  march 

hither  or  along,  approach. 


214 


beginners'    GERMAN 


bcr  J&crr  (-n,  -en),  master,  lord, 

gentleman,  Mr. 
bcr  ^crrfd^cr  (-«,  -),  ruler,  sover- 
eign, commander, 
bcr    ^crrfd^ertl^ron     M,    -c(n)  ), 

ruler's  throne. 
i^crumltegcn    (lag   l^erum,   l^cruntQc* 

IcQcn),  to  lie  around. 
fteruntcrl^olcn,  to  bring  down. 
titvi)ovtommcn  {tarn  l)txt>ox,  ift  l^cr* 

t)orgcfoTntncn),    to    come    forth 

(out,  up),  appear, 
bag  ^crs  (-cn^,  -en),  heart. 
ffCt^idi,  hearty,  cordial,  afiEection- 

ate. 
fittttt,  to-day. 
l^eutig,  of  to-day,  of  the  present 

time. 
l^tcr,  here. 

i^icrattf,  hereupon,  upon  this,  then, 
bcr  ^mmd  (-«,  -),  heaven,  sky. 
bic  $tmmcl^au(c)  (-,  -(c)n),  fields 

or  meadows  of  heaven. 
^tmmlifdfl,  heavenly. 
^tna^jagcn,  to  hunt  (drive,  chase) 

down. 
IftinabttJcrfcn   (er  h)irft  \)imh;  toarf 

f)inab,  f)inabgctDorfcn),  to  throw 

down. 
l^inauf,  up  (thither),  up  to. 
i^inaui^fci^cn  (er  ftcE)t  f)inau«;  fal^  l^in* 

an^,  ^inau^gcfcfien),  to  look  out. 
l^inein,  into. 
fttnctnrufcn  (rief  |)lncin,  !)incinQcru* 

fen),  to  call  in  or  into. 
^tncinfden,  to  sow  into  (the  ground), 
bic    <$tngabe    (-),    giving    away, 

surrender,  devotion. 
i^tngebett  (cr  gibt  ()in;  gab  bin/  bingc=» 

gcbcn),  to  give  to  (away);  to  sur- 
render, sacrifice. 


l^tttlegett,  to  lay  down;  to  put  away; 

fid^  — ,  to  lie  down. 
l^ittfid^tnii^,  with  regard  to,  as  to, 

touching. 
jointer  {witk  dat.  or  ace),  behind, 

after. 
l^iniibcrsie^ctt  (jog  btnilbcr,  btnttbcr* 

gcsogen),  to  pull  over;  to  pass 

over,  extend. 
i^itiautrcten  (cr  tritt  binju;  trat  l^ingu,  ift 

binsugctretcn),  to  step  up  to,  join, 
bcr  ^irt  (-en,  -en),  shepherd. 
^oc^  (^o^cr,  bod^ft),  high,  tall,  great, 

noble. 
i^oc^i^cilig,  most  holy, 
bic  ^o^\6)vXt  (-,  -n),  higher  school 

or  university, 
bcr  ,!&of  (-c^,  -^c),  yard,  courtyard; 

court,  household  (of  a  sovereign) . 
Iioffcn,  to  hope. 
l^offcntUcft,  (as)  I  hope. 
hit  ^oi)t  (-,  -n),  height,  high  level; 

summit,  top;  mountain. 
^olb,  pleasing,  charming,  lovely, 
l^oten,    to    fetch,    get;    to    draw 

(breath), 
bcr  ^oUanbcr  (-«,  -),  Dutchman. 
\>(x^  ^olj  (-c«,  -e  or  ^tx),  wood, 
^forcn,  to  hear, 
bcr  ^iigcl  (-«,  -),  hill. 
l^uman,  tending  to  refine,  cultural, 
bcr  ^uttb  (-eg,  -e),  dog. 
Iiunbcrt,  hundred, 
bcr  hunger  (-«),  hunger. 
ftungcrn,    to   hunger,    be   hungry, 

starve. 
l^ungrig,  hungry, 
bcr  $ut  (-c8,  -"^c),  hat;  cover, 
bcr  filter  (-g,  -),  guardian,  keeper, 
bcr  ^utmaci^cr  (-«,  -),  hat-maker, 

hatter. 


VOCABULARY 


215 


tftr  {nom,  pL  of  bu),  you;  {dat, 
of  ftc),  to  her;  poss.  adj.,  her, 
their,  your;  poss.  pron.,  hers,  its, 
theirs. 

tftrtgc  (ber,  bic,  ba«  — ),  hers,  its, 
theirs;  {with  cap.),  yours;  bit 
S^xi^tn,  your  family. 

tm=iTi  bent. 

immcr,  always,  ever,  more  and 
more,  continually. 

in  (dat.),  in,  at;  (ace),  into. 

inbeffen,  meantime,  meanwhile; 
while,  however,  nevertheless. 

bcr  ^nbtaner  {-^,  -),  Indian. 

ber  ^ttbifatb  (-(e)^,  -e),  indica- 
tive (mood). 

ber  Sngcnicur  (-^,  -e),  engineer. 

ber  Sn^att  (-e6),  contents. 

tnnen,  within. 

innttoofjncnh,  indwelling,  innate, 
inherent. 

in^  =  in  ha^, 

in^ftcfonbcrc,  especially. 

bic  Sttfcl  (-,  -n),  island. 

tnfotneit,  in  as  far  as,  so  far,  accord- 
ing as. 

tntcreffottt,  interesting. 

ha^  Stttcrcffc  {-^,  -n),  interest,  ad- 
vantage. 

xntcxnaUonalf  international. 

tntticnbig,  inside,  within. 

Stalicn  (-^;  neut.),  Italy. 

itoliemfc^,  Italian. 

3 

ja,  yes;  indeed,  truly,  certainly, 

you  know,  of  course, 
bag  Sai^r  (-e6,  -e),  year. 


bk  3al^rC)§5clt  {-,  -en),  time  of  year, 

season. 
ha^  3[a^r^unbcrt  (-3,  -e),  century. 
jd^rtg,  year  long,  lasting  a  year, 
bcr  Sanuar  (-8),  January. 
it,  always,  at  a  time,  each;  {before 

comparatives),  the;  —  .  «  .  befto, 

the  .  .  .  the. 
jcbenfatt)^,  at  all  events,  in  any  case, 

however. 
jcb  ( — er,  — e,  — eg),  each,  every, 
iebcrjctt,  at  all  times. 
ichc^mai,  each  (every)  time, 
jebod^^  however,  nevertheless,  yet. 
jcmanb,  some  one. 
icn  ( — er,  — c,  — eg),  that  one,  the 

former. 
jc^t,  now. 

jc^ig,  present,  now  existing. 
hit  3ugcnb  (-),  youth,  young  peo- 
ple, 
ber  Sua  (-(g)),  July. 
i«ng,  young;  iiingfte  3cit,  recent 

time, 
ber  Sungc  (-n,  -n  or  -ng),  boy,  lad, 

youth. 
hit  Sungfrau  (-,  -en),  young  woman, 

virgin, 
ber  Sunt  (-(g)),  June, 
ber  (bag)  Sumct  (-g,  -c  or  -en), 

jewel,  gem. 


ber  ^ajfcc  (-g,  -g),  coffee. 

bic  ^offcctaffe  (-,  -n),  coffee  cup. 

ber  ^at)n  (-g,  ^e),  boat. 

ber  5latfcr  (-g,  -),  emperor;  bic  ^ai* 

ferin  (-,  -nen),  empress, 
bic  ^aifcrfomtlie  (-,  -n),  imperial 

family,  family  of  the  emperor. 
lax^ttio§,  without  an  emperor. 


2l6 


beginners'   GERMAN 


bie  Slaifcrhjiitbc  (-,  -n),  oflace  or 
position  of  the  emperor;  see 
iffiiirbe, 

fait,  cold. 

ber  ^amcrab  (-6  or  -en,  -en),  com- 
rade, companion,  fellow. 

ber  ^omm  (-e6,  -^e),  comb. 

fammcn,  to  comb. 

f am^jfen,  to  fight,  combat,  struggle. 

ber  ^am^jf  (-e^,  -^e),  battle,  combat. 

ble  5lampfc^luft  (-),  eager  desire  for 
battle. 

bag  5lapital  (-«,  -ten),  capital, 
principal. 

ber  ^a^Jttolift  (-en,  -en),  capitalist. 

bie  ^artc  (-,  -n),  card,  map,  chart. 

ber  ^aftcn  (-g,  -),  box,  chest. 

bie  ^a^c  (-,  -n),  cat. 

faucn,  to  chew. 

faufcn,  to  buy,  purchase. 

ber  £aufmann  (-g,  -leute),  mer- 
chant, tradesman,  shopkeeper. 

faitm,  hardly,  scarcely;  —  .  . .,  fo 
. . .,  scarcely  .  .  .,  when  . . . 

bie  ^c^lc  (-,  -n),  throat. 

fci&rcn,  to  turn,  sweep. 

ber  ^cim  (-e«,  -e),  germ,  embryo. 

fcin,  not  any,  no,  not  a;  fein^  i)on 
beiben,  neither  of  the  two. 

ber  better  (-g,  -),  cellar. 

fcnncn  (fannte,  gefannt),  to  know, 
be  acquainted. 

bie  ^cnntni^  (-,  -ffe),  knowledge, 
information. 

ber  ^erl  (-eg,  -e),  fellow,  worthless 
fellow,  bad  character. 

fcut^cn,  to  pant,  gasp,  cough. 

tiOi^  5linb  (-eg,  -er),  child. 

ftnblt;^,  childlike,  childish. 

bie  ^irtftc  (-,  -n),  church. 

Ha  gen,  to  complain;  cinem  ti\Q^^ 


— ,  to  complain  to  one  of  some- 
thing. 

ber  ^(ang  (-eg,  -^e),  sound,  tone, 
ringing;  repute. 

f(ar,  clear,  bright. 

bie  5!laffc  (-,  -n),  class. 

bie  ^laffcnu^r  (-,  -en),  class  clock. 

bag  ^llaffcnsimmcr  (-g,  -),  class 
room. 

bag  ^Xctb  (-eg,  -er),  article  of  cloth- 
ing, garment,  dress. 

fictbcn,  to  clothe. 

ficin,  small,  little. 

flctnafiattfrfi,  of  i\sia  Minor. 

Wo|jfcn,  to  knock,  beat,  pK)und. 

flug,  intelligent,  clever,  wise. 

ber  ^nabc  (-n,  -n),  boy. 

bie  ^na^cnf d)ute  (-,  -n),  school  for 
boys. 

ber  ^nccftt  (-eg,  -c),  servant. 

fniipfen,  to  fasten  together,  join, 
tie,  knot. 

ber  ^od^  (-eg,  ^e),  cook. 

bie  ^oi^lc  (-,  -n),  coal. 

ber  or  bag  ^olonialbcrdtft  (-eg,  -e), 
colonial  province,  domain. 

bie  ^olonialmac^t  (-,  -^e),  colonial 
power. 

bie  Colonic  (-,  -n),  colony. 

ber  Slolomftttor  (-g,  -en),  colonizer. 

fommcn  (fant,  ift  gefommen),  to 
come,  arrive,  happen. 

bie  ^omlJagnie  (-,  -n),  company 
{military). 

bag  5lonbtmcnt  (-g,  -e),  seasoning. 

ber  ^ijmg  (-g,  -e),  king. 

bag  ^omgrctc^  (-eg,  -e),  kingdom, 
empire. 

bie  Conjugation  (-,  -en),  conjuga- 
tion. 

fonjugtcrcn,  to  conjugate. 


VOCABULARY 


217 


bcr  ^oniunftit)  (-(e)6,  -c),  sub- 
junctive (mood). 

tonmn  (er  farm;  fonntc,  gefonnt),  to 
be  able  to;  to  know,  understand. 

bcr  to^f  (-e^,  ^e),  head. 

ba^  ^t)|jftoc]^  (-e^,  -c  or  -en),  head- 
ache. 

ber  ^oxh  (-e6,  *e),  basket. 

ba6  5lorn  (-e6,  -^er;  Jfw.  ba^  ^drn* 
d^en),  grain. 

ber  5EiJrper  (-^,  -),  body. 

bie  ^iJr^crft^aft  (-,  -en),  corpora- 
tion, body. 

foftbar,  costly,  expensive,  valuable, 
excellent,  precious. 

fi^ftlic^,  costly,  excellent,  delicious. 

hit  ilraft  (-,  -^e),  strength,  vigor, 
power,  force,  energy. 

fraftig,  strong,  powerful,  forceful. 

frafttJOtt,  full  of  strength,  powerful. 

franf,  sick,  ill. 

bie  ^ranf^ictt  (-,  -en),  sickness,  ill- 
ness, disease. 

ber  ^rans  (-e^,  -^e),  garland,  wreath. 

ba^  ^xaut  (-e^,  -^er;  dim.  ba^  ^vauU 
lein),  herb,  plant,  vegetable, 
weed. 

bie  ^reibc  (-,  -n),  chalk,  crayon. 

ba^  ^reuj  (-e^,  -e),  cross,  crucifix. 

ber  ^reu55ug  (-e^,  ^e),  crusade. 

ber  trteg  (-(e)^,  -e),  war. 

ber  ^riegcr  M,  -),  warrior,  soldier. 

ber  ^rieg^tjcrt  (-(e)n,  -en),  com- 
mander-in-chief. 

ber  ^ron^rins  (-en,  -en),  crown 
prince. 

frumm,  crooked,  bent,  curved, 
twisted;  dishonest. 

bit  ^iiti^c  (-,  -en),  kitchen. 

ber  ^ucftctt  (-g,  -),  cake. 

ber  ^urfucf  (-(e)6,  -e),  cuckoo. 


bie  ^nf)  (-,  -^e),  cow. 

filial,  cool. 

fiinftig,  future,  coming. 

bit  tunft  (-,  ^e),  art,  skill. 

ber  ^urfiirft  (-en,  -en),  electoral 
prince. 

furio^,  curious,  singular. 

ber  ^urfu^  (-,  -fe),  course  (of  in- 
struction). 

furs,  short. 

bit  ^liifte  (-,  -n),  coast,  shore. 

bie  ^utft^c  (-,  -n),  carriage,  coach. 

ber  ^utfc^cr  (-^,  -),  coachman, 
driver. 


la^tln,  to  smile. 

lacftcn,  to  laugh. 

ber  Sabeti  (-^,  -^),  shop,  store. 

bie  Sage  (-,  -n),  situation,  position, 
condition. 

iaffxttf  lame,  crippled. 

ba^  Sanb  (-e^,  -e  or  ^er),  land,  soil; 
country;  state;  ju  — ,  by  land. 

bie  Sanbc^marf  (-,  -en),  border, 
boundary  of  a  country. 

bie  SanbCi^tJcrtrctung  (-,  -en),  na- 
tional body  of  representatives, 
diet,  parliament,  congress. 

ber  Sanbmann  (-e^,  -leute),  farmer, 
peasant. 

ber  Sanbi^mann  (-e^,  -^er),  country- 
man, compatriot. 

bie  Sanbftrafec  (-,  -en),  highroad, 
highway,  main  country  road. 

lang,  long;  lange,  a  long  time. 

bte  Sangc  (-,  -n),  length. 

langfam,  slow,  slowly. 

laffen  (er  lafet;  liefe,  gelaffen),  to  let, 
leave  (alone);  to  let  go;  to  cause 
or  have  (done). 


2l8 


beginners'    GERMAN 


bic  2aft  (-,  -en),  load,  burden. 

ba6  Satein  (-g),  Latin  (language). 

kteinifc^,  Latin. 

loufcn  (cr  ISuft;  lief,  ift  gelaufen),  to 
run. 

ba6  Saufcn  (-^),  running. 

laut,  loud,  noisy,  aloud. 

(autcn,  to  sound,  read. 

itbtn,  to  live. 

ba^  Scbcn  H,  -),  life. 

ber  ScBcn^gcnuft  (-f{e^,  -"-ffe),  enjoy- 
ment of  life. 

Icbcnjoi^n  farewell,  good-by! 

Icrfcn,  to  lick. 

legen,  to  lay,  put,  place;  ftd^  — ,  to 
lie  down. 

bte  Scgcnbc  (-,  -n),  legend. 

bie  2cl)ranfta(t  (-,  -en),  educational 
institution,  school. 

bie  Sciftrc  (-,  -n),  teaching,  theory, 
precept. 

Ic^rcn,  to  teach. 

ber  Scl^rer  (-«,  -),  teacher. 

bit  Sd^rerin  (-,  -nen),  (female) 
teacher. 

bic  Sc^rcrjaftl  (-),  number  of 
teachers. 

bag  Sci^rfad^  (-eg,  -^er),  subject  (or 
branch)  of  teaching. 

ber  Sd^rling  (-g,  -e),  apprentice. 

U\(ili,  light,  easy. 

Icib,  adj.  (used  with  feitt,  tun,  tDer* 
ben),  painful,  disagreeable;  eg  ift 
ntir  — ,  I  am  sorry;  eg  tut  mtr  — 
urn  ®te,  I  pity  you,  I  am  sorry 
for  you;  bte  "iPferbe  iattn  ii)m  — , 
he  was  sorry  for  the  horses. 

leiben  (Ittt,  gelitten)  an,  to  suffer 
from;  to  endure,  tolerate,  per- 
mit. 

Iciber,  unfortunately. 


(cifc,  low,  soft,  gentle. 

bic  Scftion  (-,  -en),  lesson. 

bic  Scrd^c  (-,  -n),  lark. 

Icrncn,  to  learn;  augn^enbig  — ,  to 
learn  by  heart. 

U^hax,  legible. 

Icfctt  (er  lieft;  lag,  gclefen),  to  gather, 
pick  out  or  up;  to  read. 

bag  Scfcftiirf  (-eg,  -e),  selection  for 
reading,  piece. 

le^t,  last,  latest,  latter. 

bie  Scnte  (^pL),  people,  men. 

ber  Seutnant  (-g,  -g),  lieutenant. 

bag  Stc^t  (-eg,  -er  or  -e),  light. 

Ixth,  dear,  beloved,  valued,  at- 
tractive, charming;  —  \)abm,  to 
love,  like,  be  fond  of. 

bit  Sicbc  (-),  love. 

licben,  to  love,  like. 

liebUd^,  charming  (ly). 

ber  Sickling  (-g,  -c),  favorite,  pet, 
darling. 

bog  Sicb  (-eg,  -er),  song. 

Hcgcn  (lag,  gelegen),  to  lie;  to  be 
situated. 

bit  Sinic  (-,  -n),  line;  in  erfter  — ,  in 
the  first  place. 

linf  (-C  or  -cr,  -c,  -eg),  left;  linfg, 
to  the  left,  on  the  left. 

bit  2xppc  {-,  -n),  lip. 

loiien,  to  praise. 

lodxq,  curly. 

ber  Soffcl  (-g,  -),  spoon. 

(ol^ncn,  to  reward;  eg  lo\)nt  \ici)  (ber 
SD^iifie),  it  is  worth  while. 

bag  Sorbccrbtatt  (-eg,  -^er),  laurel- 
leaf. 

lo§,  loose,  free,  released,  flowing. 

lufc,  loose;  dissolute. 

lijfctt,  to  loosen,  untie,  solve. 

lo^Qcfftn  (ging  log,  ift  loggegangen), 


VOCABULARY 


219 


to  come  or  go  off;  to  begin;  auf 
cinen  — ,  to  fly  at,  attack. 

bic  Sttft  (-,  -^c),  air,  atmosphere, 
breeze. 

bic  Suft  (-,  -^c),  pleasure,  joy,  de- 
light, desire. 

m 

madden,  to  make,  do;  to  cause, 
effect;  to  amount  to. 

bic  Ma^i  {-,  ^c),  might,  strength, 
power;  powerful  state, 

madfttig,  mighty,  powerful,  strong. 

ha^  McLt>6)tXi  (-^,  -),  girl,  maiden, 
maid. 

bic  Wia^^  (r,  ^t),  maid,  kitchen- 
maid,  general  servant. 

tna^Icn,  to  mill,  grind. 

bcr  aflat  (-  or  -t^),  May. 

bic  ajlaib  (-),  (poetical),  see  Wla^b, 

mat,  times,  time;  once. 

maUn,  to  paint. 

ber  SJlalcr  (-^,  -),  painter. 

man  (indec),  people,  one,  they. 

tnanc^  ( — er,  — c,  — e^),  many  (a), 
many  a  one,  much. 

mandftnal,  sometimes,  often. 

ber  SJlann  (-e6,  -^er),  man,  husband. 

bcr  SWantelfad  (-c«,  -^c),  portman- 
teau, saddlebag. 

ha^  Wlaxditn  (-g,  -),  (fairy)  tale, 
legend. 

bic  Matint  (-,  -n),  navy. 

bic  Mart  (-,  -en),  boundary,  bor- 
der country;  mark,  coin  =  about 
24  cents. 

bic  WlatU  (-,  -n),  stamp  (letter). 

ber  WlatU  (-t^,-^t), market, market- 
place. 

marfc^tcren  (aux.  fein),  to  march. 


bcr  ^ax^  (-en  or  -eg),  March. 
ha^  SJlatcrial  (-^,  -icn),  material, 

stock, 
bic  SD'latl^ematif  (-),  mathematics. 
ha^  aWaul   (-eg,  -^er),   mouth   (of 

beasts). 
bic  Wlau^  (-,  -"-c),  mouse. 
ba^  SWeer  (-eg,  -c),  sea, 
ntcerfremb,   strange  or  unused   to 

the  sea. 
bag  Wltifi  (-g),  meal,  flour,  powder, 
tnci^r    (generally    indec;    hut    pi., 

— ere),    more,    several;    further; 

—  alg,  more  than. 
bic   SRcftrsal^t    (-,   -en),    majority; 

plural  (number). 
tncin  ( — ,  — e,  — ),  my,  mine;  — er, 

— e,   — eg,   mine;    ber,   bie,   bag 

— (t0)e,  mine. 
tnctncn,  to  be  of  the  opinion,  think, 

suppose,  mean, 
bic    SJlcinung    (-,    -en),     notion, 

opinion,  intention,  thought,  will. 
tttcift  (superl.  of  mt^x),  most. 
tticiftcni^,  for  the  most  part,  mostly, 

generally, 
bic  SJlclobic  (-,  -en),  melody,  tune, 

air. 
bie  SJlctonc  (-,  -n),  melon, 
bic  SRcngc  (-,  -n),  great  quantity 

or  number;   multitude,   crowd, 

mass, 
ber  SKRenfc^  (-en,  -en),  human  being, 

person, 
bic  SDlenfc^iftcit  (-),  humanity,  man- 
kind. 
mcrfen,  to  mark,  observe,  perceive, 

note, 
bag  aWcffcr  (-g,  -),  knife, 
(ber)  midiacm  (ber —tag),  Michael- 
mas (day)  (Sept.  29th). 


220 


BEGINNERS     GERMAN 


bic  SJltcne  (-,  -n),  mien,  bearing, 
expression. 

Mc  mm  (-),  milk. 

ba^  Wlii(i)qla^  (-e^,  -^cr),  milk  glass. 

tnilb,  mild,  tender,  gentle,  kind, 
generous. 

ber  SJZUitarbicttft  (-eg,  -c),  military 
service. 

bie  9Jlitttarbc  (-,  -en),  milliard  (bil- 
lion). 

bie  SJlittion  (-,  -en),  million. 

bie  Wlxnt  {-,  -n),  mine. 

bie  mirmit  (-,  -n),  minute. 

miftgiittfttg,  envious,  jealous. 

ber  9Jltffionar  (-g,  -e),  missionary. 

tnit,  adv.  and  sep,  prefix,  along, 
along  with,  together;  {in  com- 
pounds), CO-,  fellow-;  prep,  (dat.), 
with,  along  with,  together,  at, 
to. 

tnitfidngcn  (brad^te  mit,  mitgebrad^t), 
to  bring  with  or  along. 

mitcinanbct,  with  one  another 
(each  other). 

bag  SJlttgltcb  (-g,  -er),  member. 

mttlaufcn  (er  lauft  mtt;  lief  mit,  ift 
mitgelaufen),  to  run  with,  along 
or  along  with. 

ber  SOlittag  (-g,  -e),  noon  (day). 

ha^  aWittagcffcn  (-g,  -),  noonday 
meal,  dinner. 

ha^  WlittdaUtt  (-«),  Middle  Ages. 

tnttten,  midway,  (in)  the  middle  of. 

bie  Wlitttxna^t  (-,  -^e),  midnight. 

ber  WlitttDod)  (-g,  -e),  Wednesday. 

tttittoirfen,  to  cooperate,  assist, 
collaborate,  take  part,  contrib- 
ute towards. 

mogcn  (er  mag;  mod^te,  gemoc^t),  to 
like,  desire,  be  willing;  to  be  per- 
mitted; to  be  possible;  may. 


mijgliti^,  possible. 

mijglic^ft  (superl.  of  mogltd^),  as 
...  as  possible. 

ber  Wlomi  (-g,  -e),  month. 

ber  Tlontaq  (-eg,  -e),  Monday. 

moralifc^,  moral. 

tnorgcn,  morning,  to-morrow;  — 
friif),  to-morrow  morning. 

ber  SJlorgen  (-g,  -),  morning,  dawn; 
am  folgenben  — ,  on  the  next  day. 

tnorgcnf(^iJn,  as  beautiful  as  the 
morning. 

ntiibc,  tired. 

bie  Wlixfic  (-,  -n),  trouble,  pains, 
effort,  labor;  nld^t  ber  —  iDert, 
not  worth  while. 

ber  WlnUtt  (-g,  -),  miller. 

bie  SlRuItipUfatwtt  (-,  -en),  multipli- 
cation. 

ber  Wlttuh  (-eg,  -e  and  ^tx),  mouth. 

ntiinblitft,  orally. 

tnurrcn,  to  murmur,  grumble,  com- 
plain. 

ttiiiffcn  (er  mug;  mugte,  gemugt), 
must,  to  be  obliged  to,  have  to. 

ber  2)lut  (-eg),  mood,  disposition, 
spirit,  courage. 

ntutig,  courageous,  spirited. 

bie  abutter  (-,  ^),  mother. 


m 

nad^  (dat.),  after,  later;  towards, 
to;  —  unb  — ,  little  by  little,  by 
degrees;  —  §aufe,  home. 

nadftbem,  adv.,  afterwards;  conj., 
after,  according  as. 

ber  ^^ladjfolgcr  (-g,  -),  successor. 

narffgiebig,  flexible,  yielding. 

ber  91ac^mittag  (-eg,  -e),  afternoon. 

bie  9lacftrtc^t  (-,  -en),  news. 


VOCABULARY 


221 


bcr  S'lac^fd^uift  (-c6,  -^c),  new  batch, 
reenforcements. 

nat^ft  (superl.  of  naif)),  next,  nearest, 
closest. 

bic  ^adii  (-,  ^t),  night;  ilbcr  — , 
over  night,  during  the  night. 

bie  9label  (-,  -n),  needle. 

ber  S^lagcl  (-^,  ^),  nail. 

naft  (na()cr,  nad^ft),  near,  close  (by); 
— (e)  an,  near  to. 

bic  9^a^c  (-,  -n),  nearness,  neigh- 
borhood. 

htx^amt(n)  (^(n)§, -n), name,  title. 

namcni^,  named,  of  the  name. 

namlic^,  namely,  to  wit,  that  is  to 
say. 

ber  9^1  arr  (-en,  -en),  fool,  idiot. 

bie  9lafc  (-,  -n),  nose. 

naft,  wet. 

bas  9flattottalbcnfma(  (-(c)^,  -^er), 
national  monument. 

ber  S^otionatfciertag  (-eg,  -c),  na- 
tional holiday. 

bag  S^lattonatttcb  (-eg,  -er),  national 
song. 

bie  Station  (-,  -en),  nation. 

bie  9^atur  (-,  -en),  nature. 

natMtc^,  natural  (ly),  of  course. 

bie  9laturtt)iffcnfc^aft  (-,  -en),  nat- 
ural science. 

nei^en  (dat.  or  ace),  near,  next  to, 
beside. 

ncbcn^cr,  along,  beside. 

ncftmen  (er  nimmt;  nal^m,  genom^* 
men),  to  take,  seize. 

ncibtfcft,  envious,  jealous  (auf,  of). 

ncin,  no. 

ncnncn  (nannte,  genannt),  to  name, 
call. 

ncn,  new;  neuere  @prad^en,  modern 
languages. 


ticugicrig,  curious(ly). 

ha^  S^cuja^r  (-eg,  -e).  New  Year. 

ncutt,  nine;  neunte,  ninth. 

tticftt,  not. 

nid^t^,  nothing;  mir  —  bir  — ,  quite 
coolly,  without  ado. 

nit,  never. 

ber  ^icbcrbcutfefte  (-n,  -n),  Low 
German. 

nicbcr,  nether,  low,  down. 

iid)  mcbcrlaffcn  (er  Icifet  fi(§  niebcr; 
IteS  fic^  nieber,  fic^  ntebergelaffen), 
to  sit  down,  settle. 

mcbctfc^iaucn,  to  look  down. 

nicbcrft^icften  (fd^ofe  nieber,  nieberge* 
fd^offen),  to  shoot  down. 

niebrig,  low,  vile,  mean,  lowly. 

niemanb,  no  one,  nobody. 

ntmmcr,  never  (again). 

nod^,beside, further;  still, yet,as  yet; 
another;  —  einmal,  once  more. 

ber  9lomittatitJ  (-g,  -e),  nominative 
(case). 

ber  9florbctt  (-g),  the  North. 

norbnjdrt!^,  northward. 

ber  '^ot)tmhcv  (-(g)),  November. 

bie  9'lot  (-,  -^e),  need,  want,  neces- 
sity, trouble,  difficulty. 

nothjcttbigcrnjcifc,  necessarily,  of 
necessity. 

bie  ^nU  (-,  -en),  naught,  zero. 

bie  S^ummcr  (-,  -n),  number,  cipher. 

nun,  now,  well. 

nur,  only,  merely,  scarcely,  a  little 
while  ago,  but  just,  just. 

gu  nu^e;  —  madden,  to  turn  to  ad- 
vantage, avail  one's  self  of. 

ber  Slu^en  (-g),  use,  profit,  ad- 
vantage. 

nit^Hd^,  useful,  advantageous. 

nu^io^f  useless,  unprofitable. 


222 


beginners'   GERMAN 


o 

vh,  if,  whether. 

ohtUf  above,  aloft,  on  high,  at  the 
top. 

ober^atb,  above. 

hit  Ohtxiippt  (-,  -n),  upper  lip. 

bit  Ohtvpvima,  upper  first  (grade); 
highest  class  in  a  German  higher 
school,  ninth  year. 

hit  Ohtxxtali^nit  {-,  -n),  a  German 
higher  school  in  which  the  an- 
cient languages  are  displaced  by 
the  modern,  and  where  the  arts, 
sciences,  and  technical  subjects 
are  emphasized. 

hit  C^crfchinba,  upper  second 
(grade);  seventh  year  in  a  Ger- 
man higher  school. 

oberft  (superl.  of  obcr),  top,  highest. 

ber  Obcrft  (-en,  -en),  chief,  colonel. 

bie  Obertcrtia,  upper  third  (grade); 
fifth  year  in  a  German  higher 
school. 

bic  Obrigfctt  {-,  -en),  magistrate, 
authorities. 

ha^  Obft  (-e^),  fruit. 

Dblt)Oi|l,  though,  although. 

Dber,  or,  or  else,  otherwise. 

ber  Dfcn  (-g,  -^),  oven,  stove. 

offcn,  open,  frank,  public. 

ijffentlic^,  public. 

ber  Ofpsicr  (-«,  -c),  officer. 

flffncn,  to  open. 

oft,  often. 

ijftct!^  {compar.  of  oft),  quite  often. 

o^nc  (acc.)y  without,  but  for,  ex- 
cept; —  ba6,  but  that,  save 
that;  —  hai  er  bemerfte,  without 
his  seeing,  so  that  he  did  not  see. 

ha^  Oftr  (-(e)g,  -en),  ear. 

ber  Dftobcr  (-(«)),  October. 


ber  Onfcl  (-«,  -),  uncle. 

ba^  C^fct  (-^,  -),  offering,  sacrifice, 
victim. 

H^crfrcubig,  willing  to  make  sacri- 
fices, self-sacrificing. 

Op^Ctn,  to  sacrifice. 

Othtntixd^,  orderly,  regular,  proper, 
usual. 

ber  Often  (-^),  East. 

bie  Oftern  (pL),  Easter. 

fifterrcic^  (-^;  neut.),  Austria. 

ijftlicft,  eastern,  easterly. 

bie  Oftmarf  (-,  -en),  eastern  border 
country. 

bie  Dftfcc  (-),  Baltic  Sea. 

bag  $aar  (-eg,  -c),  pair,  couple. 

ftc^  ^acfen,  to  be  gone;  ftc^  feiner 
SBege  — ,  to  go  his  way,  clear  out 
on  his  way. 

ha^  ^apitx  (-g,  -c),  paper. 

ber  ^apxcttoxh  (-cS,  ■^),  paper-bas- 
ket. 

ber  $arf  (-eg,  -e),  park. 

ha^  ^^artamcnt  (-eg,  -e),  parliament. 

iparlamentarifd^,  parliamentary. 

hit  ^eitfcfte  (-,  -n),  whip. 

bie  $crfon  (-,  -en),  person,  role. 

ber  ^farter  (-g,  -),  clergyman,  par- 
son, minister. 

ipfctfen  (pflff,  gepftffen),  to  whistle. 

ber  pfennig  (-g,  -e),  the  smallest 
German  coin,  tott  mark;  about 
I  cent. 

bag  $ferb  (-eg,  -c),  horse. 

bie  ^fingftcn  (pl.)y  Whitsuntide, 
Pentecost. 

bie  ^^an^t  (-,  -n),  plant. 

pflan^tn,  to  plant. 


VOCABULARY 


223 


hit  ?Pf(ottmc  (-,  -n),  plum. 

bit  ^flcgc  (-,  -n),  care  (of,  for), 
tending,  fostering,  cultivating. 

hit  $iftok  (-,  -n),  pistol. 

hit  ^kgc  (-,  -n),  plague. 

bic  ^(antagc  (-,  -n),  plantation. 

hit  ^lantagcn&cfi^ung  (-, -en),  plan- 
tation possession,  dependency, 
dominion. 

bcr  $la^  (-c«,  -^c),  place. 

bcr  $la^regen  (-«,-),  sudden  down- 
pour of  rain. 

pioi^iiti),  sudden (ly). 

bcr  ^plural  {-^,  -t),  plural  (num- 
ber). 

:ponttf(^,  political. 

ber  ^ratt  (-^),  bounce,  rebound. 

ha^  ^vd^tn^,  present  tense. 

^rcuftctt  (-^;  neut.),  Prussia. 

pvtn^iid),  Prussian. 

bcr  ^rins  (-en,  -en),  prince. 

bic  ^tinscffin  (-,  ~nen),  princess. 

bie  $rtkjatfc^|u(c  (-,  -n),  private 
school. 

bcr  ^rofcffur  (-«,  -en),  professor. 

bic  $rx)fa  (-),  prose. 

I^rofit!  your  health!  may  it  do  you 
much  good! 

ha^  ^nli  (-e«,  -e),  desk. 

ber  "tl^nnft  (-e^,  -e),  point,  dot, 
period;  sharp  (of  time). 

a 

bic  Cluabtatmettc  (-,  -n),  square 

mile, 
bie  Clttarta,  fourth  grade;  the  third 

year  in  a  German  higher  school, 
bie  OueIKe  (-,  -n),  spring,  source, 
bie  Cuinta,  fifth  grade;  the  second 

year  in  a  German  higher  school. 


fic5  tati)cn,  to  take  revenge. 

raM,  quick  (ly). 

ber  ^aitnpla^  (-c^,  ^e),  lawn. 

bie  9f{oft  (-),  rest. 

bcr  9iai^^ttt  (-n,  -en),  alderman, 
councilman. 

bic  fftaitc  (-,  -n),  rat. 

bcr  9lcalgt)mnafiaft  (-en,  -en),  pupil 
of  a  QfJealQtjmnafium. 

ha^  OieaIgl)mnafium  (-^,  -ten),  see 
also  ©i^mnafium;  German  higher 
.school  in  which  Greek  is  re- 
placed by  the  modern  languages 
while  Latin  is  given  with  fewer 
lessons  than  in  the  ©tjntnaftum. 

bie  dttti^tnan^Qaht  (-,  -en),  task  or 
lesson  in  arithmetic. 

ted^nen,  to  count,  calculate,  reckon, 
count  upon. 

ha^  dtcttjntn  (-^),  arithmetic,  count- 
ing. 

rcd^t,  right,  quite,  real;  properly; 
—  f)abcn,  to  be  right;  e^  alien  ?eu* 
ten  —  maii)tn,  to  please  or  suit 
everyone. 

ha^  ffttdjt  (-c6,  -c),  right,  claim, 
title,  law,  justice. 

ttti^i^,  to  the  right,  on  the  right. 

bic  JRebe  (-,  -n),  speech. 

rcbcn,  to  speak,  talk. 

ha^  dtthtn  (-^),  talking,  speaking. 

regc,  astir,  lively,  active. 

bcr  Sfiegcn  (-^,  -),  rain. 

bcr  JRegentro^fen  (-^,  -),  rain- 
drop. 

regicren,  to  reign,  rule. 

rcgnen,  to  rain. 

rcicft,  rich. 

ha^  ditx^  (-cS,  -c),  empire,  king- 
dom, realm. 


224  BEGINNERS'   GERMAN 

bic  9(?cic^i§o«ge(e9Cttftett  (-,  -en),  af-  bic  9fJofc  (-,  -n;  dim.  ba«  9^o3letn), 

fairs  of  the  empire.  rose, 

ber  Dfieic^^fansJcr  (-^,  -),  Imperial  hcL^  JRog  (-ffe^,-[fe),  horse,  charger. 

Chancellor.  •   rot,  red. 

btc  Dflcic^^regicrung  (-,  -en),  govern-  ber  Stiirfgang  {-t^,  -^e),  going  back, 

ment  of  the  empire.  return,  retreat,  retrogression. 

ber  Stcic^^tag  (-e^,  -e),  (imperial)  ber  9Juf  (-e^,-e),  call,  cry;  vocation, 

diet.  Parliament.  calling;  reputation. 

retf,  ripe,  mature.  rufen   (rtef,   gerufen),   to   call,   ex- 
bie  ^Jlet^e  (-,  -n),  row,  rank,  line,  claim. 

order.  bie  DfJul^C  (-,  -n),  rest,  peace,  quiet, 
reifen  {aux.  feiit  and  l^aben),  to  travel,         sleep. 

journey.  ru^ett,  to  rest,  sleep, 

ber    JReifigc   (-n,   -n),   horseman,  rul^ig,    quiet (ly),    tranquil,    still, 

trooper.  peaceful. 

rcifien  (rife,  gerlffen),  to  tear;  an  fid^  ru^mtiott,  famous,  glorious. 

— ,  to  usurp.  rirnb,  round. 
retten  (ritt,  ift  gerttten),  to  ride  (on 

horseback), 

bie  DftcUgion  (-,  -en),  religion.  hit  <Bci6)t   {-,  -v),   thing,   affair, 
rennen  (rannte,  ift  gerannt),  to  run,  cause,  case. 

race.  Sacftfen  (-^;  neut.),  Saxony, 

ber  Utetter  (-^,  -),  savior,  rescuer.  ber  Sarf  (-e^,  -^e),  sack,  bag. 

ber  Oiftctnpfalser   (-«,  -),  inhabit-  bie    ©age    (-,    -n),    saying,    tale, 

ant   of    the    Palatinate    of   the  legend,  tradition. 

Rhine.  fftg^n,    to    say,    tell,    speak,    pro- 
tic^ten,  to  adjust,  arrange,  put  in  nounce. 

order;  to  regulate;  to  turn;  to  bie  Sammlung  (-,  -en),  collection. 

address;   to  judge;   to   try;   to  ber  Sanii^tag  (-e^,  -e),  Saturday. 

execute.  ber  ©ang  (-e^,  -^e),  song,  singing, 

ber  O^ic^ter  (-^,  -),  judge.  ber  Sa^  (-e^,  -^e),  sentence,  phrase. 

ric^ttg,  right,  correct,  in  order.  faucr,  sour,  cross, 

ba^  9iic^tftau^   (-fe^,  ^fer),  court-  ber  8c^abc(n)  (-n^,  ■^),  damage,  in- 

house.  jury,  wrongs. 

rictften  (rod^,  geroc^en),  to  smell.  W  ©d^alc  (-,  -n),  shell,  skin,  peel, 
ber  Oliemen  (-^,  -),  strap;  thong.  husk. 

tiefen^aft,  gigantic.  bag  ©(i^attiaftr   (-ce)g,  -e),  leap- 
ttttnen  (rann,  ift  geronnen),  to  flow,  year. 

run.  bie  ©(^ar  (-,  -en),  band,  flock,  mui- 
ber  JJJoggen  (-g),  rye.  titude,  crowd. 

wmanifcft,  Romanic,  Romance.  W<ltf,  sharp. 


VOCABULARY 


225 


bcr  Sc^iattcn  (-6,  -),  shadow. 
fd^a^en,  to  treasure,  prize,  value, 

estimate. 
ittjaucn,  to  look  at,  gaze  upon,  be- 
hold, see. 
ba^  ©c^aufcnftcr  {-^,  -),  show- (dis- 
play-) window, 
ber  ©rfiaum  (-eg,  -^e),  foam,  lather. 
fc^icibcti  (fc^ieb,  ift  or  ^at  gefd^ieben), 

to  depart;  to  separate. 
Mcincn  (fd^ien,  gefc^ienen),  to  shine; 

to  seem,  appear. 
Merjcn,  to  jest,  joke. 
f(^i(fctt,  to  send. 
ba^  Sddiff  (-eg,  -e;  dim.  ba^  ©d^iff* 

c^en),  ship,  vessel, 
bcr  (Bd^x^ct  (-g,  -),  skipper,  sailor, 

boatman. 
fd^tmpfen,  to  insult;  to  abuse;  — 

auf,  to  vituperate,  rail  against, 
bcr  ©d^tm^jfnamc  (-ng,  -n),  abusive 

name,  nickname. 
fc^ilafcn  (er  fc^Iaft;  fd^Iief,  gcfd^Iafcn), 

to  sleep. 
ba^  ©c^lafsimmer  (-g,  -),  bedroom. 
fc^Iagcn  (er  fci^Iagt;  fd^Iug,  gcfd^Iagcn), 

to  strike,  beat;  to  rout  or  defeat. 
frfjlcd^t,  bad,  wicked;  poor, 
((^licfeen  (fc^Iofe,  gcfd^loffcn),  to  shut, 

close,  lock,  join,  press  (to  the 

heart),  conclude. 
f(^limm,  bad. 
fc^Ungen    (fc^Iang,   gcfd^Iungcn),   to 

sling,  wind,  entwine;  to  swallow, 
bcr  SrffliifFel  (-g,  -),  key. 
fc^mat,  narrow. 
fd^mcrfcn,    to    taste,    relish,    taste 

good;  eg  fc^mcdt  mir,  I  like  it. 
fc^nattcn,  to  buckle,  snap. 
ittfuappcn,  to  snap,  snatch, 
bic  ©c^nau5C  {-,  -n),  snout,  muzzle. 


fc^ncibcn  (fc^nitt,  gefd^nitten),  to  cut. 
ber  ©cftttcibcr  (-g,  -),  cutter,  tailor. 
fd^neten,  to  snow. 
f(^ncH,  rapid(ly),  swift,  quick, 
bic    Sc^ottc     (-,    -n),    clod,    sod; 

ground. 
f(^on,  already. 

fd^dn,  pretty,  beautiful,  lovely, 
bic  ©c^o^jfung  (-,  -en),  creation,  for- 
mation, 
bcr  ©(ftratif   (-eg,  -^c),   wardrobe, 

cupboard,  case,  closet, 
bcr  ©dftrcrf  (-g,  -c),  fright. 
fdftrcrflic^,  frightful,  terrible,  awful. 
fdftreiBcn    (fd^rieb,    gefc^rieben),    to 

write, 
bcr  ©dfirciibcr  (-g,  -),  writer,  scribe, 

secretary,  clerk,  author. 
((ftrcictt   (fd^rie,   gefc^rieen),   to   cry 

(out). 
fcftrcitctt  (fd^ritt,  ift  gefd)ritten),  to 

stride,  proceed. 
fd^tiftlici^,  written,  in  writing, 
bcr  8 c^ir itt  (-eg,  -e),  step,  stride, 

pace;  feincg  ©d^ritteg  gef)en,  to  go 

his  way. 
bcr  8(ftu^  (-eg,  -e),  shoe. 
bcr  ©c^iui^marficr  (-g,-),  shoemaker, 

cobbler. 
fd^utbloi^,  guiltless,  innocent, 
bic  ©d^ulc  (-,  -n),  school, 
bcr  ©(^filler  (-g,  -),  pupil;  bic  ©d^ii^ 

Icrin  (-,  -ncn),  (girl)  pupil, 
bic  ©ci^itlersai^l  (-,  -en),  number  of 

pupils, 
bag  Bd)nif)an^  (-fcg,  ^er),  school- 
house, 
bcr  ©eftut^of  (-eg,  -^c),  school  yard, 
bag    ©(^ulfinb    (-eg,   -er),    school 

child, 
bic  ©d^ulftttbc  (-,  -n),  schoolroom. 


226 


beginners'   GERMAN 


ha^  Sci^wlsimmer  (-8,  -),  school- 
room. 

ber  8(fturfc  (-n,  -n),  scoundrel, 
rogue,  villain. 

bie  8(^uffc(  (-,  -n),  dish. 

ber  ©(^u^  (-e^)/  defense,  shelter, 
protection,  care. 

ba^  Sc^u^gcbict  (-c6,  -e),  protec- 
torate; colony. 

fdjhiodj,  weak. 

ber  Sc^ttJanj  (-e^,  ^t),  tail. 

fc^marj,  black. 

f(ft rtJOrsgrau,  black-gray,  dark  gray. 

f(^tt>ctgcn  (fd^mieg,  Qefd^tDlegen),  to 
be  silent,  be  quiet,  cease  (speak- 
ing). 

id^tOCtf  heavy,  diflScult,  hard,  seri- 
ous. 

bag  8cftttjcrt  (-e^,  -er),  sword. 

ba^  Sei^ttjcrtgcflirr  (-«),  clanking  of 
swords. 

bic  Sd^hjcftcr  (-,  -n),  sister. 

fcfittjirrcn,  to  whir,  flit,  fly. 

fc^rtjijren  (fd^njur,  gefc^moren),  to 
swear,  take  oath. 

ber  Scftnjur  {-^,  ^e),  oath,  vow. 

fc(f|!^,  six;  fec^fte,  sixth. 

ber  See  M,  -n),  lake. 

bic  See  (-,  -n),  sea,  ocean. 

ber  See^anbel  (-g),  ocean  com- 
merce. 

ber  Segen  (-«,  -),  blessing. 

feften  (er  ftef)t;  fa^,  gefef)en),  to  see, 
look. 

bie  Se^nfut^t  (-),  longing. 

feftnfiit^tig,  longingly. 

feftr,  very,  much,  greatly. 

fcin  (er  tft;  mar,  tft  getDefen),  to  be; 
eg  finb,  there  are. 

feln,  — t,  —,  his,  its;  — cr,  — c, 
— e&;  ber,  hit,  ba«  — (i8)e,  his. 


feit,  since,  for. 

bie  <Btitc  {-,  -n),  side,  page. 

itxttt)dvt^,  sideways,  on  one  side. 

bic  Sefunbe  (-,  -n),  second. 

felbbrttt,  each  with  the  other  two. 

felOft,  self,  myself,  yourself,  him- 
self, itself,  etc.;  even. 

felbftanbtg;  independent,  separate. 

felten,  seldom,  rare. 

fcltfom,  strange,  curious. 

hit  ©emmel  (-,  -n),  roll. 

fenben  (fanbte,  gefanbt),  to  send. 

ber  Se^jtemBer  (-«),  September. 

ber  Seffel  (-«,  -),  seat,  chair. 

fe^en,  to  set,  seat,  put,  place. 

feufjen,  to  sigh,  groan. 

bie  (Bt^ta,  sixth  grade;  lowest  class 
in  a  German  higher  school. 

fic^  {dat.  and  ace.  of  reflexive  pro- 
nouns)^ himself,  herself,  itself, 
yourself  (yourselves),  them- 
selves; each  other;  one  another. 

ftc^er,  secure,  safe,  sure,  certain. 

flc^ertl,  to  insure,  make  sure,  guar- 
antee. 

fteiien,  seven;  ficbtc  (ftcbcnte),  sev- 
enth. 

ber  ©iegerfranj  (-eg,  ■''c),  victor's 
wreath,  garland. 

ha^  ©Uber  (-g),  silver. 

fingen  (fang,  gefungen),  to  sing. 

bag  Singeti  (-g),  singing. 

ber  Singular  •  (-g,  -c),  singular 
(number). 

fittfen  (fanf,  ift  gefunfen),  to  sink. 

ber  Sinn  (-eg,  -e),  sense,  mind, 
thought,  meaning;  taste. 

ftnnen  (fann,  gefonnen),  to  think, 
meditate,  reflect. 

finnloi^,  unconscious,  thoughtless, 
foolish,  unmeaning. 


VOCABULARY 


227 


fi^ctt  (fa6,  ficfcffcn),  to  sit. 

fo,  so,  thus,  such  (a);  —  lattfic  oI«, 
as  long  as. 

fofort,  immediately;  at  once. 

fogat,  even. 

fogenannt,  so  called. 

fogteic^,  see  fofort. 

bcr  ©oftn  (-c«,  ^c),  son. 

fold^  (— er,  — c,  — i«),  such;  — -  cincr, 
such  a. 

bcr  ©olbat  (-en,  -en),  soldier. 

fotten,  to  owe,  be  obliged  or  bound 
in  duty;  to  be  or  have  to;  (as 
aw^.),  shall,  should,  ought,  must; 
n)a«  foil  \>a^  fein?  {lit.,  what 
shall  that  be),  what  do  you 
mean  b}?^  that? 

fomit,  consequently,  accordingly, 
then. 

bcr  ©ommer  {-^,  -),  summer. 

bic  ©ommcrfcrtcn  (pL),  summer  va- 
cation, holidays. 

bic  ©ommcri^t^c  (-,  -n),  summer 
heat. 

bcr  (Bommetmonai  (-(c)«,  -c),  sum- 
mer month. 

bic  ©ommcrsctt  {-,  -tn),  summer- 
tinae. 

fotibctn,  but. 

bcr  Bmnahtnh  {-^,  -t),  Saturday. 

bic  Sonne  (-,  -n),  sun. 

bcr  ©onnenfd^ein  (-«),  sunshine 
(light). 

bcr  ©onncnftra^l  (-«,  -en),  ray 
(beam)  of  the  sun. 

bcr  ©onntag  (-^,  -e),  Sunday. 

fonft,  else,  otherwise,  besides, 
moreover,  formerly. 

bic  Bov^t  (-,  -n),  sorrow,  care, 
anxiety,  trouble. 

forgcnfrei,  free  from  care. 


fotitel,  so  or  as  much. 

foUJO^il .  . .  al^  audi,  as  well ...  as. 

@)iamen  (-^;  neut.),  Spain. 

bcr  <Bpanitv  (-^,  -),  Spaniard. 

ipan^dj,  Spanish. 

f^annen,  to  span,  stretch,  cock  (a 
gun). 

ipat,  late. 

f^asicren  or  —  ficl^cn,  to  go  walking. 

bcr  ©^asterritt  (-c^,  -e),  ride  on 
horseback. 

f^etfen,  to  eat. 

ba^  Bpitl  (-^,  -e),  play,  game. 

f^ielen,  to  play. 

bcr  Bpxdpia^  {-t^,  ^t),  playground. 

ha^  ©^ielnjarcngefdftdft  (-«,  -c),  toy 
shop. 

f^ji^,  pointed,  sharp. 

bic  Bpta^t  {-,  -n),  speech,  lan- 
guage; frentbc  — ,  foreign  lan- 
guage. 

f|>rcci^en  (cr  fprtd^t;  fprad^,  gcfprod^cn), 
to  speak,  talk,  say. 

bag  <Bptidit!DOti  (-e^,  -^cr),  saying, 
proverb. 

f^rtngcn  (f prang,  ift  gcfprungcn),  to 
spring,  leap;  to  break. 

bcr  S^ntd^  (-c6,  -"-c),  saying,  maxim. 

f^itren,  to  trace,  track,  perceive. 

bcr  Btaai  (-e«,  -en),  state,  country; 
bic  ^ScrcintQtcn  ©taatcn.  United 
States. 

bcr  ©taati8ftau)gftatt  (-eg,  -e),  finance, 
administration  of  revenue,  bud- 
get. 

bcr  <Btah  (-eg,  -^c),  staff,  stick. 

bic  6tabt  (-,  -"^c),  town,  city. 

ber  <Biamxn  (-eg,  -^c),  stem,  trunk; 
family,  race. 

ftammen,  to  be  descended,  sprung, 
derived  (from). 


228 


BEGINNERS     GERMAN 


bcr  Stanb  (-c§,  -^c),  position;  in  ben 
—  fcljen,  to  enable. 

bic  Stange  (-,  -n),  pole,  rod,  bar, 
stick. 

jtavt,  strong,  stout. 

\tati  (gen.),  instead  of. 

ftc(^en  (er  ftid^t;  ftad^,  gcftod^en),  to 
stick,  pierce,  sting. 

ftcrfcn,  to  stick,  put,  place. 

ber  Stcrfnabclfopf  (-eg,  ^c),  pin- 
head. 

bcr  (Steg  (-e^,  -c),  footplank, 
bridge,  path. 

ftc^cn  (ftanb,  geftanben),  to  stand, 
be  situated,  be,  stop. 

ftcl^len  (cr  ftiel^tt;  ftaf)I,  geftoWcn),  to 
steal. 

ftcigcn  (ftieg,  ift  gcfticgen),  to  mount, 
ascend. 

ftci(,  steep. 

ber  ©tein  (-e6,  -e),  stone. 

ftcinig,  stony,  rocky. 

bic  Stelle  (-,  -n),  place,  position, 
situation. 

fteffcn,  to  place,  put,  set. 

bic  Stcttung  (-,  -en),  placing,  posi- 
tion, posture. 

fterben  (er  ftirbt;  ftarb,  ift  gcftorbcn), 
to  die. 

ftct^,  steadily,  continually,  always. 

fttff  ( — e),  still,  silent,  quiet. 

bie  Stimme  (-,  -n),  voice. 

ber  Stocf  (-e^,  -^e),  stick,  cane. 

ber  (Storf  (-e^),  story  {of  a  house). 

ha^  BtodtDttt  (-e^,  -e),  story,  floor. 

fto(5,  proud. 

ber  8tol5  (-e8),  pride. 

ber  Stranb  (-eg,  -e),  strand,  beach, 
seacoast. 

hk  (Straftc  (-,  -n),  street. 

ftrefien,  to  strive,  struggle. 


bic  ©trcrfe  (~,  -n),  stretch,  extent, 

distance,  extension. 
ftrct(^ett  (ftric^,  geftrid^en),  to  stroke, 

spread,  strike,  cancel, 
bcr  ©trcit   (-eg,  -e  or  — igfeiten), 

strife,  dispute,  quarrel,  conflict. 
ftretten  (ftritt,  geftrttten),  to  fight, 

quarrel,  dispute, 
ber  Strom  (-g,  -^c),  stream,  river, 
bic  Strophe  (-,  -n),  stanza, 
bcr   <Btxnmpf   (-eg,   -^c),   stocking, 

sock, 
bic  ©tube  (-,  -n),  room, 
bag  Stiirf  (-eg,  -e),  piece, 
ber  ©tubcnt  (-en,  -en),  student. 
ftubicrcn,  to  study, 
bag    Stubtum    (-g,    bie    ©tubicn), 

study, 
ber  Stuftl  (-eg,  -^c),  chair,  stool, 
ftumpf,  stumpy,  blunt,  dull. 
bic  Stunbc  (-,  -n),  hour,  period; 

recitation. 
hit  ©ttbtraftion  (-,  -en),  subtrac- 
tion. 
fud^en,  to  seek,  search  (for), 
ber  ©iibcn  (-g).  South. 
fitblicJ^,  south,  southern. 
bit  ©iibfce  (-),  South  Sea;  (BVih\tt^ 

gebiet,  see  ©ebiet. 
hit  8«mmc  (-,  -n),  sum. 
bcr  Siinbcr  (-g,  -),  sinner,  culprit; 

armer  — ,  condemned  criminal, 
bic   Sup^c    (-,   -n),   soup,   broth; 

(Suppcnlpffel,  see  !2dffel. 
fiifjf,  sweet. 


bie   XaUl    {-,   -n),    table,    board; 

iEBanbtafel,  blackboard, 
bcr  Xaq  (-eg,  -e),  day. 
tagtid^,  daily,  every  dav. 


VOCABULARY 


229 


bcr  XaUx  H,  -),  German  coin,  3 
marks. 

bcr  Xatttttnhanm  (-eg,  ^e),  fir-tree. 

bit  Xantt  (r,  -n),  aunt. 

bit  Xa^d^c  {-,  -n),  pocket. 

ba^  Xajd^tnttt^  (-eg,  -^cr),  hand- 
kerchief. 

bie  ^afrfienuiftr  (-,  -en),  watch. 

bie  Xa^U  (-/  -T^)f  cup. 

bie  Xat  (-,  -en),  deed,  act,  action. 

tdtXQ,  active. 

tccftniftft,  technical. 

ber  (ba^)  Xtxl  (-g,  -e),  part,  share; 
sum  grdfeten  2:eile,  for  the  most 
part. 

bit  XtUnatftat  (-),  participation, 
share,  sympathy,  interest,  co- 
operation. 

ber  XtUtv  H,  -),  plate. 

teucr,  dear,  costly,  beloved. 

ber  Xiivon  (-g,  -e(n)),  throne. 

tief,  deep,  far. 

ba^  Xxtx  (-§,  -e),  animal. 

bie  ^ierfafiel  (-,  -n),  animal  fable. 

bit  Xintt  {-,  -n),  ink. 

ber  ^if^  (-eg,  -e),  table. 

ber  ^ifcftler  (-§,  -),  joiner,  cabinet- 
maker. 

ba^  Sifc^tut^- (-eg,  -^er),  table-cloth. 

ber  Xritl  (-g,  -),  title. 

bie  ^ot^ter  (-,  ■«•),  daughter. 

bie  Xo^itx\<!i)Vi\t  {-,  -n),  school  for 
girls. 

ber  Xob  (-eg),  death. 

toH,  mad,  absurd. 

ber  $tor  (-en,  -en),  fool. 

ber  Xxah  (-eg,  -e),  trot. 

trdge,  lazy. 

tragen  (er  trftgt;  trug,  getragen),  to 
bear,  carry;  to  endure,  suffer. 

trotttig,  sad,  sorrowful. 


traut,  clear;  beloved,  intimate. 

bie  ^re^^e  (-,  -n),  stairs,  staircase, 
flight  of  stairs. 

tretcn  (er  tritt;  trat,  ^at  or  ift  getre* 
ten),  to  tread,  walk,  step. 

tre«,  faithful,  true,  sincere,  loyal, 
good. 

bit  Xtmt  (-),  fidelity,  loyalty. 

trinfett  (tranf,  getrunfcn),  to  drink. 

trorfcn,  to  dry. 

iro^fcn,  to  drop. 

ber  Xtf>p\tn  (-g,  -),  drop. 

ber  Xw\t  (-eg),  comfort,  solace. 

tro^  (gen,),  in  spite  of,  despite,  not- 
withstanding, although. 

ivo^btm,  although,  notwithstand- 
ing. 

ber  Xtnic^  (-eg),  boldness,  defiance; 
<S(^ul5  unb  — ,  defense  and  of- 
fense. 

bag  Xntfi  (-c«,  -^er),  cloth. 

bit  XuQcnh  (-,  -en),  virtue. 

tutt  (er  tut;  tat,  getan),  to  do,  per- 
form, make;  eg  tut  nxir  leib,  I  am 
sorry. 

bit  Xnv  (-,  -en),  door. 

turtten,  to  do  gymnastics. 

bag  Xntntn  (-g),  gymnastics. 

U 
iibcl,  evil,  bad. 
ttl^en,  exercise,  practise,  drill. 
uhtt   (dat.  or  ace),  over,  above, 

higher  than,  across,  on  account 

of;  about,  by  way  of. 
itberaU,  all  over,  everywhere. 
itl^erlbnngen  (ilberbrad^te,  iiberbrad^t), 

to  bring  to  or  over,  deliver. 
iificrgcbcn  (er  ilbergibt;  ilbergab,  iibcr* 

geben),  to  give  over,  surrender. 
itbermorgen,  day  after  to-morrow. 


230 


beginners'   GERMAN 


iilberteic^ett,  to  hand  or  reach  over, 
present. 

uftcrfcctfc^,  transoceanic,  across 
the  ocean. 

ii'bcrfc^cn  {aux.  fein  and  Fiaben),  to 
leap  over,  cross  over  (a  river, 
etc.). 

iibcrfc'^cn,  to  translate. 

iibcriibcrmorgen,  the  day  after  the 
day  after  to-morrow;  three  days 
hence. 

iibertoalttgcn,  to  overcome,  over- 
power, subdue. 

iibcrtoinbcn  (iibcrmanb,  ilbertuunben), 
to  overcome,  conquer,  sur- 
mount. 

ixbxx^f  left  over,  remaining,  super- 
fluous. 

bic  Uftr  (-,  -€n),  timepiece,  clock, 
watch;  time  of  day. 

bcr  U^rmad^cr  {-%,  -),  clock  (watch) 
maker. 

bic  m^rmod^crci  (-,  -en),  clock 
(watch)  shop. 

urn  {ace),  around,  about,  near, 
concerning,  over,  past;  for,  in 
order  to. 

ttmbrtngctt  (brac^tc  urn,  umgebrad^t), 
to  bring  to  death;  eincn  urn  tiXQd^ 
— ,  to  cause  one  to  lose  some- 
thing, take  away  something 
from  one. 

umgel^cn  (giiiQ  um,  ift  umgcQangen), 
to  associate  with. 

um^crltcgcn  (lag  um{)er,  um^iergcle* 
gen),  to  lie  around,  about. 

umfcl^rctt  {aux.  fein  and  l)aben),  to 
turn  around  or  about. 

ber  UmMkg  {-^,  -"-e),  turning  up 
or  over;  sudden  change,  turn; 
cover;  envelope. 


umf^JontiCtt,  to  stretch  around,  en- 
circle. 

unab^dngtg,  independent. 

unaMdffig,  incessant (ly). 

unaufmcrffom,  inattentive. 

unbefannt,  unknown,  ignorant,  un- 
acquainted. 

unb,  and. 

itnbeutlid^,  indistinct,  obscure,  con- 
fused. 

uneben,  uneven,  rough;  unsuit- 
able. 

bie  Uneinigfett  (-,  -en),  discord,  dis- 
sension. 

uneitii^,  disunited,  at  variance. 

uncnblid^,  endless. 

Ungarn  (-«;  neut.),  Hungary. 

ungefd^r,  approximate,  about,  al- 
most, near. 

ungenau,  inexact,  inaccurate. 

ungcrabc,  not  straight,  not  even; 
odd. 

ungliirffclig,  unhappy,  unfortunate. 

bie  Union  (-,  -en),  the  Union, 
United  States. 

bie  Unitjerfitdt  (-,  -en),  university; 
auf  ber  — ,  at  the  university. 

unmittelbar,  immediate,  direct. 

unrcc^t,  not  right,  wrong. 

bie  Unfd^ulb  (-),  innocence,  purity. 

unft^ulbtg,  innocent,  guiltless. 

unfcr  {gen.ofXQ\x),oi  us;  — , — (e)re, 
— ,  (ber,  W,  bag)  — e  or  — ige, 
our,  ours. 

untdttg,  inactive. 

unten,  below,  beneath,  underneath, 
downstairs. 

untcr  {dat.  or  ace),  under (neath), 
below,  among. 

bie  Untcr fialtung  (-,  -en),  conversa- 
tion, entertainment. 


VOCABULARY 


231 


Uc  llntttixppc  (-,  -n),  under  or 
lower  lip. 

unternci^men  (cr  untcmtntmt;  untcr* 
nat)m,  unternommcn),  to  under- 
take, attempt. 

ha^  Untcrpf anb  (-c^,  -^er),  pledge, 
security. 

bit  Untcr^rimo,  lower  first  (grade) ; 
the  next  highest  year  in  a  Ger- 
man higher  school. 

untcrric^'tcn,  to  teach,  instruct. 

bcr  Untcrf(^icb  (-«,  -c),  distinction, 
difference. 

bic  Unterfcfunba,  lower  second 
(grade) ;  the  sixth  year  in  a  Ger- 
man higher  school. 

un'tctfte^cn  (ftanb  unter,  untergcftan* 
ben),  to  stand  under. 

untcrfte'i^en,  to  be  under  (one's 
command). 

Utttcrftcttcn,  to  put,  place  under, 
put  under  cover  or  shelter. 

untcrftii'^cn,  to  support,  prop,  sus- 
tain; to  second  (a  motion). 

bic  Untcrftii^ung  (-,  -en),  propping, 
support,  assistance. 

btc  Untcrtertia,  the  lower  third 
(grade);  the  fourth  year  of  a 
German  higher  school. 

ber  Untierftanb  (-e^),  lack  of  under- 
standing or  judgment;  folly. 

unttJOi^l,  unwell,  indisposed. 

ttfft).  (unb  fo  toelter),  and  so  forth. 


ber  fSatet  (-«,  ^),  father. 

ha^  JBatcrknb  (-^,  -^er),  fatherland, 

native  country;  Germany, 
bic  JBcranlaffung   (-,  -en),  cause, 

occasion,  motive. 


\)txathttttn,  to  work  up,  manufac- 
ture, digest. 

Ucrbeffcrn,  to  render  better,  correct, 
improve. 

t)txhinbcn  (toerbanb,  Derbunbcn),  to 
bind,  unite,  join. 

t)erbletben  (derblieb,  ift  berbllcbcn), 
to  remain,  persist. 

bic  SJcrbrcitung  (-,  -en),  propaga- 
tion, circulation,  spreading. 

tierbtenen,  to  earn,  gain,  merit,  de- 
serve. 

ba^  (ber)  JBcrbienft  (-e^,  -e),  gain, 
profit,  merit;  —  unt,  service  to. 

l^erbrangen,  to  crowd  out,  displace, 
supplant. 

tocrbriefiUc^,  vexed,  cross. 

Jjcrcittigt,  united;  ^erelnigtc  2)taa^ 
ten.  United  States. 

ber  HBcrfall  (-«),  decay,  decline,  de- 
terioration. 

berfaffung^gcmdff,  according  to  the 
laws,  constitutional. 

bic  JBergangcn^cit  (-,  -en),  past. 

ijcrgcblic^,  in  vain. 

bcrgeffcn  (er  t)ergi6t;  tierga^,  bergef^ 
fen),  to  forget. 

tJcrgleic^cti  (berglid^,  bergttc^cn),  to 
make  equal  or  even,  adjust; 
to  compare. 

ba^  f8txfidUm§  (-ffe6,  -ffc),  relation, 
condition,  circumstances. 

ticri^ciftungi^tJoH,  promising. 

ucrfaufcn,  to  sell. 

bcr  fSttltflv  (-§),  traffic,  inter- 
course, communication,  com- 
merce. 

bic  fStxtcfix^ht^itfiunq  (-,  -en),  com- 
mercial relations. 

ber  fStxlttfX^^abtn  (-«,  ■^),  thread  of 
communication  or  commerce. 


232 


beginners'    GERMAN 


see  i8erfef)r6be3ie()ung,  commer- 
cial condition. 

tJcrflagen,  to  accuse,  bring  action 
against,  sue. 

ijcrraffen  (cr  toerlcifet;  tjerliefe,  berlaf* 
fen),  to  leave  (behind),  forsake, 
abandon. 

tier  Iter  en  (derlor,  berloren),  to  lose. 

bcr  85eduft  (-e^,  -e),  loss,  damage, 
injury,  waste. 

bermeint,  supposed,  imaginary. 

ijcrmiffcn,  to  miss. 

tJcrne^men  (er  t)emimmt;  \)tvna^m, 
Dernommen),  to  hear,  perceive. 

tJcrfaumen,  to  neglect,  miss. 

tJerfd^icben,  different. 

kicrfc^Ungcn  (berfd^Iang,  bcrfc^Iungen), 
to  twine,  gulp  down,  swallow. 

t^crfc^njinben  (berfc^toanb,  ift  ber* 
fd^lDunben),  to  disappear,  vanish. 

tjcrfparen,  to  spare,  save. 

bie  25erfprc(^ung  (-,  -en),  promise. 

tierftccfctt,  to  hide,  conceal. 

toerftc^cn  (oerftanb,  Derftanbcn),  to 
understand. 

Uerfuc^cn,  to  attempt,  try. 

Ucrtcilcn,  to  divide,  distribute,  ar- 
range, apportion. 

tJcrtUgcti;  to  destroy,  exterminate. 

Uertreten  (er  tocrtritt;  t)crtrat,  ftertre* 
ten),  to  stand  in  place  of  another, 
represent. 

ber  ISBertretcr  (-«,  -),  representa- 
tive. 

ber  fStttoanhtc  {-n,  -n;  ein  — ^r), 
related  one,  relative. 

bcr  fStxtvtqtnt  {-n,  -n;  tin  — ^r),  pre- 
sumptuous, insolent,  saucy  fel- 
low. 

htttonnhcti,  surprised,  astonished. 


tjcraeilften  (bcrgtelf)/  bersiel)en),  to  par- 
don. 

bie  fStt^cxijunq  (-),  pardon. 

ein  ^tto  einlegen,  to  veto  (a  bill). 

t)icl  (me^r,  meift),  much,  many. 

biclbeoc^tct,  much  respected,  highly 
regarded,  much  heeded. 

t)ielfa(^,  manifold,  often. 

t)itimal{§),  often,  many  times,  fre- 
quently. 

kiicr,  four;  toierte,  fourth. 

t)icrerfig,  four  cornered,  square, 
rectangular. 

bie  8!^iertclftunbe  (-,  -n),  a  quarter 
of  an  hour. 

ber  ISBogcl  (-^,  ^),  bird. 

ba^  fSolt  (-c§,  -"-er),  people,  nation, 
race. 

bie  fS'olftVQXd^c  (-,  -n),  size  or  great- 
ness of  nations  or  racej. 

bie  SBoWcrhjanberung  (-,  -en),  mi- 
gration of  peoples. 

bie  f8olU^d)viU  (-,  -n),  primary  or 
common  school. 

ha^  fSolUtnm  (-^,  -^er),  nationality. 

t)otl,  full  (of). 

tjolfenben,  to  complete,  finish. 

tooQenb^,  entirely,  completely. 

t)om  =  t)on  bent. 

toon  (dat.),  of,  from,  by,  in,  on, 
upon,  concerning. 

tJOr  {dat.  and  ace),  before,  formerly, 
in  front  of,  in  presence  of,  on  ac- 
count of,  with,  from,  against;  ago. 

Doran,  before,  on,  onwards,  at  the 
head,  foremost,  ahead. 

tjoraui^rcnnen  (rannte  t)orau«,  ift  bor* 
auggerannt),  to  run  ahead,  in 
advance. 

tjorBcrctten,  to  prepare,  get  ready 
beforehand. 


VOCABULARY 


233 


k»or6Ubcn,  to  foreshadow,  represent; 
to  give  a  preparatory  education, 
educate. 

bic  JBorbilbung  (-,  -en),  prepara- 
tion. 

bcr  JBorbcrgrunb  (-e^,  *c),  fore- 
ground, front. 

blc  ©orbcrtafcl  (-,  -n),  front  tablet. 

tiotgeftcrn,  day  before  yesterday. 

t>otiQ,  former,  preceding. 

tiorfommcn  {tarn  bor,  tft  t)orgcfoTn* 
nten),  to  come  forth,  appear, 
happen. 

toorlcgcn,  to  lay  before,  display. 

bic  fSotit^nnq  {-,  -en),  reading 
aloud,  lecture. 

ber  JBormittag  (-e^,  -e),  forenoon. 

tJornc^imen  (cr  nimmt  t)or;  nal^m  t)or, 
borgenommen),  to  take  before, 
take  in  hand,  undertake. 

bic  !S8Drfrf|uk  (-,  -n),  preparatory  or 
elementary  school. 

ber  S5orfi^  (-eg),  presidency. 

tiorfprerfien  (er  fpric^t  dor;  fprad^  t)or, 
Dorgefprod^en),  to  pronounce  to 
or  for  (one),  teach  one  how  to 
pronounce. 

toortragen  (er  tragt  dor;  trug  dor,  dor- 
QCtragen),  to  carry  or  bring  be- 
fore, lecture  (on),  deliver  (a 
speech). 

bag  S^orurteil  (-g,  -e),  prejudice. 

bortiorgeftern,  the  day  before  the 
day  before  yesterday;  three  days 
ago. 


toad^ttt,  to  watch,  sit  up;  to  awake. 
toac^fam,  watchful,  vigilant. 
toat^fen  (er  tuad^ft;  toud^g,  ift  getoad^* 
fen),  to  wax,  grow. 


bk  ^ad\t  (-,  -en),  watch,  guard, 
ber  SBagen  (-g,  -),  vehicle,  wagon, 

carriage, 
bic  SSa^l  (-,  -en),  choice,  selection, 

election;  bet  jcbcr  — ,  at  each  elec- 
tion. 
iDa^Ien,  to  choose,  elect. 
toatiXf  true,  genuine,  real, 
toa^renb  {gen.)^  during;  during  the 

time  that,  whilst, 
ber  SBttlb  (-eg,  -er;  dim.  hoi^  SSiilb* 

d^en),  wood,  forest. 
toalten,  to  dispose,  govern,  rule, 
bic  SBanb  (-,  -^c),  wall, 
ber  SSanberer  (-g,  -),  traveler,  pil- 
grim. 
hjanbern    {aux.  fein),   to   wander, 

roam,  travel, 
bic  SBanbcrfd^aft  (-,  -en),  traveling, 

pilgrimage, 
bcr  SSanbeti^mann   {-{t)^,  -Icute), 

wanderer,  traveler, 
ber  SSanbertrieb  (-g,  -e),  impulse 

(inclination)  to  wander, 
bic  aSanbfarte  (-,  -n),  wall  map 

or  chart, 
bte  SSanbtafel  (-,  -n),  blackboard, 
bic  SSanbul^r  (-,  -en),  wall  clock. 
toann,  when;  fett  — ?  since  when? 

how  long  ? 
bag  SBarenlagcr  (-g^  -),  warehouse, 

storehouse. 
toatva,  warm. 
toarten,  to  wait;  —  auf  (occ),  to 

wait  for. 
toarum,  why. 
toa^,  what;  that  which;  why;  see 

etloag;  —  filr  cin,  what  kind  (sort 

of). 
toafd^cti  (er  toSfd^t;  toufd^,  gctDofd^cn)^ 

to  wash. 


234 


beginners'   GERMAN 


ha^  SBaffer  (-4,  -),  water. 

tntMn,  to  wag. 

bcr  SScg  (-e^,  -t),  way,  road,  route; 

manner;  passage;  distance. 
WCQCn  {with  preceding  or  following 

gen.),  because  of,  on  account  of, 

for  the  sake  of,  for,  respecting, 

with  regard  to. 
bag  SSc^  (-eg,  -e  or  -en),  woe;  pain, 

misery;  agony  of  longing. 
toc^ren,  to  prevent,  oppose;  fid^  — , 

to  defend  one's  self,  resist. 
Xot\(ii,  soft,  tender,  delicate,  smooth, 
bic  SSctfinad^tctt  (pi.),  Christmas, 
ber  SBet^nod^ti^matin   (-eg),  Santa 

Claus. 
bie  SSei^nacftt^sci^  (~)/  Christmas 

time. 
totxi,  because,  since,  while. 
'tilt  SScilc  (-,  -n),  a  while,  time; 

leisure, 
ber  SBcin  (-eg,  -e),  wine,  vine, 
tticifc,  wise,  cunning,  prudent, 
bic  SScifc   (-,  -n),  way,  manner, 

style. 
hjeifen   (toicg,  gemiefcn),   to  show, 

point,  direct, 
njcift,  white. 

njctt,  wide,  broad,  large,  far,  dis- 
tant. 
njetterge^cn  (ging  toelter,  tft  meltcr* 

gegangen),  to  go  further, 
ber  SBctsen  (-g),  wheat. 
ttjeldft,  which,  what;  — er,  — c,  — eg, 

which,  what,  who. 
bic  SSctte  (-,  -n),  wave, 
bic  SSclt  (-,  -en),  world. 
hit  SSettftonbeli^mael^t  (-,  --^c),  power 

of  world-commerce, 
bic  SBctoirtft^aft   (-,  -en),  inter- 
national commerce. 


toenbcn  (manbtc,  genjanbt),  to  turn 
(over,  around,  about),  change. 

Uiemg,  little,  not  much,  few. 

toenn,  when,  if,  whenever. 

hjcnnglcic^,  as  if,  though,  although. 

hjer,  who,  he  who. 

tticrben  (er  h)irb;  tourbc  [toarb],  ift  gc* 
tDorben),  to  become,  grow,  be. 

Ujcrfen  (er  mirft;  marf,  9en)orfen),  to 
throw. 

bag  SSerf  (-eg,  -c),  work,  produc- 
tion, deed. 

ber  SScrfeltag,  see  SBerftag. 

bic  SScrfftattc  (-,  -n),  workshop. 

ber  SBerftag  (-eg,  -e),  working-day, 
week-day. 

ber  SScrt  (-eg,  -e),  worth,  value. 

hjcffen  {gen.  of  toer),  of  whom, 
whose. 

toCi^tocgen,  wherefore,  on  account 
of  which. 

ber  SSeften  (-g),  the  West. 

toetten,  to  bet,  wager;  barauf  — ,  to 
bet  on  it. 

bag  SSettcr  (-g,  -),  weather,  storm. 

toid^tig,  weighty,  important. 

bie  2St(i^tigfeit  (-,  -en),  weight,  im- 
portance, matter  of  importance. 

ber  SSibcr^aff  (-g,  -e),  echo. 

tote,  how,  as,  like,  when;  fo  fd^on  — , 
as  beautiful  as. 

totcbcr,  again. 

totc'bcrftolen,  to  bring  back. 

toicbcrifeolen,  to  repeat. 

toicberfc^retben  (fd^rieb  h)iebcr,  n)ie* 
bergefd^rieben),  to  write  again. 

totcberfei^ett  (er  fte^t  mieber;  fa^  tDie* 
bcr,  n)tebergefe]^en),  to  see  again; 
ouf  SSiebcrfel^en!  until  we  see 
each  other  again!  good-by! 

totcberum,  again;  on  the  other  hand. 


VOCABULARY 


235 


SStcn  (-6;  neut.),  Vienna. 

bic  SSicfc  {-,  -n)f  meadow. 

tDtebiel,  how  many. 

toilb,  wild. 

bcr  SSinb  (-e«,  -c),  wind. 

toinfcin,  to  whine,  whimper. 

ber  SSintcr  {-^,  -),  winter. 

ber  SSi^fcl  H,  -),  (tree)  top. 

Jtiirfcn,  to  work,  effect,  produce, 
operate. 

hJirfUc^,  actual,  real. 

ber  SStrt  (-c^,  -e),  host,  innkeeper. 

bic  SSirtfc^aft  (-,  -en),  economics, 
husbandry;  inn-keeping,  inn. 

h)irtf(l^aftlt(^,  economic (al),  belong- 
ing to  economics  or  to  a  house- 
hold; agricultural. 

ha^  SSirtfc^apintcrcffc  (-«,  -n), 
farming  interest,  economic  in- 
terest. 

bcr  SSifd^cr  (-«,  -),  wiper,  black- 
board-eraser. 

toiffcn  (er  h)ei6;  n)u6te,  9en3u6t),  to 
know;  er  toufetc  fic§  nic^t  p  ^elfen, 
he  did  not  know  how  to  help 
himself,  what  to  do. 

bic  SSiffenft^aft  (-,  -en),  science. 

too,  where,  in,  on,  at  which,  when. 

bic  SBorffc  (-,  -n),  week. 

tt)i)(ftentlt(^,  weekly. 

bic  SSogc  (-,  -n),  wave,  billow. 

ber  f5^0QcnptaU  (-^),  rebound  of 
waves. 

toolset,  whence,  how. 

tooi^ilt,  whither,  to  what  place, 
where. 

tool^l,  well;  indeed,  of  course;  per- 
haps, probably,  undoubtedly. 

toofiitdixQf  beneficent,  benevolent, 
charitable. 

tX}ofinttt,  to  dwell,  reside,  live. 


bcr  SBol^n^k^  (-t^,  -^e),  dwelling- 
place,  town. 

bcr  SBoftnfi^  (-c^,  -c),  residence, 
dwelling-place. 

ba^  SSoi^nsimmcr  M,  -),  living- 
room. 

bic  fS^oltt  (-,  -n),  cloud. 

tooUen,  to  wish,  will,  be  willing;  to 
desire,  like,  want,  intend. 

toomtt,  wherewith,  with  which 
(what). 

hit  SBonnc  (-,  -n),  joy,  rapture,  bliss. 

tooratl,  for  (in)  which. 

ha^  SSort  (-c6),  word;  pL  -t,  con- 
nected words;  -"-er  {as  SSortcr* 
buc^),  disconnected  words. 

bic  SBortfoIge  (-,  -n),  order  of 
words. 

tooriibcr,  whereat,  whereof,  at, 
over,  upon  what  (which). 

tootion,  whereof,  of  or  concerning 
which  (what). 

ba^  SSunbct  (-^,  -),  wonder,  aston- 
ishment, miracle. 

tounberbar,  wonderful,  astonishing, 
marvelous. 

tounberlic^,  strange,  odd. 

tounberfam,  wonderful. 

hjunbertjott,  wonderful. 

tom\<i)tn,  to  wish,  desire. 

bic  SBiitbc  (-,  -n),  dignity,  honor, 
majesty,  oflSce. 

ber  SSurf  (-e^,  -^c),  throw,  cast. 

bic  SBurscl  (-,  -n),  root. 

8 

bic  3<JW  (-/  -^tt),  number,  figure, 
jo^tcn,  to  count,  number. 
ja^lcn,  to  pay;  bar  — ,  to  pay  cash, 
ber  3tti^n  {-^,  -^c),  tooth. 


236 


beginners'   GERMAN 


bag  Safintvtfi  (-«,  -c  or  -en),  tooth- 
ache. 

ha^  Santtn  {-^),  quarreling. 

5.  f8,=ium  ^eifpiel,  see  58eifpicl. 

gc^n,  ten;   it^ntt,  tenth. 

5ci(^nen,  to  mark,  draw,  sketch. 

ba^  Scicftncn  {-^),  drawing. 

5Ctgcn,  to  show,  point  out. 

ber  S^tgcr  (-g,  -),  pointer,  hand. 

bie  3ciic  (-/  -i^)f  line. 

bie  3ctt  (-,  -en),  time. 

bag  Scit  (-e^,  -c),  tent,  vault  of 
heaven. 

Scrbciftcn  (^erblfe,  gcrbiffen),  to 
crunch,  break  with  the  teeth, 
bite. 

jcrbrcdjcn  (cr  gcrbrtd^t;  gerbrad^,  ger* 
brod^cn),  to  break  to  pieces. 

jcrfattcn  (er  gcrfallt;  serftel,  ift  gerfal- 
len),  to  fall  to  pieces,  fall  into 
parts  or  branches. 

Scrfrfjcttcn  {aux.  fein),  to  go  to 
pieces;  to  be  wrecked. 

jcrfc^ncibcu  (ger[(^Tiitt,  gerfd^nttten), 
to  cut  into  pieces,  cut  up. 

Seugcn,  to  testify,  bear  witness. 

ha^  S^nqni^  Hfeg,  -ffe),  certificate, 
testimonial. 

5te^cn  (gog,  gesogen;  aux.  l^aben  and 
\dn),  to  draw,  pull;  to  move, 
extend. 

5tcmlic^,  tolerable,  rather. 

hk  S^^^C^^)  (-/  -(s)^)f  ornament, 
decoration. 

Sicren,  to  ornament,  decorate. 

ba^  Simmer  M,  -),  room. 

ber  3oi^n  (-g),  anger. 

5ormg,  angry. 

gu  (dat.),  to,  on,  by,  for,  at;  — 
gu6,  on  foot;  —  $ferb,  on  horse- 
back; —  ■^aufe,  at  home. 


5U,  too. 

jutfen,  to  jerk,  start,  flash,  quiver. 

ber  3«rf^J^  M)/  sugar. 

juerft,  at  first,  firstly. 

ber  3w9  (-^g,  -^e),  pull,  march;  pas- 
sage; train. 

gugefien  (ging  ju,  ift  gugegaitgen),  to 
go  up  to;  to  take  place;  auf  ben 
5lbenb  — ,  to  be  going  on  towards 
evening. 

bie  3«Jitttft  {-),  future. 

Sulaff en  (cr  lagt  gu;  liefe  gu,  augelaffen), 
to  leave  closed;  to  admit. 

Sum=gu  bem;  —  ®out)erneur  ma^Icn, 
to  elect  governor;  —  genfter  fiin* 
augfe()en,  to  look  out  of  the  win- 
dow. 

jnmad^en,  to  close. 

gunci^men  (cr  nimmt  gu;  nalim  gu,  gu* 
genommen),  to  take  in  addition, 
increase. 

hk  S^M^  (-/  -'^)f  tongue. 

5ur=gu  ber. 

Siirnen,  to  be  angry  (ilber,  urn, 
about,  at,  with). 

guriidf,  back,  backwards. 

guriirffiii^ren,  to  lead  back;  —  auf, 
to  trace  back  to. 

guriirfgcften  (ging  guriirf,  ift  guriidfgc* 
gangen),  to  go  back,  return. 

guriirf^affen,  to  echo  back,  re- 
sound. 

guriirffommen  (tarn  suriidf,  ift  gurtidf^ 
gefommcn),  to  come  back,  re- 
turn. 

guriirfreiten  (ritt  guriid,  ift  guriidfge* 
ritten),  to  ride  back  (on  horse). 

guriirffc^trfen,  to  send  back. 

guriitffenben  (fanbte  guriidf,  gurUdge* 
fanbt),  to  send  back. 

gwfommcn,  together. 


VOCABULARY 


^2>1 


3«fammcn6tttbcti  (banb  gufommcn, 
gufamtncnGebunbcn),  to  bind  to- 
gether. 

Sufammen^altcn  (cr  l^iilt  gufanxTncn; 
f)ielt  suf  ammen,  gufamntcngejalten), 
to  hold  together. 

jufammcttfommctt  (fam  gufammcn, 
fie  finb  aufammengefommcn),  to 
come  together,  meet,  assem- 
ble. 

5ttfte^ctt     (ftanb    ju,     jufieftanben) 


(einctn),   to  belong  to,  be  the 

duty  of;  to  be  closed. 
jtttocnben  (manbte  gu,  gugchjanbt),  to 

turn  towards. 
^mXf  in  truth,  indeed,  of  course, 

to  be  sure. 
Shjci,  two;  jtDcttc,  second. 
bcr  3^ctg  (-(c)^,  -c),  branch. 
5tt)tf(i|cn  {dat.  and  acc.)^  between, 

among. 
imif,  twelve;  gtoolftc,  twelfth. 


The  Walter-Krause  German  Series 
First  German  Reader 

By  Dr.  Max  Walter,  Director  of  the  Musterschule,  Frank- 
fort-on-Main,  and  Dr.  CARL  A.  KRAUSE,  Head  of  the 
Department  of  Modern  Languages  in  Jamaica  High 
School,  New  York  City,  and  Lecturer  in  New  York 
University. 

Price   90  cents 

This  is  based,  like  the  "BEGINNERS'  GERMAN,"  upon 
the  direct  method  skilfully  worked  out  to  meet  the  needs 
of  American  schools.  It  contains  fifty  selections  for  read- 
ing, with  illustrations  and  accompanying  questions  and 
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of  the  language.  Following  these  are  fifteen  additional 
selections  of  a  more  general  character  for  supplementary 
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German  songs  with  music,  an  abstract  of  German  gram- 
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The  FIRST  GERMAN  READER  will,  therefore,  at- 
tract the  attention  of  truly  progressive  teachers  of  German 
in  America. 


CHARLES   SCRIBNER'S   SONS 

NEW  YORK  CHICAGO  BOSTON 


The  Walter-Krause  German  Series 
Beginners^  German 

By  Dr.  Max  Walter,  Director  of  the  Musterschule,  Frank- 
fort-on-Main,  and  Dr.  CARL  A.  KRAUSE,  Head  of  the 
Department  of  Modern  Languages  in  Jamaica  High 
School,  New  York  City,  and  Lecturer  in  New  York 
University. 

Price  $1.00 

This  is  the  basic  book  of  the  Walter-Krause  German 
Series.  It  contains  forty-six  carefully  developed  lessons,  fol- 
lowed by  selections  for  reading,  passages  of  connected 
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with  music,  a  full  vocabulary,  and  a  map  of  Germany. 

This  book  embodies  the  best  features  of  the  direct 
methody  which  has  made  Dr.  Walter  famous,  skilfully 
worked  out  to  fit  the  needs  of  American  schools.  It  is 
noteworthy  in  these  respects : 

\.  Oral  work  is  insisted  on  from  the  outset. 

2.  After  the  preliminary  lessons,  reading  is  made  the  centre  of  instruction. 

3.  Drill  in  writing  German  accompanies  the  oral  work  and  the  reading 

exercises. 

4.  Grammar  is  taught  inductively. 

5.  The  building  up  of  a  working  vocabulary  is  emphasized  systematically. 

6.  A  German  atmosphere  is  carefully  maintained  throughout  the  book. 

Five  hundred  and  more  German  teachers  representing 
the  best  teaching  of  German  in  America  have  by  test  found 
this  inspiring  book  the  most  useful  text-book  for  beginners. 

CHARLES    SCRIBNER'S    SONS 

NEW  YORK  CHICAGO  BOSTON 


Short  Stories  for  Oral  French 

By  Miss  ANNA  WOODS  BALLARD,  Instructor  in 
French  in  Teachers  College,  Columbia  University. 

Price  75  cents 

Teachers  who  are  looking  for  material  to  use  in 
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Soon  to  Appear 

BEGINNERS'  FRENCH,  by  MAX  WALTER.  Di- 
rector of  the  Musterschule,  Frankfort-on-Main,  and 
Miss  Anna  Woods  Ballard,  Instructor  in  French  in 
Teachers  College,  Columbia  University. 

This  will  be  the  basic  book  of  the  Walter-Ballard 
French  series.  It  will  consist  of  carefully  graded  les- 
sons, selections  for  reading,  exercises  for  drill  work  on 
grammar  and  idiom,  and  a  vocabulary.  It  will  be  based 
on  the  direct  method,  of  which  Dr.  Walter  is  so  distin- 
guished an  exponent. 

CHARLES    SCRIBNER'S    SONS 

NEW  YORK  CHICAGO  BOSTON 


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